1. Long Term Objectives

2. Roma e Le Sue Fontane

3. Le Fontane nella Storia

4. Le Fontane di Roma1. La Fontana di Trevi2. La Fontana dei Quattro Fiumi3. La Fontana del Tritone4. La Barccaccia

5. Progetto Fontana1. La Fontana di Trevi

6. Ricapitolando

The learner will be able to:

1. Name the three European capitals: Londra, Parigi, and Roma; in Italian.1. Explain the reason for the nicknames of these capitals.

2. Name the US city that has an affinity with one of these capitals and explain why this affinity exists.

3. Name three important Roman fountains.

4. Name three important fountains located around the world.1. State the name of the city and the nation in which each of these fountains are found.2. Name the principle architects/artists that built these fountains.3. Name the different architectural periods associated with these fountains.4. State the years in which these fountains were erected5. State one historical fact that occurred during these years.

By the end of this unit the learner will be able to:

1. State the name of the European capitals of: Francia, Italia and Inghilterra.

2. State the nomignoli (nicknames) for each of these capitals.1. Explain why these nomignoli were given to these cities.

3. Name the US city that has an affinity to a European capital.1. State what this affinity is.

Directions

• Please write the following vocabulary in your notebooks.

1. Nessuno = no one

2. Allora = then

3. Approssimativamente = approximately

4. Risposta = answer

5. Riconoscere = to recognize1. Riconosciuto(a) = recognized

6. Considerare = to consider1. Considerato(a) = Considered

7. La luce = light

8. La lampadina elettrica = electric light bulb

9. Senz’altro = without a doubt

Quante fontane si trovano a Roma? Nessuno sa esattamente. Allora,approsimativamente? La risposta… “Moltissime.” Se Londra èriconosciuta come la città dei parchi – la città del verde; e Parigi èconsiderata la città delle luci – fu la prima città europea ad essereilluminata dalle lampadine eletriche – Roma, senz’altro deve essereconsiderata la città europea delle fontane.

1. What is Rome’s special quality according to this reading?1. Why is this?

2. What is London’s special quality according to this reading?1. Why is this?

3. What is Paris’ special quality according to this reading ?1. Why is this?

Which US city in known as the “city of fountains?”

Kansas City, Missouri!

By the end of this unit the learner will be able to:

1. Define: allegory and metaphor; providing an example of each.

2. Explain the importance of the fountain in ancient Rome.

3. Explain the importance of the fountain in modern Rome.

4. Explain the papal role in the building of Roman fountains.

Directions

• Please write the following vocabulary in your notebooks.

1. Fu

2. Furono

3. Acqua potabile = Potable water

4. Ereggere = To erect1. Erretto = errected

5. Papa = the Pope1. Papale = of / by the Pope

6. Allegoria = Allegory

7. Metafora = Metafore

8. La sorgente = Spring

Directions: Please write the following definitions in your notebooks.

•Allegory

a. The representation of abstract ideas or principles by characters, figures, orevents in narrative, dramatic, or pictorial form.

b. A story, picture, or play employing such representation. John Bunyan'sPilgrim's Progress and Herman Melville's Moby Dick are allegories.

c. A symbolic representation: The blindfolded figure with scales is anallegory of justice.

Directions: Please write the following definitions in your notebooks.

•Metaphor

a. A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily

designates one thing is used to designate another, thus makingan implicit comparison, as in "a sea of troubles" or "All the world'sa stage" (Shakespeare).

Directions

• Please write the following questions in your notebook.

• All questions are ‘True’ or ‘False.’

1. Le fontane furono usate come fonti per acqua potabile.

2. Molte fontane furono monumenti eretti da soldi papali.

3. Molte fontane hanno animali e piante simboliche di alegorie o matafore.

4. Le sorgenti di acque che portano acqua alle fontane romane ogginon sono di acqua potabile.

Public fountains in Rome served multiple purposes: first, they werehighly needed sources of water for neighborhoods in the centuriesprior to home plumbing. Second, they were monuments to the papalpatrons. Most have animals and plants that further carry forthidentification, and each carries a certain number of allegories andmetaphors with it. While all of Rome’s fountains are fed byunderground fresh water springs – therefore potable - there aremany fountains built specifically for drinking.

• Can you think of an allegory?

• Can you think of a metaphor?

The learner will be able to:

1. Name three important Roman fountains.

2. Name the architects/artists that constructed these fountains.

3. State the location of these fountains inside the city of Rome.

Directions

• Take a good look at the following pictures. Remember:

• The names of the fountains.

• The Architects/artists that built the fountains.

• When the fountains were started and completed.

• Who commissioned the fountains.

• What allegory or metaphors are contained in the statuary.

• Where the fountains are located.

A) La Fontana di Trevi B) I Quattro Fiumi D) La Fontana del Tritone

E) La Barcaccia F) La Barcaccia ha acqua potabile G) Drinking fountain

• Commissioned by Pope Clement the VII.

• Construction was started in 1732 by Nicola Salvi.

• Construction was finished in 1762 by Giuseppe Pannini.

• The fountain is in the Baroque style.• The central figure of the fountain, in

front of a large niche, is Neptune, godof the sea. He is riding a chariot in the shape of a shell, pulled by two seahorses. Each sea horse is guided by a Triton. One of the horses is calm and obedient, the other one restive. Theysymbolize the fluctuating moods of the sea.

• On the left hand side of Neptune is a statue representing Abundance, the statue.

Directions: Study your notes regarding the fountains of Rome that we have covered in this presentation.

1. Name each fountain.

2. Name the architect/artist that constructed the fountain.

3. Name the architectural style of the fountain.

4. Name the location of the fountain.

5. There should be only one fountain that cannot be completed.

A) B) D)

E) F) G)

A) La Fontana di Trevi B) I Quattro Fiumi D) La Fontana del Tritone

E) La Barcaccia F) La Barcaccia ha acqua potabile G) Drinking fountain

Directions:

1. Study your notes regarding the fountains of Rome that we have covered in this presentation.

2. Write down all the information that you can about the picture of the fountain you are about to see.

A) La Fontana di Trevi B) I Quattro Fiumi D) La Fontana del Tritone

E) La Barcaccia F) La Barcaccia ha acqua potabile G) Drinking fountain

By the end of this unit the learner will be able to:

1. Discuss the salient details relating to the Fontana di Trevi1. Using this as a guide for the ‘Fontana Project.’

1. Find a famous fountain; located in any country in the world.

2. Before commencing this project, review the presentation on “Slide Presentations.”

3. Discuss in a PowerPoint or PowerPoint type presentation the following elements:1. Name of the fountain;2. Name the city and the country in which the fountain is located;3. Name the principal architect for the fountain;4. State when the fountain was begun and when it was finished;5. State the architectural style in which the fountain was built;6. List three historical facts that occurred during the period of the construction of the

fountain;7. List at least two interesting facts about the fountain.8. Include at least one picture of the fountain being discussed.

4. Do not forget to quote all sources!

5. The last slide of the presentation must be a bibliography of the sources used in the presentation.

1. Keep the background uniform: Do not change the color from slide to slide.

2. The text must be visible to the viewer: Make the text large enough to read and distinguishable from the background.

3. Do not change font styles: Keep the same style for each slide in the presentation.

4. Do not overuse slide transitions or slide animations.

5. Limit the number of facts per slide to no more than four or five.

Here are a few websites dealing with major world fountains. These do not provide all the information required, however, the sites do contain pictures and names of famous world fountains.

10 Famous Fountains

5 Famous Fountains

10 Incredibly Beautiful Fountains

10 Most Today

Kansas City Fountains

Travel and Leisure: The most beautiful fountains in the world

1. The Trevi Fountain is a fountain in the Trevi district in Rome, Italy. Standing 26.3 metres (86 ft) high and 49.15 metres(161.3 ft) wide, it is the largest Baroque fountain in the city and one of the most famous fountains in the world. (Wikipaedia)

2. In 1629 Pope Urban VIII, finding the earlier fountain insufficiently dramatic, asked Gian Lorenzo Bernini to sketch possible renovations, but the project was abandoned when the pope died. While the actual Bernini project was never constructed, there are many Bernini touches in the fountain as it exists today. (Wikipaedia)

3. Competitions had become the rage during the Baroque era to design buildings, fountains and even the Spanish Steps. In 1730 Pope Clement XII organized a contest in which Nicola Salvi initially lost to Alessandro Galilei – but due to the outcry in Rome over the fact that a Florentine won - Salvi was awarded the commission anyway. (Wikipaedia)

4. The Trevi Fountain was finished in 1762 by Giuseppe Pannini. It remains one of the most historical cultural landmarks in Rome. (Wikipaedia)

Euros

Removing the coins

Asso di Coppe

The Fountain of Trevi

1. USA Today – Facts about the Fontana di Trevi.

2. Italy Guides – A few new facts. Spectacular 360° pictures!

3. Italian Architecture – Beautiful pictures and interesting facts.

If you can discuss the following in detail then you are ready for the test:

1. The role of the fountain in ancient and modern Rome.1. Name at least three major Roman fountains.

2. Name at least three major world fountains, including:1. When and where they were constructed;

2. Who were the principal architects behind the fountains’ construction;

3. At least one interesting fact for each fountain.

1. Le Fontane di Roma – A long list of fountains and their locations within the city. The names are in Italian, but the site is in English.

2. Il Suono delle Fontane di Roma – Contains an extensive list of the fountains, along with pictures. The site is entirely in Italian.

3. Le Fontane di Roma – The site contains a detailed list of many of Rome’s most important fountains. It also provides information about each of the fountains along with a picture. The site is entirely in Italian.

4. The Fountains of Rome – Contains a list of the major fountains of Rome, the date they were completed and the name/s of the principal artists related to the fountains. The site is limited but it is in English.

5. Rome Art Lover – This site is a treasure trove of information regarding both Rome and Roman fountains. The site is in English.