1 In the name of God. 1- membrane transport 2-osmosis M.Bayat PhD 2 Session 1.
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Transcript of 1 In the name of God. 1- membrane transport 2-osmosis M.Bayat PhD 2 Session 1.
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In the name of God
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1- membrane transport 2-osmosis M.Bayat PhD
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Session 1
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Cell membrane lipid bilayer (1925)RBC fluid mosaic model
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Flip.flop Motion in lipid and pr
Types of motionsLaterallyRotation Flip,flop
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cell membrane • It is composed of proteins and lipids proteins, 55 % phospholipids, 25 % cholesterol, 13 % other lipids, 4 % carbohydrates, 3 %• Lipid Barrier of the Cell Membrane Impedes Water
Penetration.
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phospholipids, 25 %
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Control of fluidity by cholesterol?
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6*Involved in signal transduction.
Asymmetry in lipid distribution ?
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Integral and peripheral pr
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Cell Membrane Proteins.• Membrane of myelinated axon 25%, membrane of mitochondria 75%• Mean: 55%
• integral proteins (intrinsic)
• Channels (or pores)• transporter• enzymes• Receptors• Structural• Pump
• peripheral proteins (extrinsic) Associate with the surface of the phospholipids' bilayer and predominantly by charge
interactions with integral proteins
• Enzymes• controllers of transport of substances through the cell membrane "pores."
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Transport across the Cell Membrane
Macromolecule transport : Material may cross membranes without passing through the molecules that make up the membrane
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Endocytosis
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Exocytosis
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Very large particles enter the cell by a specializedFunction of the cell membrane called endocytosis.The principal forms of endocytosis are pinocytosis andphagocytosis. Pinocytosis means ingestion of macromolecules,such as most protein molecules that form vesicles of extracellular fluid. vesicle size is 100 to 200 nanometers
Phagocytosis means ingestion of large particles,such as bacteria ,whole cells,or portions of degenerating tissue.
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ATP
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ca
ATP
Ca
Ingestion by the Cell - Endocytosis
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The transport of molecules through membranes by diffusion, and Protein-mediated transport processes
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Carrier mediated transportCarrier mediated diffusion = facilitated diffusion
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Molecular transport from membrane
Reflection coefficient
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Brownian motion.
Simple diffusion
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Fick's first law of diffusion states the following:
√MW and Radius Lipid solubility
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20 mg/L
10 mg/L
A B
If concentration of the substance in chamber A doubles the diffusion ofThe substance will change from 10 mg/h to:
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simple diffusion from channel
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Facilitated diffusion by carrier pr
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Uniporters
symporters
antiporters
brings glucose into the cell (GLUT2)
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facilitated diffusion
Saturation specificity Inhibition
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Primary active transport (Pump) Primary active transport (Pump)
Na/K ATPase in all the cellsH ATPase Gastric parietal cells Renal distal tubules Ca ATPase
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Na/K pump & proton pump
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/9834092339/student_view0/chapter38/cotransport__symport_and_antiport_.html
https://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=swf::535::535::/sites/dl/free/0072437316/120068/bio05.swf::Proton%20Pump
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P
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Na attachment = phosphorylationK attachment = Dephosphorylation
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The pump, while binding ATP, binds 3 intracellular Na+ ions.ATP is hydrolyzed, leading to phosphorylation of the pump at a highly conserved aspartate residue and subsequent release of ADP.A conformational change in the pump exposes the Na+ ions to the outside. The phosphorylated form of the pump has a low affinity for Na+ ions, so they are released. The pump binds 2 extracellular K+ ions. This causes the dephosphorylation of the pump, reverting it to its previous conformational state, transporting the K+ ions into the cell. The unphosphorylated form of the pump has a higher affinity for Na+ ions than K+ ions, so the two bound K+ ions are released. ATP binds, and the process starts again.
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Inactivation of the sodium-potassium pump will cause :
1. An increase in the intracellular volume2. increase intracellular Na 3. Decrease intracellular K4. Depolarize the membrane5. inactivation of Na channel6. decrease excitability
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Secondary active transport(co transport)
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Team work
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Osmosis
M.BayatPh.D
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Water diffusion
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Water osmosis
Water Net diffusion = 0
osmotic
1 milliosmole per liter concentrationis = 19.3 mm Hg osmotic pressure.
osmotic ally Active particle10 6
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Osm=c × n × QC= molar concentrationN=number of particle Q= osmotic coefficient
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Calculation of Osmolarity
100 mmol CaCl2 100 ×3= 300 mosm150 mmol NaCl 150 × 2= 300 mosm
280 mosm = iso-osmolar < 280 =hypo-osmolar >280 = hyper-osmolar
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osmotic coefficient × 19.3 ×
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Iso-osmolar =300 Hyper-osmolar >300 Hypo-osmolar <300
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osmotic equilibrium?
Tonicity
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Mannnitol
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H2OMannnitol
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1.Which of the following is highly soluble in lipids: A.O2 B.N C. CO2 D. alcohol E. all 2.Which of the following enters the cell through protein channels: A. water B.O2 C.Na D. a&c3.Which of the following enters the cell through carrier mediated
diffusion: A.AA B.glucose C:hormones D: all4. What is difference between primary active transport and
secondary active transport? • Glucose is cotransported into cell with………ion • Cell cytosol concentration of calcium is …………times lower
than outside• The location of Calcium pump in …….,……..,……..
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