11

Internal DisplacementInternal DisplacementA Global A Global

Environmenal Health Environmenal Health ChallengeChallenge

Reference: Reference:

Internal Displacement: Global Overview of Trends and Developments Internal Displacement: Global Overview of Trends and Developments in 2007 in 2007

(98 pages)(98 pages)

www.internal-displacement.org/ www.internal-displacement.org/

A Global IssueA Global Issue

33

UN DefinitionUN Definition““Persons or groups of persons who Persons or groups of persons who have been forced or obliged to flee or have been forced or obliged to flee or to leave their homes or places of to leave their homes or places of habitual residence, in particular as a habitual residence, in particular as a result of or in order to avoid result of or in order to avoid the the effects of armed conflict, effects of armed conflict, situations of generalized situations of generalized violence, violations of human violence, violations of human rights or natural or human-made rights or natural or human-made disastersdisasters, and who have not crossed , and who have not crossed an internationally recognised State an internationally recognised State border.”border.”

44

Comparison:Comparison:The Refugee and IDP The Refugee and IDP

RefugeesRefugees Have crossed an Have crossed an

international international border;border;

Have lost the Have lost the protection of their protection of their own country;own country;

Have a special Have a special status under status under international law.international law.

IDPsIDPs Are displaced within Are displaced within

their own country;their own country; Causes of flight: Causes of flight:

violence, war, human violence, war, human rights violations, rights violations, disasters;disasters;

Country still in charge of Country still in charge of their protection;their protection;

Do not have a special Do not have a special status under status under international law but international law but should enjoy same should enjoy same rights as other citizensrights as other citizens..

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Issues of ConcernIssues of Concern 26 million Internally Displaced Persons 26 million Internally Displaced Persons

(IDPs) seeking shelter after being forced (IDPs) seeking shelter after being forced from their homes.from their homes.

9.3 million in 10 countries whose 9.3 million in 10 countries whose governments are indifferent or hostile to governments are indifferent or hostile to their protection needstheir protection needs

2.7 million IDPs in Europe2.7 million IDPs in Europe A great many denied physical security and A great many denied physical security and

integrity, basic necessities of life, integrity, basic necessities of life, economic, social and cultural needs and economic, social and cultural needs and living under environmental conditions living under environmental conditions destructive to human healthdestructive to human health

From iDMC 2008 Report: Internal Displacement: Global Overview of Trends From iDMC 2008 Report: Internal Displacement: Global Overview of Trends and Developments in 2007and Developments in 2007

66

IDPs outnumber RefugeesIDPs outnumber Refugees

25 million25 million13.2 million13.2 million20042004

22-25 million22-25 million16 million16 million20002000

9 million9 million14 million14 million19801980

5 million5 million9 million9 million19701970

IDPsIDPsRefugeesRefugeesYearYear

Sources: UNHCR website for refugee figures and NRC/Global Sources: UNHCR website for refugee figures and NRC/Global IDP Project for IDP figuresIDP Project for IDP figures

77

20072007

88

Internal Displacement Overview for Internal Displacement Overview for 20072007

Conflict-related IDPs Conflict-related IDPs Worldwide Worldwide 26 Million26 Million

Most affected continent – Most affected continent – Africa Africa 12.7m in 19 countries 12.7m in 19 countries

IDPs in Europe IDPs in Europe 2.7 million in 10 countries2.7 million in 10 countries

IDPs faced with governments IDPs faced with governments indifferent or hostile to their indifferent or hostile to their protection needs – protection needs –

9.3 million in at least 10 9.3 million in at least 10 countries countries

Source: Norwegian Refugee Council Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre

99

European RegionEuropean Region

1010

Conflict Related IDPs in Europe

Total: 2,691,390

Armenia 11,000

Azerbaijan 690,000

Bosnia and Herzegovina 132,000

Croatia 3,200

Cyprus 210,000

Georgia1 233,000

Macedonia 790

Russian Federation2 89,000

Serbia 247,000

Turkey

1,075,000

Internal Displacement in Europe in 2007

1111

KosovoKosovo

1212

Conflict-related IDPs Conflict-related IDPs December 2007December 2007 Countries affected – Countries affected – at least 52at least 52

1010 Countries where most IDPs Countries where most IDPs were exposed to serious threats to security & were exposed to serious threats to security &

integrity integrity faced obstacles to access the basic necessities of faced obstacles to access the basic necessities of

life life

2121 Countries with Govs or occupation forces Countries with Govs or occupation forces involved in deliberately displacing peopleinvolved in deliberately displacing people

IDPs IDPs without any significant humanitarian assistance without any significant humanitarian assistance

from their governments - from their governments - 11.3million in at least 13 11.3million in at least 13 countriescountries

faced with governments indifferent or hostile to faced with governments indifferent or hostile to their protection needs- their protection needs- 9.3 million in at least 10 9.3 million in at least 10 countriescountries

United Nations World Summit 2005

State Sovereignty Duties &

Responsibilities to Protect its own People

World Community International

Responsibility to Protect

against state-sponsored or state tolerated atrocities

Denial of EH Conditions Supportive of Life

- Crime Against Humanity -

1414

Human Right Council (HRC)Human Right Council (HRC)

Universal Periodic Review Universal Periodic Review NGO InputNGO InputHRC Advisory Committee – 18 HRC Advisory Committee – 18

ExpertsExperts Thematic Special ProceduresThematic Special Procedures Provide Advice & Research to CouncilProvide Advice & Research to Council Establish Interaction with Establish Interaction with

States, National HR Institutions, NGOs States, National HR Institutions, NGOs

Confidential Complaint ProcedureConfidential Complaint ProcedureGross and reliably-attested Gross and reliably-attested

violationsviolations

1515

Internal DisplacementInternal Displacement

Deng PrinciplesDeng Principles

1616

International Court of JusticeInternational Court of Justice Primary Judicial Organ of Primary Judicial Organ of

UNUN

Established 1945; Established 1945;

Began Work 1946Began Work 1946

War Crimes; War Crimes;

Illegal State Interference; Illegal State Interference;

Ethnic CleansingEthnic Cleansing

International Criminal CourtInternational Criminal Court

Began Operating 2002Began Operating 2002

Most Serious Crimes under Most Serious Crimes under

International LawInternational Law

War Crimes & GenocideWar Crimes & Genocide

1717

Environmental Health Environmental Health SustainabilitySustainability

Develop pattern of Develop pattern of human relationships human relationships informed by -informed by - pattern disclosed in naturepattern disclosed in nature

Relationships Relationships betweenbetween Individuals families, Individuals families,

representative bodies and representative bodies and State ANDState AND

the community of the whole the community of the whole family off humankindfamily off humankind

Based on Based on environmental health environmental health

‘science’, and‘science’, and International Principles of International Principles of

Human JusticeHuman Justice

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HEALING CYCLE

Bone Break Earthquake

Blood Flow

Communication

Damage Response

Tsunami

Communication

Damage Response

Cells with Genetic Code Act

Humans with Caring imprint Act

Healing Process

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Sylvia Cloutier, Nunavut, Canada, 2Sylvia Cloutier, Nunavut, Canada, 2ndnd from right; bones healed from right; bones healed