1 Joint spatial planning department Stefan Krappweis.
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Transcript of 1 Joint spatial planning department Stefan Krappweis.
2Joint spatial planning department
Stefan Krappweis
Singular in Germany
• Unique in german regional planning administration– One authorithy, staff from two states, share one room
• Comparison with other metroplitan regions: – Hamburg, Bremen:
• co-operation, no amalgamation:
• No common binding targets of regional plannung, elabaration of common development concepts (not binding for regions and communities),
• Funds/grants for projects
3Joint spatial planning department
Stefan Krappweis
Singular in GermanyGL: supposed to lead the way to the big fusion: Referendum failed: 6 reasons for
Brandenburg citizens1. Capital-mortgage of East-Berlin (display window of socialism: construktion
work, money, tropical fruit put into die window, unequal living conditions)2. Centralism-mortgage (trust in the economic power of the bigger unit was
destroyed after 40 years of socialism)3. German unity-mortage: no blooming landscape in east germany, retransfer of
property to the former owner (now living in West-Germany), arrogance of the “wessis”
4. Urban-rural difference, fear of foreign infiltration; modernisation-shock bzw. Trauma:East-german citizens built a corral, defense circle out of covered wagon like in wild west, wild east against of foreign infiltration: not only coloured people, also Berliners (percentage of foreign in Brandenburg 2,3 % (1990: 0,7 %). In Berlin 13 %
5. 1 Mio more Berliner than Brandenburger: Brandenburgs citicens fear Berlins majority would over-direct Brandenburgs interests
…6. Brandenburg would pay for Berlins debt
4Joint spatial planning department
Stefan Krappweis
Singular in Germany
Way out for the poor states after the failed Referendum: pooling of authorities (save money):
• RBB (radio, TV, broadcast)• Courts (finanz, labor and sozial, admininistative)• Statistik• VBB
• 25 state contracts• http://www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/berlin-brandenburg/index.html• http://www.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php?id=53778&_siteid=14
5Joint spatial planning department
Stefan Krappweis
History of Berlin-BrandenburgOne state until 1945: Berlin status• Berlin and Potsdam residenz of the prussian electors and kings
Factors for the Size of Berlin: • ice-age (glacial valleys, sandy soils, low density of population in the rural
areas)
• Prussian (rise to fith european greath power: England, Frankreich, Rußland, Österreich und Preußen - Pentarchie (Herrschaft der Fünf) until first world war 1914. Silesian Wars 1743-63, religious refugees, “enlightened” (restricted) absolutism (independent jurisdiction), upgrading of the residenz, upgrading of infrastructure: roads, waterways, railways; education (school attendance), science (Humbold-University, academies): industrialisation
1871: 826 000 EW reparation/period of promoterism 71/73
1914: >2 Mio. EW (1900: suburbanisation starts)
1942: 4.4 Mio EW
6Joint spatial planning department
Stefan Krappweis
Verdichtungsräume
< 35 35 bis < 4545 bis < 55> 55
Inhabitants per km²
7Joint spatial planning department
Stefan Krappweis
situation after the „sudden turn“ („Wende“)
• Tear down of the Berlin wall, unrestricted mobility für West-Berliner:– Inhabitants and industry
• purchasing power jump in the east – retail dilemma („Konsum“)– motorisation of East-Berliner– Residential dreams (crisis of „Platte“, panel housing)
• Suburbanisierungspotential – Inhabitants, industry, retail
• 130 000 swell-households (price for terraced house: 165.000 €)
8Joint spatial planning department
Stefan Krappweis
situation after the „sudden turn“ („Wende“)
urban/hinterland inhabitant relation
80%
20%
54%46%
51% 49%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
Berlin Hamburg München
Stadt-/Umland- Einwohnerverhältnis
Stadt
Umland
9Joint spatial planning department
Stefan Krappweis
milestones of co-operation
1. „Come together“ – 1989/1990: Potsdam plan– instruction GRK 1992: co-operative elaboration
• LEPro (law) 1992-1998
• LEP eV (ordinance) 1992-1998
2. „march through the institutions“ (Bodies)
3. Quarrel and Mistrust – Berlin urban land use plan 1993-1994– demarcation of subregions in Brandenburg 1992-1993
4. Institutionalisation 1996
10Joint spatial planning department
Stefan Krappweis
milestones of co-operation
• „march through the institutions“ 1990-96 (slogan of ´68)
1990 1991 1992 1993 1997-20051994 1995 1996
PRA (Provisorischer Regionalausschuss)
GRA (Gemeinsamer Regierungsausschuss)
GSTK (Gemeinsame Staatssekretärskonferenz)
Viererrunde
KO-Ausschuss (Koordinierungsausschuss)
GRK (Gemeinsame Regierungskommission)
GASt (Gem. Arbeitsstelle) ab 1996: GL (Gemeinsame Landesplanungsabteilung)
IMAG (interministerielle Arbeitsgruppe)
PlaKo (P lanungskonferenz); ab 1996: PlaKo ((Gemeinsame) Landesplanungskonferenz)
weitere wichtige politische Gremien für die Koordinierung der Zusammenarbeit mit Berlin (außerhalb der Landesplanung):
Gemeinsame Kabinett-/Senatsitzung
Gemeinsamer Koordinierungsrat
11Joint spatial planning department
Stefan Krappweis
milestones of co-operation
• „state chancellary of Berlin and Brandenburg: (Plako 9.12.1993): „institutionalise joint planning“
– 4.4.1995 underwriting of the treaty – 1.1.1996 joint planning department
12Joint spatial planning department
Stefan Krappweis
LEP eV
Spatial plan for the immediate zone of Brandenburg and Berlin– start of elaboration: 1992– ordinance in force: 21.3.1998
13Joint spatial planning department
Stefan Krappweis
LEP eV - Ziele des Planes
Typ 3: 10 %
Typ 1: 50 %Typ 2: 25 %
1990: 276 communities
Berlin no longer „onlooker“ to the suburbansisation process
14Joint spatial planning department
Stefan Krappweis
LEP eV-Monitoring
First report: 25.7.2000
Second report (regional planning report 2004)
Third report 2006
15Joint spatial planning department
Stefan Krappweis
First report: Suburbanisierung
Wanderungen ins Berliner Umland seit 1991 (Saldo)
-5.000
0
5.000
10.000
15.000
20.000
25.000
30.000
35.000
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000
Berlin
äußererEntwicklungsraumBrandenburg
neue Bundesländer
alte Bundesländer
Ausland
Population increase eV 1990-2002: 180.000 EW
1990: 785.000 EW 2002: 966.850 EW
16Joint spatial planning department
Stefan Krappweis
befürwortete Wohnbaustandorte im Umland 1999 und 2000
82%
16%2%
Siedlungsbereich
gelber Freiraum
grüner Freiraum
17Joint spatial planning department
Stefan Krappweis
LEP eV-Erfolgskontrolle
Population increase 1990-2000:Typ 1: 8 % (Planziel: 50 %)
Typ 2: 38 % (Planziel: 25 %)
Typ 3: 40 % (Planziel: 10 %)
Communities with railway station: + 74.454 EW (+12 %)
Communities without railway station: + 65.745 EW (+37 %)
Increase of settlement area 1996/2000
eV: 8,1 %
Germany: 4,4 %
18Joint spatial planning department
Stefan Krappweis
LEP eV-Monitoring
Population increase Typ 3-communities 1990-2000
4 Distance zones
3. behind Berlin Highway ring Groß Schulzendorf 23 %
4. outer border eV Nunsdorf -12 %
1. Berlin-neighbours Schönfließ 398 % Großziethen 315 % Seeburg
189 % Eiche 178 %
2. „2. range“ Diedersdorf 141 %
19Joint spatial planning department
Stefan Krappweis
LEP eV-Monitoring
-14%
-26%
-43%
-45%-40%
-35%-30%
-25%
-20%-15%
-10%-5%
0%
Typ 1
Typ 2
Typ 3
Prevention of intended residential areas of communities by spatial planning department and GL since 1990
• Typ 3-communities: 2.062 ha
• all communities: 3.500 ha
= 10 x airport Tempelhof
20Joint spatial planning department
Stefan Krappweis
Sustainability of spatial planingTen key elements for sustainable human settlements...:
1. resource budgeting
2. energy conservation and efficiency
3. renewable energy technology
4. long-lasting built structures
5. proximity between home and work;
6. efficient public transport systems;
7. waste reduction and recycling;
8. organic waste composting;
9. a circular city metabolism;
10. supply of staple foods from local sources.
21Joint spatial planning department
Stefan Krappweis
further tasks of spatial planning department
• Lay down of spatial planning targets in other plans• harmonisation of urban land use plans (no conflicts with
superior spatial planning targets)– Berlin no longer „onlooker“ to the suburbansisation process
• Departure-form-targets-procedure• Spatial planning procedure for big projects (if no
binding targets)
• Approval of subregional plans• Monitoring, Spatial development report (4 years)
22Joint spatial planning department
Stefan Krappweis
staff of GL
- 100 staff members: 16 of Berlin, 84 of Brandenburg - Brandenburg: head of department (AL) and 7 heads
of division - Berlin: permanent representative (SAL) and 2 heads
of division- tandem principle oder „four eyes from two states
principle“ substitue/deputy from the other state- material costs: one half each- Conflicts? Stairs!
23Joint spatial planning department
Stefan Krappweis
GL2 european spatial development, metropolitan area
GL1 principle-, law- and organisations-subjects
GL3 programm and spatial plans, supervision of subregional planning
GL4 open space developement, conversion
GL5 economics, traffic, infrastructure, airport affairs
GL6 harmonisation of urban land use plans, eastern Brandenburg, ROV (Spatial planning procedure for big projects)
Head of department
Permanent representative of the head of department
GL7 harmonisation of urban land use plans, southern Brandenburg, ROV (Spatial planning procedure for big projects)Brown coal and clean up planning
GL8 harmonisation of urban land use plans, western Brandenburg, ROV (Spatial planning procedure for big projects)
GL10 Strategic planning
24Joint spatial planning department
Stefan Krappweis
structure of GL
- Decision making: mutual agreement in all relevant subjects: relevant subjects?: what the other side finds relevant- tandem principle: substitue/deputy from the other
state- „four eyes from two states principle“
- material costs: one half each- Conflicts? Stairs!
25Joint spatial planning department
Stefan Krappweis
conflict stairs of joint planning
Joint government planning conference:
Factory-Outlet-Center, Eichstädt,
Restrictions against FOC
permanent secretaries:
shopping center
Borsig-Gelände Berlin-Tegel
objections Bbg; under condition agreed
Märkische Spitze“ in Berlin-Marzahn
objections Bbg; under condition tolerated
Möbelmarkt Walter in Vogelsdorf
objections Berlin; under condition agreed
multiplex-cinema Wildau objections Berlin;
rejected, due to the lack of targets realized
26Joint spatial planning department
Stefan Krappweis
Publications
http://www.literatur.mir.brandenburg.de/index.php
http://www.literatur.mir.brandenburg.de/download/104-22-rpark_dt.pdf
http://www.literatur.mir.brandenburg.de/download/93-47-105-23-gplan_en.pdf
http://www.literatur.mir.brandenburg.de/download/93-10-gempladt.pdf