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Introduction to Energy Technology

Hsin Chu (Albert), Ph.D.

Distinguished ProfessorNational Cheng Kung University

Energy and Environment

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Distinguished Professor & DirectorNational Cheng Kung UniversityDepartment of Environmental Engineering & Division of Academic Services1 University RoadTainan 70101TaiwanTel: 886-6-2080108Fax: 886-6-2752790E-mail: chuhsin@mail.ncku.edu.twWeb: http://myweb.ncku.edu.tw/~chuhsin/

EXPERIENCENational Cheng Kung University, Department of Environmental EngineeringDistinguished Professor, August 2006 ~National Cheng Kung University, Department of Environmental EngineeringProfessor, August, 2001~ July, 2006National Cheng Kung University, Department of Environmental EngineeringAssociate Professor, August 1991 ~ July, 2001Industrial Technology Research Institute, Energy & Resources LaboratoriesManager, July 1989 ~ July 1991Industrial Technology Research Institute, Energy & Resources LaboratoriesAssistant Manager, March 1989 ~ June 1989Industrial Technology Research Institute, Energy & Resources LaboratoriesResearch Engineer, March 1988 ~ February 1989 　　

EDUCATION Northwestern University, USAPh.D. in Environmental Health Engineering, February, 1988National Taiwan University, TaiwanM.S. in Environmental Engineering, June 1982National Taiwan University, Taiwan B.S. in Civil Engineering, June 1978

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能源與環境的關聯能源與環境的關聯水高耗水高廢水溫排水

土壤礦坑地形廢棄物污染地下水傳輸

空氣SO2

NOX

VOCs

Particulates

O3

CO2

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空氣污染源空氣污染源1. 固定污染源 ※燃料燃燒 ※製程污染2. 移動污染源 ※交通工具3. 營建工程4. 露天燃燒5. 室內空氣污染

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粒狀污染物粒狀污染物離子：太陽、宇宙輻射80% ＜ 0.05 μ m清潔的空氣： 5-6 分污染的空氣：數秒而已

Aitken 核＜ 0.1 μ m海水蒸發、塵暴、火山爆發、森林大火

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粒狀污染物粒狀污染物較大顆粒＞ 0.1 μm燃燒核、懸浮的土壤

生物性粒狀物花粉、微生物、昆蟲

放射性粒狀物自然界、核子反應爐、核子武器

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台灣最終能源消費結構的扭曲台灣最終能源消費結構的扭曲(%) 1990 年 2000 年電力 40.1 48.6

天然氣 2.9 3.1

石油 44.2 37.3

煤 12.8 10.7

電力：能源效率最差的一項。

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台灣電力結構的扭曲台灣電力結構的扭曲(%) 1990 年 2000 年

天然氣 4.4 12.7

石油 28.2 15.2

煤 21.8 23.3

水力 12.7 12.7

核能 30.4 14.8

*IPP 0.0 6.5

* 部份用天然氣

•天然氣資源寶貴且乾淨，宜多用在民生初級能源，發電之能源效率差 !

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車用觸媒轉化器

替代動力1. LPG 2. CNG3. Methanol 4. Electric

Exhaust ReductionCatalysts

MixingOxidationCatalysts Effluent

Air

NO→N2

Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh, Co, Ni, CuCuO, CuCrO4

H2

CO→CO2, H2OHCCo3O4, MnO2, CuO,Fe2O3, Cu2O3, NiO, V2O5

CoO ． Cr2O3

PbMTBE

Nowadays: TWC

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Global Climate Global Climate ChangeChangeA. For Stratospheric Ozone Layer

1. Montreal Protocol (25 Governments) Signed in Sept. 1987 (Including Kenya, Mexico, Uganda) Ratified in Jan. 1989 CFCs (-11, -12, -113, -114, -115) 50% Reduction From 1986 Levels by 1999 Halon (Halocarbons) (-1211, -1301, -2402) Freeze at 1986 Levels by 1992

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Global Climate Global Climate ChangeChange

2. Helsinki Meeting (80 Governments) Signed in May 1989 Completely Phase Out CFCs by 2000

3. Completely Phased Out CFCs in 1996

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Global Climate Global Climate ChangeChangeB. NOx Protocol (25 Governments)

Signed in Nov. 1989 Ratified by only 9 Governments Freeze at 1987 Levels by 1995

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Global Climate Global Climate ChangeChange

C. CO2 Protocol

1. June, 1992 Rio, Brazil

Freeze at 1990 level by 2000 (Proposed) 25% Reduction from 1990 level by 2005

2. December, 1997 Kyoto, Japan (Signed) 5.2% Reduction from 1990 level by 2008-2012

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COCO22 Emissions Emissions MitigationMitigation1. Increase Generating Efficiency

IGCCFuel CellsCogeneration

2. End-Use EfficiencyEER

3. Shifting Fuels: CH4

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COCO22 Emissions Emissions MitigationMitigation4. CO2 Scrubbing: Expensive

Food Processing (CO2 Liquefaction) Oil Recovery Sequestering in the deep ocean

5. Switching to Non-Fossil Energy

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二氧化碳減量之可行技術二氧化碳減量之可行技術

化學吸收 CO2

藻類再生化學吸收劑(1) 產出富含能量可當燃料之藻類(2) 或富含蛋白質可當健康食品之藻類(3) 或富含產氫酵素可產氫氣之藻類

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與環境共存之能源利用與環境共存之能源利用能源效率： IGCC 等能源節約：生活樸實等能源再生：太陽能等