1 Is the Bible the Word of God?. 2 References § Scientific Evidences of the Bible’s Inspiration...

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Is the Bible Is the Bible

the Word of the Word of

God?God?

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ReferencesReferences

Scientific Evidences of the Bible’s Inspiration by Bert Thompson (Apologetics Press)

“Ready with an Answer” by Dr John Ankerberg & Dr John Weldon

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Importance of the BibleImportance of the Bible

The Christian faith is grounded in the Bible:

“the Holy Scriptures which are able to make you wise for salvation through faith which is in Christ Jesus” (2 Timothy 3:15)

The one and only objective standard for the Christian faith

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Need for Divine RevelationNeed for Divine Revelation

Character of God

Origin of Man

Origin of Evil

Purpose of Man

Destiny of Man

All above cannot be discovered and need to be revealed to Man

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Inspired word of God

(2 Timothy 3:16)

or

Cunningly devised fables

(2 Peter 1:16)

Is the Bible the word of God?Is the Bible the word of God?

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Is the Bible the word of God?Is the Bible the word of God?

“The inspiration of the Bible depends upon the ignorance of the one who reads it.” (Robert G. Ingersoll)

Who is the ignorant one?

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The Bible cannot be The Bible cannot be “proved”“proved”

Facts & Observations

The Atheist Assumption The Theist Assumption

You make your choice of your basic paradigm BY FAITH.

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Faith is requiredFaith is required

“Now faith is the substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not seen.” (Hebrews 11:1)

“But without faith it is impossible to please Him, for he who comes to God must believe that He is, and that He is a rewarder of those who diligently seek Him.” (Hebrews 11:6)

A proven fact no longer requires faith to be present.

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Faith with reasonFaith with reason

It is notnot a blind faith.

Not based on fables (2 Peter 1:16)

Not based on emotions, feelings or personal conjecture

Not based on majority thought or opinion

Not based on cumulative human wisdom

There are strong evidences for believing what the Bible claims. It is defensible.(2 Peter 3:15)

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Faith & WillFaith & Will

Willingness to believe must first be there

“If anyone wants to do His will, he shall know concerning the doctrine, whether it is from God or whether I speak on My own authority.” (John 17:7)

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ObjectivesObjectives

Not to “prove” the Bible, but

To consider the many evidences showing that the Bible is of Divine origin

To call by REASON to FAITH that the Bible is the inspired Word of God

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What the Bible says about What the Bible says about itselfitself

“All Scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness,” (2 Timothy 3:16)

God spoke through the agency of man

Guides the authors on the content while giving literary freedom

Inerrant - no errors

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God is the source

Attributes the words to God as the Author - 3808 times!

Eg 2 Peter 1:20-21, 2 Peter 3:2, 2 Tim 3:16, 1 Cor 14:37, 1 Thess 2:13, 1 Thess 4:8

“Thus saith the Lord” - 400 times in the Old Testament

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Characteristics as claimed by the Bible

Eternal (Isaiah 40:8, Psalm 119:89, Matthew 24:35, 1 Peter 1:25)

Prophetic (John 1:45)

True (Psalm 119:43, 142, 151, 160, John 17:17, 2 Timothy 2:15)

Good (Jeremiah 33:14)

Holy and righteous (Psalm 119:123)

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Characteristics

Perfect and trustworthy (Proverbs 30:5-6, Psalm 19:7,9, Matthew 5:18)

Relevant and effective (Hebrews 4:12)

Source of spiritual knowledge (John 5:39)

Characteristics as claimed requirethe Bible to be inerrant

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What Jesus said about the What Jesus said about the BibleBible

“The Scriptures cannot be broken.” (John 10:35)

Words spoken by Jesus Himself “If it were not so, I would have told you so.” (John 14:2)

Meaning of “cannot be broken”: Binding Cannot do away with Cannot destroy or demolish or overthrow

i.e. Scriptures must be inerrant so that it cannot be broken

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What the early church What the early church believedbelieved

“There is no evidence to show that errancy was ever a live option in the history of Christendom for 1800 years.” (Harold Lindsell, “The Battle for the Bible”)

“Christians who propose that the Bible’s infallibility extends beyond faith and practice to its teachings about the natural world and history reside squarely in the central tradition of the church.” (Dr J D Woodbridge, Professor of Church History)

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What Modern Critics SayWhat Modern Critics Say

In contrast

The Jesus Seminar - an assembly of liberal scholars of the Bible - whose objective is to determine what Jesus actually said.

Their conclusion: Less than 18% of Jesus’ sayings as recorded in the NT is original

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Evidences concerning the Evidences concerning the BibleBible

Who is right: the Bible or the modern day critics?

What evidences to show the claims of the Bible are credible?

Just as there are solid evidences to base our faith in the existence of God, so there are solid evidences for us to base our faith that the Bible is the word of God

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Evidences concerning the Evidences concerning the BibleBible

Intuitive argument

Scientific Foreknowledge

Archaeological Accuracy

Unity

Unusual style of writing

Endurance

Influence

Prophecy

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Intuitive ArgumentsIntuitive Arguments

If evidences for the existence of God are believed, it is not inconceivable for God to reach out and communicate with man

Why would God create man with a consciousness of Him and then abandon His creation?

Why would God create man and not make known His purpose and will for the Creation to man?

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Intuitive ArgumentsIntuitive Arguments

Writers’ objective was to preserve a very accurate account of the events that we “may know the certainty of those things” (Luke 1:1-4)

Affirm several times of the accuracy of their record of the events (Acts 1:1-3, John 19:35, 21:24, 2 Peter 1:16, 1 John 1:1-3)

Inconsistent and contradictory if writers advocate a very high standard of morality and righteousness but resort to lies to establish this

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Scientific Scientific ForeknowledgeForeknowledge

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Scientific ForeknowledgeScientific Foreknowledge

“Many scientific facts, which prove the infallibility of Scripture, are tucked away in its pages. These proofs are given in non-scientific language; nevertheless, they substantiate the claims of the authenticity of the Holy Scriptures .... In some cases, scientific concepts have been known through the ages, but these concepts are mentioned in a unique manner in Scripture. In other cases, scientific topics have been mentioned hundreds or even thousands of years before man discovered them.” (Jean S Morton, 1978)

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Scientific ForeknowledgeScientific Foreknowledge

Bible contains scientific foreknowledgescientific foreknowledge -

Contrary to the popular concepts and beliefs during the times when the Bible was written

Actual discovery made several centuries later confirming accuracy of Bible’s scientific foreknowledge

How did the authors know?

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ExamplesExamples

The world is round (Job 26:10, Proverbs 8:27, Isaiah 40:22)

The earth is not supported by anything (Job 26:7)

The size of the universe cannot be measured (Jeremiah 31:36-37)

The stars cannot be counted (Genesis 15:5, Jeremiah 33:22)

The seas lie in one bed (Genesis 1:9-10)

There are paths in the seas (Psalm 8:8)

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More examplesMore examples

Knowledge of medical science “seed of a woman” needed to

reproduce (Genesis 3:15) Life is in the blood (Genesis 9:4)

Knowledge of health science “clean” and “unclean” food (Leviticus 11) Eating of blood forbidden (Leviticus 17:12-14) Laws on hygiene (Leviticus 13-14, Deuteronomy 23:12-14)

How did they know?

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Archaeology & the Archaeology & the BibleBible

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Importance of Bible HistoryImportance of Bible History

Bible not a history book, but based on actual historical events and settings to bring forth spiritual lessons

Importance of historical accuracy: if Bible history is inaccurate, can Bible theology be accurate?

Hence, accuracy of Bible history is an important evidence leading to faith

Several important archaeological findings since the 1950’s, verify the Bible historical record

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Bible ArchaeologyBible Archaeology

Bible Archaeology: “A study based on the excavation, decipherment and critical evaluation of the records of the past as they affect the Bible”

Not an exact science - tend to be fragmented, disjointed, and subject to interpretation - but reveals evidences to support the accuracy of the Bible record

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Value of Bible HistoryValue of Bible History

Proved to be an important and valuable source of information to archaeologists

Provides clues to successful archaeological expeditions

Existence of characters and peoples

Existence of places, cities, nations - at the precise locations recorded in the Bible

Occurrence of events

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Archaeological AccuracyArchaeological Accuracy

Where Bible historical accounts have been disbelieved, archaeological findings have proven their accuracy

Where archaeological findings appear to contradict the Bible record, the latter has been vindicated over time

Although not a historical record, Bible Bible historical accuracyhistorical accuracy has not been disproved in all this time.

Why?

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ExamplesExamples

In 1906, the Hittite nation was discovered - now extensive proof of its existence

In 1922, Ur was discovered

In 1930, discovered record of Jehoiachin as a prisoner

In 1931, the Nuzi tablets were discovered dating back to 1500 BC and confirmed several customs in Bible times

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ExamplesExamples

In 1975, the Ebla tablets were discovered and in it were the names of Sodom & Gomorrah

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Accuracy of Bible HistoryAccuracy of Bible History

Luke set out to “to write to you an orderly orderly accountaccount, . . . that you may know the certainty of those things in which you were instructed” (Luke 1:3-4)

Luke was determined to record the events accurately so that readers may know for sure what happened

In order for this objective to be met, there must not be any single doubt over the accuracy of the record

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Bible History is TrustworthyBible History is Trustworthy

William Ramsey, noted historian and archaeologist, set out to disprove the historical events in Luke,

Did not believe Augustus ordered a census Not necessary for man to return to his own city

for such a census Not necessary for other family members to

accompany the husband

Concluded at the end, “Luke’s history is unsurpassed in trustworthiness”

Not just Luke but the entire Bible!

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The Bible is ReliableThe Bible is Reliable

“On the whole, however, archaeological work has unquestionably strengthened confidence in the reliability of the Scriptural record. More than one archaeologist has found his respect for the Bible increased by the experience of excavation in Palestine. Archaeology has in many cases refuted the views of modern critics.” (Millar Burrows, Yale University)

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The Unity of the BibleThe Unity of the Bible

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Diversity in the BibleDiversity in the Bible

A compilation of 66 different books

Written by 40 authors

Written over time span of 1,600 years

Written in 3 different languages - Hebrew, Aramaic, Greek

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Diversity in the BibleDiversity in the Bible

Authors come from several cultures, different nations (although all Jews) in different times

Authors come from different economic strata - king, physician, tax collector, fisherman, scholar

Authors wrote under very different circumstances - from prisons, from mountain-tops, from captivity

Yet, . . . . . .

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Unity in ThemeUnity in Theme

There is one central unifying themeone central unifying theme from the beginning to the end

The spiritual fall of man, God’s plan to redeem him through Jesus Christ and the restoration of man at the end of all things

Knowledge of very difficult subjects which cannot be gained through observation or experimentation - can only come through revelation

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Unity in StructureUnity in Structure

Major division in the Bible - the Old and New Testament - complement each other

“The New is in the Old concealed; the Old is in the New revealed”

Complete harmony amongst all its parts

“In its structure, the Bible is a unit, each part interlaced with and interpreted by the other parts, so that every part is necessary for a complete understanding of the whole.” (Floyd Hamilton)

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A Conspiracy?A Conspiracy?

How is the unity of the Bible possible in the face of diversity?

Through a conspiracy or collusion of its writers? Even if it is a non-deliberate one?

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The Conspiracy TheoryThe Conspiracy Theory

How can a consistent conspiracy spring forth from the diverse circumstances

behind the origin of the Bible? How can a credible unified tale be spun across 16 centuries, involving 40 conspirators from different background and cultures?

The subject matter: difficult enough to get two to agree on secular subjects, much less a unified faith of considerable complexity cutting across the diversity

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The Conspiracy TheoryThe Conspiracy Theory

Has human conspiracy ever produced such a highly influential work with such enduring results?

Consider the contradiction and irony for a work of human conspiracy to inspire millions to aspire to a most high standard of morals and ethics

Conspiracy not only highly improbable - it is impossible!

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Unusual StyleUnusual Style

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Noted for brevitybrevity - so unlike other books of human origins

2,500 years of history recorded in only 50 chapters in the book of Genesis

A most notable miracle of the opening of the Red Sea recorded in only two verses

No detail of the childhood of Jesus Christ

No description of what Jesus looked like

No account of how the apostles died

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An impartial recordimpartial record - the faults of the major characters were recorded and not omitted to be hidden and forgotten

There is calm in the writingscalm in the writings over great emotional events such as the crucifixion of Christ and His resurrection

There is simplicitysimplicity that can be understood by the less intellectual, yet also great great depthdepth requiring scholars to fathom

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Why the unusual style?

The Bible is not a history book although it is historically accurate

The Bible is concerned with spiritual lessons and focuses on these

The Bible is not of human origins but written under the guidance of God - hence, the style is distinctly unlike other books by man

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The Endurance of the The Endurance of the BibleBible

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The Test of TimeThe Test of Time

And he said to them: “Men of Israel, take heed to yourselves what you intend to do regarding these men. For some time ago Theudas rose up, claiming to be somebody. A number of men, about four hundred, joined him. He was slain, and all who obeyed him were scattered and came to nothing. After this man, Judas of Galilee rose up in the days of the census, and drew away many people after him. He also perished, and all who obeyed him were dispersed. And now I say to you, keep away from these men and let them alone; for if this plan or this work is of men, it will come to for if this plan or this work is of men, it will come to nothing; but if it is of God, you cannot overthrow it -- lest nothing; but if it is of God, you cannot overthrow it -- lest you even be found to fight against God.you even be found to fight against God.” (Acts 5:35-39)

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The Test of TimeThe Test of Time

Has the Bible withstood the test of time?

2000 years is enough time for this question to be answered concerning the Bible. 3600 years if measured from the first book in the Bible.

Especially when its history involves several turbulent events that threaten it with extinction

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An Indestructible BookAn Indestructible Book

Countless attempts to destroy the Bible

King Jehoaikim tried but failed (Jeremiah 36)

Antiochus Epiphanes IV was recorded in 1 Macabees 1:27-28 as having tried to destroy the Bible

Roman emperor Diocletian commanded all Bibles to be burnt in March 303 AD

The Roman Catholic church unsuccessfully tried to suppress the reading of the Bible

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Modern Day ThreatsModern Day Threats

More intellectual than physical

Faith in the Bible challenged by modernists just as they challenge the existence of God

Doubts cast by Bible scholars engaged in reductionism and higher criticism

Including doubts about how the Bible has changed over the centuries

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Modern Day ThreatsModern Day Threats

“Atheists can’t wait to prove the whole thing is a fairy tale.”(Time magazine)

Voltaire predicted its eventual demise in 1750 - his house was bought over and turned into a printing press for the Bible!

“A thousand times, the death knell of the Bible has been sounded, the funeral procession formed, the inscription cut on the

tombstone,and the committal read. But somehow the corpse never stays put.” (Bernard Ramm)

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Well-preservedWell-preserved

Critics claim the Bible has evolved overthe millenniums

Over 5,000 Greek and 10,000 Latin manuscripts of the Bible exist today - many of these prove the Bible has been well-preserved in its original accuracy

36,000 quotations used in letters and literature written by the early church show we have the same form as they had nearly 2,000 years ago

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Dead Sea Scrolls, discovered in 1947, reveal:

The Old Testament in the form we have today to be well preserved in accuracy over all these millenniums - minor transcription differences (5%) in book of Isaiah that do not alter the meaning

The books in the OT correspond to what we have today, except for Esther (and the Apocrypha)

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“We can now be sure that copyists

worked with great care and

accuracy on the Old Testament. . . . . Indeed,

it would be rash skepticism that would now

deny that we have our Old Testament in a

form very close to that used by Ezra when he

taught the Law to those who had returned

from the Babylonian captivity.” (R Laird Harris)

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Which book of human origin is so enduring?

Ancient literary works of human origin only has a handful of manuscripts preserved

“There is no body of ancient literature in the world which enjoys such a wealth of good textual attestation as the New Testament.” (Dr F F Bruce, Professor of Biblical Criticism and Exegesis)

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The Word Lives OnThe Word Lives On

Remains a worldwide best-seller

The most translated book - 1,700 languages

Credibility strengthened and not weakened by critics

“The word of the Lord endures forever.”

(1 Peter 1:25)

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The Influence of the The Influence of the BibleBible

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The Power of InfluenceThe Power of Influence

“If a man could write a book on

Ethics which really was a book on

Ethics, this book would, with an

explosion destroy all the books in

the world.” (Ludwig

Wittgenstein, philosopher, “Lecture on Ethics”,

who did not believe in the Bible but knew that

man cannot define moral absolutes on his own)

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Its Influence on NationsIts Influence on Nations

God’s laws in the Bible have been adopted as the basis of the civil law in several countries

Contrast with societies that have not based their moral standards or civil laws on Bible principles

It has in general guided man to higher moral standards, and whenever adopted, has produced positive influence on society

Contrast with times and generations that have chosen to ignore its teachings

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Its Influence on LivesIts Influence on Lives

Dramatic 180o changes in lives

Saul to Paul

Augustine

Martin Luther

John Newton

Leo Tolstoy

C S Lewis

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Widespread & Lasting Widespread & Lasting InfluenceInfluence

A global best seller that is the most widely translated bookmost widely translated book

Which book of human origin has been so widely read?

The only book that has had such major impact on mankindmajor impact on mankind - even until today

Which book of human origins has had such a widespread and long-lasting influencewidespread and long-lasting influence?

Why?Why?

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The Living WordThe Living Word

“For the word of God is living

and powerful, and sharper

than any two-edged sword,

piercing even to the division

of soul and spirit, and of joints

and marrow, and is a discerner

of the thoughts and intents

of the heart.” (Hebrews 4:12)

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The Prophetic WordThe Prophetic Word

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Prophecies in the BibleProphecies in the Bible

Study by J Barton Payne (1973)

Old Testament contains 1,239 predictions out of 6,641 verses (18.7%)

New Testament contains 578 predictions out of 1,711 verses (33.8%)

Total: 1,817 predictions out of 8,352 (21.7% i.e. 1 out of every 5 verses!)

Significant percentage an indication ofthe importance of prophecies in the Bible

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Prophecies in the BibleProphecies in the Bible

Foretelling events before their occurrence, sometimes hundreds or thousands of years in advance:

“For I am God, and there is no other; I am God, and there is none like Me, Declaring the end from the beginning, And from ancient times things that are not yet done,” (Isaiah 46:9-10)

“Now I tell you before it comes, that when it does come to pass, you may believe that I am He” (John 13:19)

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Evidence of the Divine WorkEvidence of the Divine Work

Controversial because they make a very strong evidence of a supernatural divine work

Common objections: too vague and written after the fact

“Who has declared this from ancient time? Who has told it from that time? Have not I, the LORD? And there is no other God besides Me, A just God and a

Savior; There is none besides Me.” (Isaiah 45:21)

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The “Prophecies” of ManThe “Prophecies” of Man

Nostradamus’ “prediction” of the assassination of John F Kennedy and Robert Kennedy:

“The great man will be struck down in the day by a thunderbolt,

The evil deed predicted by the bearer of a petition,

According to the prediction another falls at night time.

Conflict in Reims, London, and pestilence at Tuscany.”

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The Prophecies of GodThe Prophecies of God

Specific in word concerning the event so that there is no room for doubt No riddles Not obscure references Not ambiguous and open to interpretation Can be understood by people (Jeremiah

28:9)

Very unlike the “prophecies” of man, eg. those of Nostradamus

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The Prophecies of GodThe Prophecies of GodConsider the prophecy of the restoration of Judah 150 years before the event:

Who says to Jerusalem, “You shall be inhabited,” To the cities of Judah, “You shall be built,” And I will raise up her waste places; Who says to the deep, “Be dry! And I will dry up your rivers”; Who says of Cyrus, “He is My shepherd, And he shall perform all My pleasure, Saying to Jerusalem, “You shall be built,” And to the temple, “Your foundation shall be laid.” (Isaiah 44:26-28)

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The Work of GodThe Work of God

Characteristics of Divine Prophecies

Prophecies not the result of man’s collusion - concern events that were way beyond the control or influence of the prophets who spoke, so that they had no influence to bring about its outcome

Specific details provided so as to be unmistakable when fulfilled

Many prophecies can be dated to documents that leave no doubt they were not written after the fact

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Some prophecies of world Some prophecies of world historyhistory

The formation of the Ishmaelite (Arab) nation (Genesis 21:12-13)

Cyrus, king of the Medo-Persian empire under whom God would restore the nation of Judah (Isaiah 44:28-45:1)

The destruction of Tyre (Ezekiel 26)

The advent of four great empires that would dominate the world (Daniel 7:2-3)

The rise of the Greek empire under Alexander the Great, and its division into four parts (Daniel 11:2-4)

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Prophecies concerning ChristProphecies concerning Christ

Over 200 prophecies concerning Christ in the Bible

Many address detailed specifics leaving no doubt of the actual event when they occurred (cf those of Nostradamus)

Prophecies concern His birth His life His death

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Purpose of God’s PropheciesPurpose of God’s Prophecies

Not to invite speculation of the future, but divine:

To demonstrate the divine origin of the word (Isaiah 48:3,5)

To lend authority to the prophet speaking (Jeremiah 28:9)

To establish faith (John 13:19)

“There is only one real inevitability: it is necessary that Scripture must be fulfilled.”(Carl F Henry)

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Human or Divine?Human or Divine?

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Human or Divine Origin?Human or Divine Origin?How can these things be if the Bible is of human origins?

Intuitive Arguments Scientific Foreknowledge Archaeological Accuracy Unity Unusual style of writing Endurance Influence Prophecy

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Not a single errorNot a single error

The Bible has yet to be proven wrong or contradictory in even one single point

Conclusion of men who have investigated deeply into discrepancies, alleged errors, contradictions, etc: Dr Gleason L Archer Dr Robert Dick Wilson John Warwick Montgomery John W Haley Dr William Arndt

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Human or Divine Origin?Human or Divine Origin?

Very ironical - and deceptive - for a book to challenge the world to such a demanding moral standard, and wield such a great influence on mankind for so many millenniums, if it turns out to be based on fables and cleverly devised lies, no matter how well intentioned the authors were.

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Christ & the BibleChrist & the Bible

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The Source of TruthThe Source of Truth

Christ recognised the authority of Scriptures as the source of absolute truth (Mark 12:24)

Christ repeatedly quoted Scriptures (Matthew 4:4, 7, 10, 11:10, 21:13, 26:31, John 6:45)

Christ quoted Scriptures as He hung dying on the Cross (Matthew 27:46 cf Psalm 22:1, Luke 23:46 cf Psalm 31:5)

Christ used Scriptures to explain His work (Luke 24:27)

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Its Authority as LawIts Authority as Law

Christ upheld the teachings of the Old Law (Matthew 22:37-40)

Christ upheld every tiny detail of the Old Testament (Matthew 5:17-19)

He affirmed that Scriptures contains no error - even the slightest detail is correct and must be fulfilled

Christ appealed to Scriptures as Law (John 10:34)

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Its Historical AccuracyIts Historical Accuracy

Christ considered Adam & Eve to be historical persons (Matthew 19:4-5)

Christ considered the Flood to be a real event (Matthew 24:37-39)

Christ believed in Moses and the provision of heavenly manna (John 6:31-32)

Christ believed in the account of Jonah being swallowed by a large fish and in the repentance of Nineveh at his preaching (Matthew 12:39-41)

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The Inevitability of The Inevitability of Scriptures Scriptures

Christ upheld all the Old Testament prophecies (Luke 18:31-33, Luke 22:37, Matthew 26:24, 53-56, Luke 24:25-26, 46-47, John 5:39, 46-47, 13:18)

Christ affirmed that Scriptures cannot be broken (John 6:35)

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ImplicationsImplications

Since Christ treated the Old Testament Scriptures as the inerrant word of God:

Should we not do likewise?

Should we not accord the same to the New Testament?

If we do these, what then is our response to God’s revelations contained in the Bible?

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ChoicesChoices

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Warnings concerning Warnings concerning rejectionrejection

“He who rejects Me, and does not receive My words, has that which judges him -- the word that I have spoken will judge him in the last day.” (John 12:48)

“Hear, O earth! Behold, I will certainly bring calamity on this people -- The fruit of their thoughts, Because they have not heeded My words, Nor My law, but rejected it.” (Jeremiah 6:19)

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Warnings concerning Warnings concerning rejectionrejection

“How shall we escape if we neglect so

great a salvation, which at the first

began to be spoken by the Lord, and was

confirmed to us by those who heard

Him, God also bearing witness both

with signs and wonders, with various

miracles, and gifts of the Holy Spirit,

according to His own will?” (Hebrews 2:3-4)

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Human or Divine Origin?Human or Divine Origin?

Whether you believe the Bible depends on which paradigm you choose. If you believe in God, you can believe that God communicates His will to man. Which paradigm do you choose?

Atheism GOD

Cunningly devised Inspired word of fables God

Your eternal future depends on your choice!Your eternal future depends on your choice!

1 Is the Bible the Word of God?. 2 References § Scientific Evidences of the Bible’s Inspiration...

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