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Think about it

• You are pulling an “all-nighter.” How are you going to stay awake?

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Caffeine

• A natural chemical found in tea leaves, coffee beans, cocoa beans, and kola nuts

• Found in many common foodsand drinks including:• Coffee• Soft drinks• Tea• Chocolate• Energy drinks• Medicines

• Classified as a drug

• Caffeine is a stimulant and canbe addictive

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Caffeinated Candy

• Chocolate naturally has caffeine

• Companies creating caffeinated candy:

• Breath mints

• Gum

• Chocolate covered coffee beans

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Caffeine:How Does it Work?

• Absorbed in the stomach and the intestine

• Stimulates brain activity

• Physiologic effects:

• Increase blood pressure

• Increase pulse

• Increase stomach acid production

• Fat stores break down

• Fatty acids released intoblood stream

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Too Much Caffeine

• Insomnia

• Restlessness

• Increased heart rate

• Increased blood pressure

• Abnormal heart rhythm

• Anxiety/nervousness

• Irritability

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Caffeine Sensitivity

Several factors influence

sensitivity:

• Body Mass

• History of caffeine use

• Stress

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Caffeine Withdrawal

Withdrawal symptoms:

• Headache

• Tiredness

• Mood swings

• Jittery feeling

• Difficulty concentrating

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Prevent Withdrawal Symptoms

• Taper your caffeine intake

• Eat small, frequent meals

• Exercise

• Get enough sleep

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Caffeine Comparison

Drink Caffeine

Energy drink 72 - 150 mg

Brewed coffee

134 - 240 mg

Tea 48 - 175 mg

Soft drink 22 - 46 mg

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Alternatives to Caffeine

• Carbonated Beverages:

• Lemon-lime soda

• Orange soda

• Root beer

• Decaffeinated coffee and tea

• Candies:

• Caramels

• Licorice

• Gum drops

CAFFEINE

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Caffeine and Health

Studies have found no substantialevidence linking caffeineto these conditions:

•Blood Pressure

•Cardiac Arrhythmias

•Pregnancy

•Osteoporosis

•Cancer

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Caffeine and Hyperactivity

• Average intake ages 5-18: 35-40 mg/day

• No evidence caffeine contributes to hyperactivity

• May have calming effect

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What about fluid balance?

• Fluid balance

• Fluid loss = fluid taken in

• Does caffeine influence fluid balance?

• No dehydration and GI upset

• Slow re-hydration after exercise

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Caffeine: Ergogenic Aid?

• Ergogenic: increases muscular work capacity  and overall performance

• Caffeine can be ergogenic at low to moderate doses

• Caffeine may increase endurance time

• Individual variation, try in training first

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Would you drink a beverage that claims to…

• …improve performance?

• …increaseconcentration?

• …improvereaction speed?

• …increasemetabolism?

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Statistics

• 7.6 million (approximately 31%) of U.S. teenagers say they drink energy drinks.

• In 2006, $2.3 billionwas spent by teensand young adultson energy drinks

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Energy Drinks

• Canned or bottled carbonated beverages with high amounts of sugar, caffeine, herbal stimulants and supplements

• Marketed with claims of:

• Increased endurance

• Strength and power

• Weight loss

• Feelings of euphoria

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History of Energy Drinks

• Originated in Asia and Europe in the 1960s

• First appeared in the U.S. in the 1980s with Jolt Cola

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A Common Misconception

Sports drinks and energy drinksare not the same.

Energy Drinks• Caffeine filled• High concentration of sugar• Contain herbal stimulants

Sports Drinks• Fluid balance• Electrolyte concentration• Provide energy • Isotonic

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Energy Drinks and the Athlete

• No energy drink can makeyou a better athlete

• Sugar, caffeine, andstimulants may causean athlete to crash

• There is no substitutefor hard work, goodtraining, healthy diet,and adequate rest

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Do you know what you are drinking?

• Taurine

• Guarana

• B-Vitamins

• Glucuronolactone

• Ginseng

• Yerba Mate

• Green Tea

• Cordyceps

• Aloe Vera Leaf

• Carnitine

• Creatine

• Inositol

• Ginkgo Biloba

• Bitter Orange

• Milk Thistle

• Goji Berries

• Garcinia Cambogina Rind

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What’s inside? Guarana

• A shrub that growsin South America

• Extracts of the plant,fruit, or seed

• A stimulant and flavoring

• 1 gram of guarana containsas much caffeine (40 mg)as a medium strengthcup of coffee

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What’s inside? Taurine

• Believed to enhance the effects of caffeine

• Involved in a number of physiological processes including neuronal excitability

• Energy drinks contain up to 10 times the usual intake from diet

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What’s inside? Glucuronolactone

• “Increases feelings of well-being”

• A normal, human metabolite formed from glucose

• When glucuronolactone is taken orally, it is rapidly absorbed, metabolized, and excreted

• 600mg/can, normal human intake 250mg/day

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What’s inside?B-Group Vitamins

B-vitamins include:

• Thiamine (B1)

• Riboflavin (B2)

• Niacin (B3)

• Pyrodoxine (B6)

• Claims to burn fat

• Excess B-vitamins are excreted in urine

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Energy Drink Regulation

• Energy drinks are currently unregulated in theUnited States

• The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires beverage manufacturers to list the presence of caffeine on the label, but not the amount of caffeine in the product

• Herbs and supplements added to energy drinks are not strictly regulated by the FDA

HOW MUCH?

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Review

• What factors influence caffeine sensitivity?

•Body mass, history of caffeine use,stress level

• Name some beverages that are caffeine free.

•Lemon-lime soda, orange soda, root beer, water, milk, fruit juice, etc.

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Review

• What are some marketing claims of energy drinks?

• Increased endurance, strength and power, weight loss, feelings of euphoria

• Why are energy drinks not a good choice for athletic events?

•The amount of caffeine in energy drinks is dehydrating and the high sugar content can cause an athlete to “crash”

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Review

• Caffeine stimulates the central nervous system which makes us feel more awakeand alert

• Energy drinks have a high caffeineand sugar content

• Herbal supplements in energy drinks are not regulated and are not guaranteed safe

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Web Resources

• Caffeine Awareness: www.caffeineawareness.org

• American Beverage Association: www.ameribev.org

• Energy Drinks and Food Bars: Power or Hype?: http://www.kidshealth.org/teen/food_fitness/nutrition/energy.html

• Caffeine: http://www.kidshealth.org/teen/nutrition/general/caffeine.html