1

It is Easy for Universities to Support Free Culture with

Digital Libraries: TheNDLTD Example

Edward A. Fox (fox@vt.edu)Virginia Tech, USA

FCDL 2005 – Atlanta

Free Culture & the Digital Library

October 14, 2005

2

Outline

• Acknowledgements

• Message

• 5S Framework

• NDLTD as explained with 5S

• Selected Links, Summary

Acknowledgements: Support

• Adobe• NDLTD• NSF (IIS-9986089, 0080748, 0086227,

0325579; ITR-0325579; DUE-0121679, 0136690, 0121741, 0333601)

• OCLC• UNESCO• US Dept. Ed. (FIPSE)• VT• VTLS

4

Message

1. If you are serious about Free Culture & DLs, being an active member of NDLTD is a “no brainer”, with clear benefits & real savings.

2. 5S is a clear and precise framework that allows us to describe & discuss DLs.

3. 5S description of NDLTD helps facilitate understanding of how beneficial and easy it is to further develop a free culture around ETDs.

5

5S LayersSocieties

Scenarios

Spaces

Structures

Streams

6

5S LayersSocieties

Scenarios

Spaces

Structures

Streams

Fire

Wood

Earth

Metal

Water

5 Elements

7

5Ss

Ss Examples Objectives

Streams Text; video; audio; image Describes properties of the DL content such as encoding and language for textual material or particular forms of multimedia data

Structures Collection; catalog; hypertext; document; metadata

Specifies organizational aspects of the DL content

Spaces Measure; measurable, topological, vector, probabilistic

Defines logical and presentational views of several DL components

Scenarios Searching, browsing, recommending

Details the behavior of DL services

Societies Service managers, learners, teachers, etc.

Defines managers, responsible for running DL services; actors, that use those services; and relationships among them

8

Informal 5S & DL Definitions

DLs are complex systems that

• help satisfy info needs of users (societies)

• provide info services (scenarios)

• organize info in usable ways (structures)

• present info in usable ways (spaces)

• communicate info with users (streams)

9

Hypotheses

• A formal theory for DLs can be built based on 5S.

• The formalization can serve as a basis for modeling and building high-quality DLs.

10

5S and DL formal definitions and compositions (April 2004 TOIS)

5S

structures (d.10)streams (d.9) spaces (d.18) scenarios (d.21) societies (d. 24)

structural metadataspecification(d.25)

descriptive metadataspecification(d.26)

repository(d. 33)

collection (d. 31)

(d.34)indexingservice

structured stream (d.29)

digitalobject (d.30)

metadata catalog (d.32)

browsingservice

(d.37)

searchingservice (d.35)

digital library(minimal) (d. 38)

services (d.22)

sequence (d. 3)

graph (d. 6)function (d. 2)

measurable(d.12), measure(d.13), probability (d.14), vector (d.15), topological (d.16) spaces

event (d.10)state (d. 18)

hypertext(d.36)

sequence (d. 3)

transmission(d.23)

relation (d. 1) language (d.5)

grammar (d. 7)

tuple (d. 4)*

11

Browsing Collaborating Customizing Filtering Providing access Recommending Requesting Searching Visualizing

Annotating Classifying Clustering Evaluating Extracting Indexing

Measuring Publicizing

Rating Reviewing (peer)

Surveying Translating

(language)

Conserving Converting

Copying/Replicating Emulating Renewing

Translating (format)

Acquiring Cataloging

Crawling (focused) Describing Digitizing

Federating Harvesting Purchasing Submitting

Preservational Creational

Add Value

Repository-Building

Information Satisfaction

Services

Infrastructure Services

12

13

Tools/Applications

5S MetaModel

5SGraphDL

Expert

DL Designer

5SL DL

Model

5SLGen

Practitioner

Researcher

TailoredDL

Teacher

componentpool

ODLSearch,ODLBrowse,ODLRate,ODLReview,

…….

Logging ModuleXMLLog

14

Fox & Gonçalves Textbook Parts

• Ch. 1. Introduction (Motivation, Synopsis)

• Part 1 – The “Ss”

• Part 2 – Higher DL Constructs

• Part 3 – Advanced Topics

• Appendix

A Digital Library Case Study

• Domain: graduate education, research

• Genre: ETDs= electronic theses & dissertations

• Training (UNESCO, multilingual): www.etdguide.org

Project: Networked Digital Library of Theses & Dissertations (NDLTD, 501 c 3) www.ndltd.org

16

17

NDLTD Societies

1. Graduate students

2. General public (e.g., readers, citizens)

3. Board of Directors

4. Projects/Sponsors

5. Members

6. Researchers

7. Faculty, administrators, (digital) librarians, archivists, sponsors, publishers, …

18

Board of Directors• Suzie Allard (ETD 2004, U. Kentucky)• Denise A. D. Bedford (World Bank)• Julia C. Blixrud (ARL, SPARC)• José Luis Borbinha (Natl Lib Portugal)• Alex Byrne (ETD 2005, ADT: Australia)• Tony Cargnelutti (ETD 2005, Australia)• Vinod Chachra (VTLS)• Susan Copeland (RGU, UK)• Jude Edminster (Bowling Green St. U.)• Scott Eldredge (Treasurer, ETD 2002, BYU)• Edward A. Fox (Exec Director,Virginia Tech)• John H. Hagen (West Virginia U.)• Thomas B. Hickey (OCLC)• Christine Jewell (U. Waterloo, Canada)

• Delphine Lewis (ProQuest)• Joan K. Lippincott (CNI)• Mike Looney (Adobe)• Gail McMillan (Secretary, Virginia Tech)• Joseph Moxley (ETD 2000, USF)• Eva Müller (U. Uppsala, Sweden)• Ana Pavani (PUC Rio, Brazil)• Axel Plathe (UNESCO, Paris)• Sharon Reeves (National Library Canada)• Peter Schirmbacher (ETD 2003, Humboldt)• Hussein Suleman (U.Cape Town, S. Africa)• Shalini R. Urs (U. Mysore, India)• Eric F. Van de Velde (ETD 2001, Caltech)

19

Selected Projects / Sponsors

• Australia (ADT)• Brazil (BDT, IBICT)• Canada• Catalunya• Chile (Cybertesis)• Germany• India (Vidyanidhi)• Korea• OhioLINK: 79

colleges/univs

• Portugal (National Library)

• South Africa• UK (British Library,

JISC, Edinburgh, …)• UNESCO (especially

Latin America, Eastern Europe, Africa)

• Venezuela

20

21

NDLTD Scenarios

1. Research using ETDs

2. Authoring an ETD

3. Submitting an ETD, reviewing, revising, finalizing, approving

4. Cataloging an ETD, indexing

5. Institutional repostorizing

6. Searching, browsing

7. Selecting, downloading, citing

22

NDLTD Scenarios

8. Career of a graduate student

9. University graduate program

10.ETD activities worldwide

11.Free culture worldwide

12.Developing and deploying open source software and systems

• ETD-db• DSpace, …

Student Gets CommitteeSignatures and Submits ETD

Signed

Grad School

Library Catalogs ETD, Access isOpened to the New Research

WWW

NDLTD

25

NDLTD Spaces

1. Online learning space, offline book space2. Locations, people, institutions, cultures3. OAI-PMH sets of data providers and

harvesting site / service providers4. Interfaces for access to ETDs

• OCLC (OAI, Union Catalog, SRU)• VT and CALIS using Open Digital Libraries• VT research on implicit user models (w. Scirus)• Scirus• VTLS

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

OCLC SRU Interface

33

34

ETD Union Search Mirror Site in China (CALIS)(http://ndltd.calis.edu.cn – popular site!)

35

36

37

38

NDLTD Structures

1. Committees

2. Conference organization

3. Social networks

4. ETD Metadata Standard

5. Union Catalog

6. XML /SGML / HTML document structure

39

NDLTD Streams

1. Document content

2. Bit streams connecting computers• Not encrypted if free culture

3. Harvesting streams

40

Why ETD? Short Answer

• For Students:– Gain knowledge and skills for the Information Age– Richer communication (digital information, multimedia, …)

• For Universities: – Easy way to enter the digital library field and benefit

thereby

• For the World: – Global digital library – large, useful, many services

• General:– Save time and money– Increased visibility for all associated with research results

41

Selected Links - http://fox.cs.vt.edu

• ETD Guide (UNESCO funding, multiple languages)– www.etdguide.org

• NDLTD (electronic theses and dissertations worldwide)– www.ndltd.org and etdguide.org

• OAI (Open Archives Initiative)– www.openarchives.org

• Virginia Tech Digital Library Research Laboratory (DLRL, www.dlib.vt.edu)– 5S, AmericanSouth.Org, CSTC, DL-in-a-box, ENVISION,

ETANA, MARIAN, NDLTD, NSDL, OAD, ODL, …)

42

Summary

1. If you are serious about Free Culture & DLs, being an active member of NDLTD is a “no brainer”, with clear benefits & real savings.

2. 5S is a clear and precise framework that allows us to describe & discuss DLs.

3. 5S description of NDLTD helps facilitate understanding of how beneficial and easy it is to further develop a free culture around ETDs.

43

Questions?Discussion?

Thank You!