1 INTRODUCTION & LESSON ONE Latin Morpheme Lessons, Alene H. Harris, Ph.D. © 2010.

1

INTRODUCTION

&

LESSON ONE

Latin Morpheme Lessons, Alene H. Harris, Ph.D. © 2010.

2Latin Morphemes

Introduction

You think you have no idea what it means – and are not sure if being called this is a compliment or an insult. But once you know/remember the following, you can figure it out.

E- =

BEN =

LOQU =

-OUS =You ask, “Is it a REAL word?” It is if enough people use it.

For example, take the word

So --


In the English language, big words are often made up of small word parts, called morphemes, that come from other languages – especially Latin.

When you know – or remember – the meanings of these small word parts, you can unlock the meaning of some real jawbreakers.

You probably have some of this morpheme knowledge “asleep” in your brain – all you need to do is “wake it up.”

(You know that if something is beneficial, it is good for you…)good

(You know that “to elongate” is to make very long...)very

speak(This one may be new to you…)

full of(You know “famous” is full of fame, “gracious” is full of grace…)

3

Some morphemes are “place bound” – that is, some are prefixes and always come at the beginning of a word (for example the morpheme “pre-”)

and others are suffixes and always come at the end (for example the morpheme “-ous”). Still others, known as roots, can come anywhere in a

word, and these can have prefixes and suffixes attached to them.

NOTE: In figuring out the meaning of a word, IF it has a suffix, start by saying the suffix meaning and then go back to the beginning and work down.

Latin Morphemes

Introduction

E- =

BEN =

LOQU =

-OUS=

very

good

speak

full of

If there is no suffix, start with the first root – e.g., ebenloqu would be

very good speaking.

(speaking)


4

Some morphemes are “place bound” – that is, some are prefixes and always come at the beginning of a word (for example the morpheme “pre-”)

and others are suffixes and always come at the end (for example the morpheme “-ous”). Still others, known as roots, can come anywhere in a

word, and these can have prefixes and suffixes attached to them.

In each lesson, you’ll start by taking notes on some Latin roots, then add prefixes and suffixes.

Latin Morphemes

Introduction

Turn to page 4 in your Student Book and prepare to take notes on Latin Morphemes Lesson 1 Notes.


5

Our first Latin root in Lesson One is a morpheme that has two forms: DICT, DICAT.

Now think -- what words do you already know that have DICT or DICAT in them?

What do these words have in common?

On page 4 of your Student Book, write the morpheme meanings.

Roots

1. dict; dicat =

DICTATION or DICTATOR or DEDICATE

Chances are you probably thought of the word

Speaking words for someone to write down; a person who tells everyone else what to do; to set

something apart for a special use...

speak; proclaim; set apart

So DICT and DICAT means...

Latin Morphemes – Lesson One – Notes

Part One: NOTES - Figuring out what you already know...


6

Our next Latin root in Lesson One is the morpheme DUC.

Now think -- what words do you already know that have DUC in them?


INTRODUCE or tear DUCT or INDUCE.

Chances are you probably thought of the words

To bring something/someone new into a setting, a tube through which tears travel, to persuade...

Roots

1. dict; dicat = speak; proclaim; set apart

2. duc =

So DUC means...

lead




7

Roots


2. duc = lead

3. equ =


So EQU means...

Now think -- what words do you already know

with EQU in them?

EQUAL EQUATIONEQUATOR EQUALITY



equal; fair

Our next Latin root in Lesson One is the morpheme EQU.

Divides the earth into two equal halves


8

Our next Latin root is GARRUL.Roots


2. duc = lead

3. equ = equal; fair

4. garrul =

Perhaps you have heard the word “GARRULOUS”?

This one is not so obvious – but a mental trick may help you remember it.

chatter; talk

The morpheme “garrul” is full of R’s, and a garrulous person

RRRRRuns on at the mouth....



And GARRUL means...


9

Roots


2. duc = lead


4. garrul = chatter; talk

5. ig; ag =

Our next Latin root has tow forms: IG and AG.

do; drive; act

And so IG and AG mean...



Here are two IG word you may have heard:

BENIGN and MALIGNANT.

These are words a doctor uses to give results

of a cell biopsy to determine if a growth is

cancerous or not, and they literally describe

what the cells are doing – how they act.


And is something AGITATES you, bothers

you to the point that it drives you

to do something.

10

Roots


2. duc = lead



5. ig; ag = do; drive; act

6. locat =

Our next Latin root is LOCAT.

What word immediately pops into your mind with LOCAT?

place

LOCATION

And a “location” is a __?__.

So LOCAT mean...




11

Our next Latin root is LOQU.

So LOQU means...

Put the letter “e” in front of it, and what word comes to mind?

ELOQUENT

What is “eloquent” used to describe?

If you are being “eloquent,” what are you doing?



Roots


2. duc = lead




6. locat = place

7. loqu = speak


12

Our next Latin root is MAGN.

So MAGN means...

Now think -- what words do you already know

with MAGN in them?

MAGNIFICIENT

MAGNANIMOUS

MAGNIFY


To make larger, an adjective meaning great, to be forgiving and generous in a grand sort of way...



Roots


2. duc = lead




6. locat = place

7. loqu = speak

8. magn = great; large


Y

13

Our next Latin root is SOLI.

So SOLI means...

Now think -- what card game do you know with SOLI in the name?

SOLITAIRE

And how do you play solitaire?



Roots


2. duc = lead




6. locat = place

7. loqu = speak


9. soli = alone; only

You play it alone – there is only you with the cards.


14

Our last Latin root is VOC.

So VOC means...

Now think -- what words do you know with VOC in them?


Spoken, words you know, a job that is your special calling...



Roots


2. duc = lead




6. locat = place

7. loqu = speak



10.voc = voice; call

VOCABULARY

VOCATION

VOCAL


15Latin Morphemes – Lesson One – Notes


Roots


2. duc = lead




6. locat = place

7. loqu = speak



10.voc = voice; call

Now we have the set of Latin roots for Lesson One.

Next we go to prefixes.

Prefixes

11. Latin Morpheme Lessons, Alene H. Harris, Ph.D. © 2010.

16

Now we are ready to take notes on a set of prefixes.

As you write each one, add a dash after the prefix to remind you that this is where you add roots – following the prefix.

So BEN- means...

Now think -- what words do you

already know that have

the prefix BEN– in them?

10. voc = voice; call

Prefixes

11. ben– =

What do the three words have in common?

A verb meaning to do good for, a blessing, and harmless...

The first Latin prefix in Lesson One is the morpheme BEN–.

BENEDICTION BENIGN BENEFIT

good




17

Our next Latin prefix is DE–.

This one has several related meanings. Again, what words do

you know...


To go down or become less, to take away from, to reduce or

scale down, something that reduces nasal swelling...

DE– means...




Prefixes

11. ben– = good

12. de– = down; from; away; very

DEDUCT

DECLINE

DECONGESTANT

DE-ESCALATE


18

Our next Latin prefix has two forms of IN– and IM– .

This one has two very different meanings. You just have to figure out which meaning to use. Again,

what words do you know...

The italicized words have one of the meanings and the plain words have the other meaning.

To breathe in, to close in, to show someone is involved in a wrongdoing ...

Not consistent, not appropriate, not divided.

The prefixes IN–, IM–, and EN– mean...




Prefixes

11. ben– = good


13. in–; im– = in; not


ENCLOSE

INCRIMINATE

INSPIRE

IMPLICATE

INAPPROPRIATE

INDIVIDUAL

INCONSISTENT

IMPOSSIBLE

19

Our next Latin prefix has two forms of INTRO– and INTRA–.

What words do you know with the prefixes INTRO– or INTRA–?

The prefixes INTRO– and INTRA-– mean...




Prefixes

11. ben– = good



14. intro–; intra– = within

INTRAMURAL

INTRODUCE


To present or lead within, games played literally within the walls of a single school...


20

The next Latin prefix is MAL–.

What words do you know with MAL– at the beginning?


Badly adjusted, ill will, with evil intent...

The prefix MAL– means...




Prefixes

11. ben– = good




15. mal– = bad; ill

MALIGNANT

MALICIOUS

MALADJUSTED


21

The last Latin prefix in this lesson has two forms: PRE– and PRO–.

What words do you know with PRE– or PRO– as a prefix?


The prefixes PRE– and PRO– mean...




Prefixes

11. ben– = good





16. pre–; pro– = before

PREJUDICE

PREHISTORIC

PREDICT

PROGRESS

PROJECT

PROGRAM

To say something will happen before it does, to judge before you have the facts, the period of time before history was recorded,

the paper you get before the play begins...?


22

Now we have the set of Latin prefixes for Lesson One.

Next we go to suffixes.

Suffixes

17.




Prefixes

11. ben– = good







23

Now we are ready to take notes on a set of suffixes.

As you write each one, add a dash before the suffix to remind you that this is where you add roots – in front of the suffix.

So –AL at the end of a word...

Many English words end in the letters –AL, and when they do they are modifiers that

relate to something.


Suffixes

17. –al =

The first Latin suffix in Lesson One is the morpheme –AL.

relating to (adjective)



HISTORICAL

PREHISTORIC

VOCAL


24


Suffixes

17. –al = relating to (adj.)

18. –ate = do; make; cause (verb)



The next Latin suffix is the morpheme –ATE.

Each of these words are things that you __?__.

What words come to mind that have –ATE at the end?

LOCATE

CELEBRATE

EDUCATE

EVAPORATE

INTIMIDATE

LIBERATE

So –ATE at the end of a word means...


25

16 pre–; pro– = before

Suffixes


18. –ate = do; make; cause (v.)

19. –ence = condition; quality; act (noun)



The next Latin suffix is the morpheme –ENCE.

So –ENCE at the end of a word indicates the name of something – a noun that names a ...

What words come to mind that have –ENCE at the end?

EXCELLENCE

COHERENCE

DIFFERENCE


26


Suffixes



19. –ence = condition; quality; act (n.)

20. –ion = condition; quality; act (noun)



The next Latin suffix is the morpheme –ION.

So –ION at the end of a word indicates the name of something – a noun that names a ...

What words come to mind that have –ION at the end?

INFECTION

CONNECTION

ACTION


27


Suffixes




20. –ion = condition; quality; act (n.)

21. –ity = condition; quality; act (noun)



The next Latin suffix is the morpheme –ITY.

So –ITY at the end of a word indicates the name of something – a noun that names a ...

What words come to mind that have –ITY at the end?

ACTIVITY

SINCERITY

CHARITY


28


Suffixes



19. –ence = condition; quality; act (adj.)


21. –ity = condition; quality; act (n.)

22. –ous; –ose =



The last Latin suffix has two forms: –OUS and –OSE.

So –OUS or –OSE at the end of a word indicates a modifier that means ...

What words come to mind that have –OUS or –OSE the end?

RELIGIOUS

MISCELLANEOUS

FAMOUS

VERBOSE

BELLICOSE

MOROSE

full of (adjective)


29Latin Morphemes – Lesson One – Notes


Now we have the set of Latin suffixes for Lesson One.

You now have all of the notes for Lesson One (of Twelve).

Lesson One is the longest because it is the foundation on which you

will build in the coming other eleven Latin Morpheme lessons.

When you finish these lessons, your vocabulary and your ability both to figure out and to create words will

be MUCH GREATER than when you began!


Suffixes





21. –ity = condition; quality; act (n.)

22. –ous; –ose = full of (adj.)


30

Now you are ready to use your knowledge to decode words.

Part Two: WORDS TO WORK - Applying what you now know...

Latin Morphemes – Lesson One – Words to Work

Words to Work

1. vocal

2. predict

3. dedicate

4. beneficence

5. loquacious

6. locate

7. garrulous

8. equality

9. benediction

10. benign

11. malediction

12. soliloquy

13. equity

14. inequity

15. magniloquence

16. introduceLatin Morpheme Lessons, Alene H. Harris, Ph.D. © 2010.

Now you are ready to use your knowledge to decode words.

In Lesson One you will find the following words to “work” – that is, to analyze their meanings by (1) identifying the Latin morphemes and

meaning(s) in each, (2) synthesizing that knowledge in a possible definition, and (3) comparing your synthesis to a dictionary definition.

These words are on page 4, instructions are on page 5,

and space to work your words is on pages 6 and 7.

Words to Work

31

How to “Work a Word”


Let’s begin the first assignment together. On page 6, start by writing the first word...

Then beneath it, one per line, identify the morphemes you find in the word.

1. vocal

voc = voice; call

-al = characteristic of; relating to

M.D. =

D.D. =

M.D. = “my definition”

D.D. = “dictionary definition”

relating to the voice

uttered by the voice

Next, synthesize your knowledge...

Finally, compare your knowledge...



32



“Working Words”

DAY 1 HW Latin Morpheme Lessons, Alene H. Harris, Ph.D. © 2010.

For each word, compare and see how close you

can come with your knowledge to what the

all-knowing dictionary has to say...

Tomorrow, be prepared to share

how you worked your words.

“Working Words”

Your first assignment is to work the first 8 words on page 4 in the

numbered spaces on page 6 of your book.

33

“Working Words” continued




“Working Words” continued

Your second assignment is to work the last 8 words on page 4 in the

numbered spaces on page 7 of your book.

For each word, compare and see how close you

can come with your knowledge to what the

all-knowing dictionary has to say...

Tomorrow, be prepared to share

how you worked your words.

34

Part Three: CONTEXT CLUES - Hints for a Reader...

Sometimes when we read, we come across a word we’ve never seen before, and we could use a clue to figure it out.

There are four main types of clues that often help solve a “mystery word,” and you can use one of these clues to give your reader a hint.

The four kinds of context clues are...

Latin Morphemes – Lesson One – Context Clues

1. Definition in context

2. Synonym

3. Antonym

4. Examples

People said the Red Sox’s bad luck came from a malediction for selling Babe Ruth to the Yankees – their fans wished evil upon the team.

He pronounced a malediction, a curse, on the malfunctioning computer.

Instead of the expected words of blessing on the project, her boss gave it a malediction.

The angry gardener spoke the malediction to his rival, “May your tomatoes never ripen and your corn be wormy!”

Latin Morpheme Lessons, Alene H. Harris, Ph.D. © 2010. DAY 3

35

Part Three: CONTEXT CLUES - Hints for a Reader...

Latin Morphemes – Lesson One – Context Clues


Tomorrow you’ll have the opportunity to read aloud your sentences, saying “blank” for the word you chose, and see if your instructor or another learner can use your clue to identify

what word from the Lesson One list belongs in the blank.

Tomorrow, you’ll have the opportunity to challenge your instructor or another learner with your created words.

Step A: Select any 8 of the 16 words you worked and create a context clue sentence with each (on page 9 in your

book).

Use at least one clue of each of the four types.

Your third assignment has two steps:

Step B: Using the roots, prefixes, and suffixes from Lesson One, create and work two new words. In place of the DD, write a context clue sentence (CCS) for your new word (on page 9 in your book).

36

Part Four: REVIEW...

Latin Morphemes – Lesson One – Pencil & Paper Review


Hopefully, you’ll get a laugh or two (or possibly a groan) as you figure them out.

Tomorrow, we’ll go over the sheets just before taking a quiz on Latin Morphemes Lesson One.

The quiz will have about 8 words for you to work – through the level of My Definition.

Step A: Practice breaking apart the words on the first review sheet (page 10) by drawing braces and writing meanings above each morpheme; then write a possible definition to

the side (see the first one for an example).

Step B: Once you have determined morpheme meanings and a possible definition for each “word,” try matching the “funny definitions” on the second review sheet (page 11) with what you have on the first sheet.

The fourth assignment for Lesson One is a three-step review.

37


LESSON ONE

Part Four: REVIEW...

Latin Morphemes – Lesson One – Pencil & Paper Review

In the back of your book you will find eighteen sheets of color paper – one for each lesson.

To make your study cards, tear out the page for Lesson One, cut it apart on the marked lines, and hole-punch each card in the upper corner as indicated.

Take a card and write your first morpheme on the front of it.

DAY 4

Now turn that card over so the hole is at the bottom,

Set that card aside, and do the same for each of the other morphemes.

Now place the card with “Lesson One” written on it on the top of your stack, hook them together with a band or ring, and begin reviewing. If you have a three-ring binder for

English materials, hook your cards there for easy access.

speak; proclaim; set apart

and write the meaning on the back.

dict dicat

Step C: Make yourself a set of study cards (refer to page 12).

38

Part Five Coming Tomorrow: Demonstrating What You Know...

Latin Morphemes – Lesson One – Taking the Quiz

The quiz will have about 8 words for you to work through the MD level.

Most of them will be “real words,” but there may be one or two “created words” as well.

There will be one point for identifying each morpheme in the words, and one point for synthesizing your knowledge into a definition.

REMEMBER -- If a word has two or more morphemes, and you remember one but not the other, make a PARTIAL DEFINITION for PARTIAL CREDIT.

THURSDAY TEST PREVIEW

Unless you are told otherwise on a very few words, you do NOT need to memorize a dictionary definition.

1. benloquious

MD

ben- = good

Something to do with good speech

loqu = speak

+1 point

+1 point

0 point

+ 2/3 point

equals +2 2/3

points out of 4


1 INTRODUCTION & LESSON ONE Latin Morpheme Lessons, Alene H. Harris, Ph.D. © 2010.

Documents

Transcript of 1 INTRODUCTION & LESSON ONE Latin Morpheme Lessons, Alene H. Harris, Ph.D. © 2010.