1

Jennifer FogartySpace Medicine Constellation Integration Lead

April 21, 2009

Operations to Research: Communication of Lessons Learned

2

RequirementsDevelopment

ResearchHow can we do

better?

OperationsLessons learned!

VerificationWere requirements

met?

DesignHands-on

architecturalinvolvement

Requirements Integration

Negotiating project buy-in

Human/System Integration Process

3

Human Spaceflight Experience:The Long and the Short of it…

Characteristics of the Vehicle

Habitat Environment

Partial Gravity Exposure

Countermeasure Availability

Physiological, Medical, Environmental Data

4

Selection and

Retention Standards

Prevention, Mitigation, or

Treatment

Pre-, In-, and Post-flight Monitoring

Reconditioning, Recovery, and Reassignment

4Jeffrey R. Davis, MD

Operational Approach

5

Selection and Retention Standards

Screening for disease, medical history, preventive strategies

Prevention, Mitigation, or Treatment

In-flight countermeasures (exercise, nutrition, pharmaceuticals)

Pre-, In-, and Post-flight Monitoring

Establish degree of bone loss, skeletal muscle loss, magnitude of cardiovascular deconditioning, medical conditions, etc

Reconditioning, Recovery, and Reassignment

Post-flight training regimen, return to pre-flight baseline, and flight assignment

5Jeffrey R. Davis, MD

What do we mean by that?

6

Apollo Program• Health Stabilization

Program

• Video monitoring

• Biosensor harness

– O2 and CO2 levels

– Temperature

– Vital statistics

• Metabolic expenditure during EVA

7

Skylab Program• Data down-linking (12-

24 hours after experiment)

• Real-time biomedical research meetings

• In-flight medical unit

8

Shuttle Program

• Cardiovascular• Neuroscience• Musculoskeletal• Radiation• Nutrition• Exercise

9

Shuttle-Mir• 975 days on Mir, 7 astronauts

– Norman Thagard – 115– Shannon Lucid – 188– John Blaha – 128 – Jerry Linenger - 132– Mike Foale – 134– David Wolf – 145– Andy Thomas – 128

9

Jeffrey R. Davis, MD

10

Jeffrey R. Davis, MD

International Space Station

11 11

Jeffrey R. Davis, MD

International Space StationBMD % Change from Preflight

Expeditions 1-16 (n=20)

-30.0

-25.0

-20.0

-15.0

-10.0

-5.0

0.0

5.0

LumbarSpine

FemoralNeck

Trochanter WholeBody

Heel Pelvis

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

0 300 600 900 1200 1500

Days-After-Landing

BM

D C

ha

ng

e (%

)

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

0 300 600 900 1200 1500

Days-After-Landing

BM

D C

ha

ng

e (%

)

PelvisLoss0=7.7% Recovery Half-life=97 d

Percent Change in Estimated VO2 Index from Pre-Flight Expeditions 1-16 (n=20)

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

0-29 30-69 70-99 100-129 130-149 150+ R+4-7 R+30-35

% c

ha

ng

e f

rom

pre

-flig

ht

Medical Requirements collect physiological, medical and environmental data

Data can be used to assess the individual or the population

12 12

Jeffrey R. Davis, MD

International Space Station

TVIS

I-RED

CEVIS

ISS Exercise Hardware Availability Timeline

I-REDAssembly

EXP1 EXP2 EXP3 EXP4 EXP5 EXP6 EXP7 EXP8 EXP9

CEVIS Assembly

TVIS Assembly

restricted to arm ergometry

failing control panel

EXP10

SchRED

replaces I-RED

EXP12EXP11

10/00 09/0506/02 10/03 04/0510/0404/0311/0203/01 12/0108/01 04/04

EXP13 EXP14 EXP15 EXP16

03/06 09/06 04/07 10/07

CCC Installed

failed control panel; CCC

installed

DC power converter

failure

7th fwd stbd roller deteriorated

Incorrect thimble on new cord

T1 → T2iRED → SchRED → ARED

Constraints: Time; Money; Mass; Power; Volume

13

Orion Support to ISS Missions

• Transport up to 6 crew members on Orion for crew rotation

• 210 day stay time• Emergency lifeboat for

entire ISS crew• Deliver pressurized

cargo for ISS resupply

14

Orion MissionsMore questions than answers

• How do we use previous experience to prepare for future exploration?

• Can we simply extrapolate or is the future more complex than that?

• What types of analogs are appropriate?