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Transcript of 1 INQAAHE 2009 Conference and AGM International Accreditation in Taiwan Higher Education Presented...
1
INQAAHE 2009 Conference and AGM
International Accreditation in Taiwan Higher Education
Presented by
Dr. Roger C. Y. ChenPresident, Higher Education Evaluation and Accreditation Council of Tai
wan
Dr. Angela Yung-chi HouResearch Fellow & Director of International Exchange,
Higher Education Evaluation and Accreditation Council of Taiwan
March 31 to April 2 , 2009, Abu Dhabi
2
Fact Sheet in Taiwan higher Education
1. Number of universities and colleges Increased by 120% in the past 10 years with more than 160
institutions
II. Student enrollment With a total number of 1.3 millions increased 65%
III. University Entrance Exam admission rateMore than 97% in 2008
IV. Net enrollment in higher education 55.3%
(total number of 18-22 year-old students studying at a university and a college / school-aged population between 18-21 years old)
V. Gross enrollment rate increased 78.6%
(total number of students studying at a university and a college / school-aged population between 18-21 years old)
3
Total Number of New Born Babies in Taiwan from 1957 to 2007
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
450,000
1957 1967 1977 1987 1997 2007年度
人數
4
Total Number of New Born Babies from 1990 to 2007
YearTotal No of new born babies /fertility rate
YearTotal No of new born babies / fertility rate
1990(2008大學 )
335,618 / 1.810 1999 283,661 / 1.555
1991 321,932 / 1.720 2000 305,312 / 1.680
1992 321,632 / 1.730 2001 260,354 / 1.400
1993 325,613 / 1.760 2002 247,530 / 1.340
1994 322,938 / 1.755 2003 227,070 / 1.235
1995 329,581 / 1.775 2004 216,419 / 1.118
1996 325,545 / 1.760 2005 205,854 / 1.115
1997 326,002 / 1.770 2006 204,459 / 1.115
1998 (2016大學 )
271,450 / 1.465 2007 204,414 / 1.100
2008 198733
5
Total Student Enrollment in Taiwan Higher Education from 1975 to 2007
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
1957 1967 1977 1987 1997 2007年度
人數
專科大學碩士班博士班合計
Junior CollegeUniversityMaster Ph.DTotal
6
Total Enrollment in Taiwan Higher Education from 1990 to 2007 by degree
year Associate Bachelor Master Ph.D. total
1990 315,169 239,082 17,935 4,437 576,623
1991 332,127 253,462 21,306 5,481 612,376
1992 348,803 273,088 24,711 6,560 653,162
1993 367,373 285,982 28,117 7,713 689,185
1994 378,860 302,093 30,832 8,395 720,180
1995 394,751 314,499 33,200 8,897 751,347
1996 412,837 337,837 35,508 9,365 795,547
1997 433,865 373,702 38,606 10,013 856,186
1998 452,346 409,705 43,025 10,845 915,921
1999 457,020 470,030 54,980 12,253 994,283
2000 444,182 564,059 70,039 13,822 1,092,102
2001 406,841 677,171 87,251 15,962 1,187,225
2002 347,247 770,915 103,425 18,705 1,240,292
2003 289,025 837,602 121,909 21,658 1,270,194
2004 230,938 894,528 135,992 24,409 1,285,867
2005 180,886 938,648 149,493 27,531 1,296,558
2006 153,978 966,591 163,585 29,839 1,313,993
2007 133,890 987,914 172,518 31,707 1,326,029
7
Number of New born babies and College Students
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
1957 1967 1977 1987 1997 2007年度
人數
出生人口數
高等教育學生人數
No. of New born babiesNo. College Students
8
Number of Colleges and Universities in Taiwan Higher Education from 1957 to 2007 by type
-
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
1957 1967 1977 1987 1997 2007年度
家數
專科學校
獨立學院
大學
合計
Junior CollegeCollegeUniversityTotal
9
Number of Colleges and Universities in Taiwan Higher Education from 1957 to 2007 by type
year Junior college college Universities total
1990 75 25 21 121
1991 73 29 21 123
1992 74 29 21 124
1993 74 30 21 125
1994 72 35 23 130
1995 74 36 24 134
1996 70 43 24 137
1997 61 40 38 139
1998 53 45 39 137
1999 36 61 44 141
2000 23 74 53 150
2001 19 78 57 154
2002 15 78 61 154
2003 16 75 67 158
2004 14 70 75 159
2005 17 56 89 162
2006 16 53 94 163
2007 15 49 100 164
10
Challenges for Taiwan Higher Education
• From Elite Education to Universal Education
• Quality Assurance
• International Academic Competitiveness
11
National Quality Assurance Framework in Taiwan Higher Education
• From centralization to decentralization
– A decentralized system in higher education evaluation is being formed completely until the establishment of the HEEACT in 2005
• Duplication of national quality assurance in higher education
• Exemptions from HEEACT Accreditation
12
Governmental role in Development of External Quality Assurance
• University Law of 2005 revised• government is entitled to commission
external evaluation agencies to assess the academic performance of an institution
13
Three Major External Quality Assurance Agencies in Taiwan
• Higher Education Evaluation and Accreditation Council of Taiwan (HEEACT)– 74 comprehensive universities and colleges
• Taiwan Assessment and Evaluation Association (TWAEA)– 38 science and technologies universities
• National Yunlin University of Science & Technology– 40 technical colleges
14
HEEACT
• Endowed in 2005 with mutual funds of the government and 153 institutions in Taiwan
• 34 full-time staffs and more than 800 part-time reviewers
Board of Directors
President
Advisory Committee
Evaluation Affairs
Research & Development
General Affairs
15
Two Major Tasks of HEEACT
• Program Evaluation: to help institutions and programs to enhance quality – Self-evaluation – Peer review
• Rankings of Academic Performance: to encourage colleges and universities in pursuit of academic excellence– Benchmarking – International competitiveness
16
Statistics for Accreditation Outcomes in the Academic Year of 2007 and 2008
Review status Accredited
Accredited conditionally
Denial
Academic Year
Number of programs
Number % Number % Number %
2006 Fall Semester
362 279 77% 71 19.6% 11 3%
Spring Semester
242 159 65.7% 55 22.7% 27 11.6%
2007 Fall Semester 241 159 66% 55 22.8% 27 11.2%
Spring Semester 458 386 84.3% 65 14.2% 7 1.5%
Total 1303 983 75.45% 246 18.9% 72 5.5%
17
Duplication of National Quality Assurance in Higher Education
• 4 Types of Accreditation– Institutional accreditation – Specialized accreditation – National accreditation – International accreditation
• An institution will likely be reviewed more than 2 times by the different types of accreditation within a whole year
18
4 kinds of Exemptions from HEEACT Accreditation
• Accredited by Association to Advanced Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB International )
• Accredited by Chemical Society in Taiwan • Accredited or remain in the process of application
by Institute of Engineering Education • Programs or fields of Taiwan literature and
Taiwan studies which have been accredited by National Taiwan Normal University
19
Table 3: Exemption from HEEACT accreditation by Type and Number
IEET CST NTNU AACSB
Year starting accrediting
2004 2004 2006 2003
Type Specialized vs. national
Specialized vs. national
Specialized vs. national
Specialized vs. international
Program Engineering Chemistry Taiwan Culture and Humanity
Business
Number 249 25 28 67
20
Internationalization and Taiwan Higher Education
• In 2002, the MOE launched the "Enhancing Global Competitiveness Plan“– Increase the number of foreign students studying in Taiwan – Encourage Taiwan students to study abroad – 5 year- 50 Billion Program for Developing First-class University
and Top Research Centers• In 2007, HEEACT was commissioned to develop a global ranking tit
led “Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities”
• International accreditation of programs and institutions didn’t draw much national attention until the HEEACT operated evaluation in 2006– Fu Jen Catholic University– National Sun Yat Shen University – National Chiao Tung University– National Chengchi University
21
Internationalization and U.S. Accreditation
• U.S. is substantial exporter of quality assurance by recognizing postsecondary education in the developing nation
– 40 accrediting agencies were active in 52 countries in 2006-2007, accrediting 385 non-U.S. institutions and programs
– offers a “nongovernmental, mission-oriented model, with trained and impartial evaluators
• American accreditation, are sought by more and more institutions in South America, Asia, Eastern Europe, as higher education globalizes
22
U.S. Accreditation in Taiwan Higher Education
• In the late 90s, American accrediting programmatic organizations started to approach Taiwan higher education institutions
• In 2002, AACSB, the programmatic accrediting agencies started to accredit Taiwan business programs. – 4 gained accreditation– 17 became a member of AACSB International
• In 2006, the Middle States commission on Higher education (MSCHE), an American institutional accreditor, has accepted the application of one Taiwan university
23
Benefited by American Accreditation
• Attract students and faculty easier
• Develop joint degree programs with foreign institutions
• Compete with local institutions
• Help them to develop a continuous self-evaluation mechanism
• Implement the outcomes based on mission-oriented goal set internally
24
Great Challenges for Taiwan institutions
• integrating international standards into local context including models of governance, qualification of faculty and staff, resource allocation, etc.
• speaking fluent English was another big challenge for all senior administrators, faculty, staff and students
• Translation of materials into English required for accreditation also causes problems and additional work for them in the process of application and maintenance work.
25
International recognition of local accrediting organizations
• to establish partnerships with foreign accrediting organizations– Taiwan Medical Accreditation Council (TMAC) / the
National Committee on Foreign Medical Education and Accreditation (NCFMEA)
• to participate in international network of quality assurance in higher education– HEEACT / INQAAHE/ (APQN)
– IEET/ Washington Accord
26
Some Problems
• Institution to be reviewed by different types of evaluations more than 5 times within a certain period of time– Redundancy of evaluation activities
• Increasing loads of an institution– Waste of educational resources
27
Challenges for International Accreditation in Taiwan
• The decentralized frameworks for quality assurance or accreditation in Taiwan cannot apply to providers outside the national education system.
• Taiwan accrediting organizations do not have capacities to accredit programs or institutions abroad now– It is difficult to monitor them
• Culture imperialism v.s. national jurisdiction over higher education
28
Integration or Acquisition of Various Evaluations
• Forum on the Collaborations among University Evaluation Agencies in 2008
• An idea to create a coordinating organization for serving as primary national voice for representing evaluation results to the pubic and assure quality of national and foreign accreditation agencies
• HEEACT will play an active role as a coordinator
29
Conclusions
• Organize an independent institute in Taiwan such as CHEA or Germany Accreditation Council
• Define the basic requirements of the process of evaluation for accrediting agenices
• Take care that any national accreditation is carried out on the basis of reliable, transparent and internationally recognized criteria
30
Thank you for your attention
Higher Education Evaluation & Accreditation Council of Taiwan
http://www.heeact.edu.tw/