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Introduction toSafety Management

April 2006

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ObjectiveObjective

The objective of this presentation is to highlight some of the basic elements of Safety Management.

Three important aspects will be considered:

The ICAO provisions and guidelines related to Safety Management

What is Safety – and how do we perceive it? The Concept of Safety Management

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SAFETY MANAGEMENT – SAFETY MANAGEMENT – BASELINEBASELINE

The provision in ICAO Annex 11 The provision in ICAO Annex 13 The provision in ICAO Annex 14 PANS-ATM doc 4444 (chapter 2) Draft ICAO Safety Management Manual

(Doc 9859) Integra’s experience in Safety

Management Internationally available standards and

guidelines

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ICAO PROVISIONSICAO PROVISIONS

Annex 11, Section 2.26.1: States shall implement systematic and appropriate

ATS safety management programmes to ensure that safety is maintained in the provision of ATS within airspaces and at aerodromes.

Annex 11, Section 2.26.2: As of 27 November 2003, the acceptable level of

safety and safety objectives applicable to the provision of ATS within airspaces and at aerodromes shall be established by the State or States concerned.

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ICAO PROVISIONSICAO PROVISIONS

Annex 11, Section 2.26.4: An ATS safety management programme shall:

Identify actual and potential hazards and determine the need for remedial action;

Ensure that remedial action necessary to maintain an acceptable level of safety is implemented; and

provide for continuous monitoring and regular assessment of the safety level achieved.

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ICAO PROVISIONSICAO PROVISIONS

Annex 11, Section 2.26.5: Any significant safety-related change to the ATM

system, including the implementation of a reduced vertical separation minimum or a new procedure, shall only be effected after a safety assessment has demonstrated that an acceptable level of safety will be met and users have been consulted.

When appropriate, the responsible authority shall ensure that adequate provision is made for post-implementation monitoring to verify that the defined level of safety continues to be met

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ICAO PROVISIONS (PANS-ATM DOC ICAO PROVISIONS (PANS-ATM DOC 4444)4444)

Doc 4444, Section 2.6.1.1: A safety assessment shall be carried out in respect of

proposals for significant airspace reorganizations, for significant changes in the provision of ATS procedures applicable to an airspace or an aerodrome, and for the introduction of new equipment, systems or facilities, such as:

A reduced separation minimum to be applied within an airspace or at an aerodrome;

A new operating procedure, including departure and arrival procedures, to be applied within an airspace or at an aerodrome;

A reorganization of the ATS route structure; A resectorization of an airspace; Physical changes to the layout of runways and/or taxiways at an

aerodrome; and Implementation of new communications, surveillance or other

safety-significant systems and equipment, including those providing new functionality and/or capabilities;

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ICAO PROVISIONS (PANS-ATM DOC ICAO PROVISIONS (PANS-ATM DOC 4444)4444)

Doc 4444, Section 2.5: Safety reviews of ATS units shall be conducted on a regular

and systematic basis by personnel qualified…. The scope of ATS unit safety reviews should include at least

the following issues: Communications, navigation, surveillance and other safety

significant systems and equipment: Are tested for normal operations on a routine basis; Meet the required level of reliability and availability as

defined by the appropriate authority; Provide for the timely and appropriate detection and warning

of system failures and degradations; Include documentation on the consequences of system, sub-

system and equipment failures and degradations; Include measures to control the probability of failures and

degradations; and Detailed records of systems and equipment serviceability are

kept and periodically reviewed.

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ICAO PROVISIONS (Annex 14)ICAO PROVISIONS (Annex 14)

Annex 14 – Aerodromes Chapter 1.3.6

As of 24 November 2005, a certified aerodrome shall have in operation a safety management system.

Safety Management System A system for the management of safety at

aerodromes, including the organizational structure, responsibilities, procedures, processes and provisions for the implementation of aerodromes safety policies by an aerodrome operator, which provides for control of safety at, and the safe use of, the aerodrome.

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ATM SYSTEM (DEFINITION)ATM SYSTEM (DEFINITION)

People Equipment

Procedures

SeniorManagement

ATCOs

Support

Engineers

Maintenance Operating

Surveillance

Communication

Navaids

Information

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SafetySafety

What is Safety?Why do we do it?

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DefinitionsDefinitions

Safety: A condition in which the risk of harm or damage

is limited to an acceptable level Safety Management System

A system for the management of safety including the organizational structure, responsibilities, procedures, processes and provisions for the implementation of the safety policies in order to provide for the control of safety

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DefinitionsDefinitions

Risk The probable rate of occurrence of a hazard

causing harm and the degree of severity of the harm:

Risk = Severity * Probability

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THE CONCEPT OF SAFETY THE CONCEPT OF SAFETY MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT

Philosophy of Safety

Management

Philosophy of Safety

Management

SafetyMonitoring

SafetyAssessment

SafetyAuditing

SafetyPromotion

SafetyPolicy

Supportingorganizationalrequirement

Maintenance orImprovement

of SafetyPerformance

Safety Management

Safety Culture

Safety Culture

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Philosophy of Safety Philosophy of Safety ManagementManagement

Explicit

Systematic

Proactive

Philosophy of Safety

Management

Philosophy of Safety

Management

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Safety PolicySafety Policy

Overall safety objective of the organization Commitment of senior management to meet safety

performance targets Commitment by the organization to a proactive and

systematic approach to the management of safety Commitment by the organization to making

maintenance of safety its highest priority The organization’s policy concerning responsibility

and accountability for safety at all levels of the organization

SafetyPolicy

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Safety CultureSafety Culture

Managers in top positions foster a climate with a positive attitude towards criticism, comments and feedback from lower level of the organization

Awareness of the importance of communicating relevant safety information at all levels of the organization is present;

Low incidence of risk taking behavior and a safety ethic discouraging such behavior.

Safety Culture

Safety Culture

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Safety MonitoringSafety Monitoring

Specify Safety Performance Indicators Set Safety Performance Targets Develop & implement appropriate data

collection procedures Safety Occurrence Reporting & Investigation System

Develop and implement monitoring processes

SafetyMonitoring

SafetyAssessment

SafetyAuditing

SafetyPromotion

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Safety MonitoringSafety MonitoringOccurrence Reporting and Investigation Occurrence Reporting and Investigation

SystemSystem

Establishment of reporting culture

Mandatory/Voluntary

Non-punitive

Just Culture

SafetyMonitoring

SafetyAssessment

SafetyAuditing

SafetyPromotion

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Safety AssessmentSafety Assessment

Seven step approach

Develop complete description of the system and of the environment in which the system is to be operated

Identification of hazards Estimation of severity of potential consequences Estimate of likelihood of hazard occurring Evaluation of risk Mitigation of risk Development of safety assessment documentation

SafetyMonitoring

SafetyAssessment

SafetyAuditing

SafetyPromotion

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Safety AuditingSafety Auditing

Ensure that risks are identified and the potential for causing or contributing to an incident are recognized

Ensure that the “health” of the safety management system

Ensure that adequate arrangements exist to handle foreseeable emergencies

Ensure that equipment performance is adequate for the safety performance

Ensure that effective arrangements exist for promoting safety, monitoring safety performance and processing safety issues

SafetyMonitoring

SafetyAssessment

SafetyAuditing

SafetyPromotion

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Safety PromotionSafety Promotion

Promulgation of Safety Management

Lesson Dissemination

Continuous awareness campaigns on safety management

SafetyMonitoring

SafetyAssessment

SafetyAuditing

SafetyPromotion

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Supporting Organizational Supporting Organizational RequirementsRequirements

Responsibility and accountability

Safety Manager / Safety Organization

Training and competency of personnel

Safety documentation

Supportingorganizationalrequirement

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Safety CultureSafety Culture

Managers in top positions foster a climate with a positive attitude towards criticism, comments and feedback from lower level of the organization

Awareness of the importance of communicating relevant safety information at all levels of the organization is present

Low incidence of risk taking behavior and a safety ethic discouraging such behavior

Safety Culture

Safety Culture

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Safety RegulatoryFramework

WHAT IS A SAFETY WHAT IS A SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM?MANAGEMENT SYSTEM?

Policy Procedures, Instructions

and Practices Safety Monitoring Safety Assessment Safety Auditing Safety Promotion

Safety Organisation

Safety Management Manual

Safety Management Manual