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Improving English SpeakingFor

CCUT Students of CS and ECE

Using Technology Definitions

Herbert G. Mayer, PSU & CCUTHerbert G. Mayer, PSU & CCUTStatus 5/11/2015Status 5/11/2015

For use at Changchun University of Technology CCUTFor use at Changchun University of Technology CCUTCS 163 Spring 2015CS 163 Spring 2015

Mark Each Definition used!Mark Each Definition used!

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Syllabus AssumptionsAssumptions

GoalGoal

Methods and AlliesMethods and Allies

Definitions . . . Many More to ComeDefinitions . . . Many More to Come

ConclusionConclusion

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Overall Process

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Assumption Chinese students at CCUT have learned to read, Chinese students at CCUT have learned to read,

write, and speak English for some number of yearswrite, and speak English for some number of years

Generally the ability to Generally the ability to readread and and writewrite is well is well developeddeveloped

But the ability to But the ability to speak extemporaneouslyspeak extemporaneously is a is a challenge for many students, even for those who challenge for many students, even for those who have learned English for a good number of yearshave learned English for a good number of years

English speaking, particularly in public in a class English speaking, particularly in public in a class room with other students, poses problemsroom with other students, poses problems

Despite the fact that the same student would be able Despite the fact that the same student would be able to write down their conversation piece on paper, to write down their conversation piece on paper, completely and correctlycompletely and correctly

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Goal English reading and writing skills are well developed for many English reading and writing skills are well developed for many

Chinese students of CS and ECE, particularly in a situation Chinese students of CS and ECE, particularly in a situation without stress without stress

Goal of this extra English language effort is to improve the Goal of this extra English language effort is to improve the ability for students to speak publicly, more freely, with greater ability for students to speak publicly, more freely, with greater fluencyfluency

The overall The overall reading, writingreading, writing, and , and speakingspeaking aptitudes in English aptitudes in English should all be comparable in qualityshould all be comparable in quality

At the moment, of the 3 skills the At the moment, of the 3 skills the speakingspeaking aptitude is lowest aptitude is lowest for many Chinese CCUT students, hence my goal is to help for many Chinese CCUT students, hence my goal is to help raise that skillraise that skill

Goal is to raise the speaking aptitude, that is free speaking, in Goal is to raise the speaking aptitude, that is free speaking, in a public foruma public forum

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Methods and Allies

Chinese students should practice English Chinese students should practice English speaking in publicspeaking in public

The proposal here is a low-investment method to The proposal here is a low-investment method to accomplish thisaccomplish this

Referring to CCUT students who take some Referring to CCUT students who take some instruction in English at CCUT’s foreign language instruction in English at CCUT’s foreign language departmentdepartment

It would be a great help, to have the English It would be a great help, to have the English teachers invest ~15 minutes per week, in one of teachers invest ~15 minutes per week, in one of the English language courses, to have students the English language courses, to have students articulate the below definitionsarticulate the below definitions

A student should practice the method outlined A student should practice the method outlined below for about 1-2 minutes for each term to be below for about 1-2 minutes for each term to be defineddefined

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Allies

The weekly practice of articulating of terms takes The weekly practice of articulating of terms takes time; estimated 10-15 minutes per weektime; estimated 10-15 minutes per week

These are minutes of English class time per week, These are minutes of English class time per week, otherwise reserved for other English language otherwise reserved for other English language instructioninstruction

If CCUT cannot “recruit” the English language If CCUT cannot “recruit” the English language department for sacrificing the time, the respective department for sacrificing the time, the respective technical department (ECE or CS) should invest technical department (ECE or CS) should invest this language practice from their own timethis language practice from their own time

So once a week in CS we invest a few minutes of So once a week in CS we invest a few minutes of English speaking practiceEnglish speaking practice

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MethodThe following method is practiced for each listed term, The following method is practiced for each listed term, for a few minutes per week, a few students per week, for a few minutes per week, a few students per week, will be asked to do:will be asked to do:

1.1.Student Student stands upstands up

2.2.Loudly announces own Loudly announces own namename

3.3.Explains, which specific Explains, which specific termterm will be defined verbally will be defined verbally right there in public; term is displayed firstright there in public; term is displayed first

4.4.DefinesDefines in a few phrases the meaning of that term in a few phrases the meaning of that term

5.5.After defining, After defining, asks the audienceasks the audience, whether the , whether the explanation of the term was clear, whether there are explanation of the term was clear, whether there are disagreements, or omissionsdisagreements, or omissions

6.6.After absorbing all input, if any, student will After absorbing all input, if any, student will summarizesummarize the changes and re-articulates the definition the changes and re-articulates the definition of the termof the term

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Method This short public speech should be constrained to This short public speech should be constrained to

a few minutes for each definition, about 1-2 a few minutes for each definition, about 1-2 minutesminutes

That way, during a 5-10 minute period, about 5+ That way, during a 5-10 minute period, about 5+ students can go through the steps of the method, students can go through the steps of the method, speaking in public, each explaining a different termspeaking in public, each explaining a different term

Until the allotted time has been investedUntil the allotted time has been invested

In the course of a month, about 20-30 candidates In the course of a month, about 20-30 candidates will have had a chance to improve speaking in will have had a chance to improve speaking in publicpublic

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List of Definitions

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Definition of Ampèère

AmpèreAmpère is the unit for current, one of the base units is the unit for current, one of the base units of the SI –usually written of the SI –usually written AmpereAmpere in English in English

Named after André Marie Named after André Marie AmpèreAmpère, French physicist , French physicist 1775 - 18361775 - 1836

When about 6.241 * 10When about 6.241 * 101818 electrons stream though a electrons stream though a conductor in a second, the amount of charge moved conductor in a second, the amount of charge moved was 1 C and the current was was 1 C and the current was 1 A1 A; AKA “amp”.; AKA “amp”.

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Definition of Bit

Bit is an acronym for Bit is an acronym for bibinary diginary digitt

Bit is the smallest unit of information in a computer Bit is the smallest unit of information in a computer memorymemory

A bit holds one of two possible values, either 0 or 1A bit holds one of two possible values, either 0 or 1

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Definition of Circuit

A circuitA circuit is a combination of electrical components is a combination of electrical components to create defined electrical signals, such as specific to create defined electrical signals, such as specific currents or voltages of frequenciescurrents or voltages of frequencies

Components can be resistors, transistors, energy Components can be resistors, transistors, energy sources, diodes etc.sources, diodes etc.

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Definition of Computer

Computer Computer is an electronic device that can is an electronic device that can manipulatemanipulate bits, read bits from the outside by a bits, read bits from the outside by a process named process named inputinput, and generate bits for the , and generate bits for the outside, named outside, named outputoutput

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Definition of Computer Memory

Memory is a component of an electronic computer Memory is a component of an electronic computer that can store, change, and hold informationthat can store, change, and hold information

That information is arranged in bitsThat information is arranged in bits

These bits are often grouped in units of bytes, each These bits are often grouped in units of bytes, each of which is addressableof which is addressable

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Definition of Constant Current Source

A Constant Current SourceA Constant Current Source is a hypothetical electric is a hypothetical electric device that produces a constant current device that produces a constant current independent of the actual load connected to its 2 independent of the actual load connected to its 2 terminalsterminals

Such a source is able to generate any voltage Such a source is able to generate any voltage necessary to sustain the defined, constant currentnecessary to sustain the defined, constant current

It is not possible in practice to build such a device It is not possible in practice to build such a device for all loads; for example, in case of an open load, for all loads; for example, in case of an open load, the voltage needed to produce a real current for the voltage needed to produce a real current for infinite resistance would also be infiniteinfinite resistance would also be infinite

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Definition of Constant Voltage Source

A Constant Voltage SourceA Constant Voltage Source is a hypothetical electric is a hypothetical electric device that produces a constant voltage device that produces a constant voltage independent of the actual load connected to its 2 independent of the actual load connected to its 2 terminalsterminals

Such a source is able to generate any current Such a source is able to generate any current necessary to sustain the defined, constant voltagenecessary to sustain the defined, constant voltage

It is not possible in practice to build such a device It is not possible in practice to build such a device for all loads; for example, in case of short-circuit, for all loads; for example, in case of short-circuit, the current needed to produce the defined voltage the current needed to produce the defined voltage for a zero resistance would be infinitefor a zero resistance would be infinite

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Definition of Coulomb

A A coulombcoulomb is a fundamental unit of electrical is a fundamental unit of electrical chargecharge, , and is the SI and is the SI derived unit derived unit of electric charge; the of electric charge; the symbol Coulomb is C; the symbol for charge symbol Coulomb is C; the symbol for charge flowing, creating a current, is: Q or qflowing, creating a current, is: Q or q

A A coulomb coulomb is equal to a charge of approximately is equal to a charge of approximately 6.241×106.241×101818 electrons electrons

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Definition of CPU

CPU is a component of an electronic computer that CPU is a component of an electronic computer that can perform computationscan perform computations

These computations can use integer, floating point These computations can use integer, floating point or logical operandsor logical operands

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Definition of Electric Power

Electrical Electrical powerpower, like its mechanical equivalent, is , like its mechanical equivalent, is the ability to do workthe ability to do work

It is measured in Watt, unit dimension shown as W, It is measured in Watt, unit dimension shown as W, in equations denoted by letter pin equations denoted by letter p

It is the ability to do work of a 1 Coulomb charge It is the ability to do work of a 1 Coulomb charge every second, when passing through a field of one every second, when passing through a field of one VoltVolt

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Definition of Electrical Resistance Electrical Electrical resistanceresistance? A material’s opposition to the ? A material’s opposition to the

free flow of electronsfree flow of electrons

In an insulator, such as vacuum or porcelain, In an insulator, such as vacuum or porcelain, resistivity is very large, typically >> 1 MΩ (Mega resistivity is very large, typically >> 1 MΩ (Mega Ohm)Ohm)

R ~ kR ~ kii * length / Area * length / Area

A

I

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Definition of Electron

An An electron electron is a subatomic particle with electric is a subatomic particle with electric charge; we call that charge charge; we call that charge negativenegative; it is part of ; it is part of lepton familylepton family

Called an Called an elementary particleelementary particle, since it seems to have , since it seems to have no sub-particlesno sub-particles

Has mass of approximately 1/1836 of a protonHas mass of approximately 1/1836 of a proton

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Definition of Floating Point Number

A floating point number is a type of number that A floating point number is a type of number that expresses an amount of some unitexpresses an amount of some unit

Floating point numbers can have an integer portion Floating point numbers can have an integer portion and a fraction, i.e. a part of an integerand a fraction, i.e. a part of an integer

For example, when you purchase a pound of sugar, For example, when you purchase a pound of sugar, it is possible that you end with a little too much, so it is possible that you end with a little too much, so you have a pound plus a smaller fractionyou have a pound plus a smaller fraction

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Definition of Integer

Integer is a type of number that expresses a count of Integer is a type of number that expresses a count of some unitsome unit

For example, we can count that many people have 2 For example, we can count that many people have 2 eyeseyes

Integers lack a so called Integers lack a so called fractionalfractional part part

For example, when you purchase a pound of sugar, For example, when you purchase a pound of sugar, it is possible that you end with a little to much, so it is possible that you end with a little to much, so you have a pound plus a smaller fractionyou have a pound plus a smaller fraction

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Definition of Kirchhoff’s law

There are two There are two Kirchhoff’s LawsKirchhoff’s Laws, the Kirchhoff , the Kirchhoff Current Law (KCL) and the Kirchhoff Voltage Law Current Law (KCL) and the Kirchhoff Voltage Law (KVL)(KVL)

The KCL states that the sum of all currents The KCL states that the sum of all currents converging on any one node in a circuit is 0converging on any one node in a circuit is 0

The KVL states that the sum of al voltages along al The KVL states that the sum of al voltages along al branches of a mesh in a circuit is 0branches of a mesh in a circuit is 0

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Definition of Machine Instruction

InstructionInstruction is a computer’s elementary unit to is a computer’s elementary unit to perform some work.perform some work.

Such an instruction may be an integer computation, Such an instruction may be an integer computation, such as adding 1 to a number, or it may be the such as adding 1 to a number, or it may be the selection of an addressselection of an address

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Definition of Mol

A A molmol is the amount of substance of a system which is the amount of substance of a system which contains as many elementary entities as there are contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in 0.012 kilogram of carbon 12; entities can be atoms in 0.012 kilogram of carbon 12; entities can be atoms, molecules, electronsatoms, molecules, electrons

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Definition of Op Amp

An operational amplifier (AKA Op Amp) is a DC-An operational amplifier (AKA Op Amp) is a DC-coupled high-gain electronic voltage amplifier with a coupled high-gain electronic voltage amplifier with a differential input and a single-ended voltage outputdifferential input and a single-ended voltage output

Built already with tubes in ww2Built already with tubes in ww2

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Definition of Op Amp, Ideal

An ideal or idealized Op Amp is a simplified, An ideal or idealized Op Amp is a simplified, idealized version of a real operations amplified.idealized version of a real operations amplified.

Input resistance at both input is assumed to be Input resistance at both input is assumed to be (simplified for computations to be) infinite(simplified for computations to be) infinite

Hence the current sat the input pins are in = iHence the current sat the input pins are in = ip = ∞ A = ∞ A

Also, the voltages at the input pins vAlso, the voltages at the input pins vp and v and vn are are equalequal

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Definition of Prime Number

Given a positive, integer number Given a positive, integer number nn, , nn is prime, if it is is prime, if it is only divisible by the integer only divisible by the integer nn itself and by 1 itself and by 1

Otherwise Otherwise nn is not a prime number is not a prime number

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Definition of Programming Language

A programming language is generally a high-level A programming language is generally a high-level language that allows us to interface with a computerlanguage that allows us to interface with a computer

Machines or people write source programsMachines or people write source programs

These are compiled by a system software tool called These are compiled by a system software tool called a compilera compiler

The output is an equivalent object program that can The output is an equivalent object program that can be executedbe executed

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Definition of Program

A program is a sequence of instructions, A program is a sequence of instructions, understandable by a computerunderstandable by a computer

And these instructions are executed by that And these instructions are executed by that computercomputer

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Definition of Program, High Level

A high-level program is a program written in a A high-level program is a program written in a language that is intuitive for humans, and not language that is intuitive for humans, and not understandable by a computerunderstandable by a computer

Therefore the high level program must be Therefore the high level program must be transformed first, before the computer can transformed first, before the computer can understandunderstand and then execute it and then execute it

This tool is a piece of system software, called a This tool is a piece of system software, called a compilercompiler

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Definition of Program, Low Level

A low-level program is a program written in A low-level program is a program written in assembly language that is hard to read (and write) assembly language that is hard to read (and write) for humans, but akin to machine instructions of a for humans, but akin to machine instructions of a computer on which it is expected to runcomputer on which it is expected to run

Even such a low-level assembly language program Even such a low-level assembly language program must be translated first, before the computer can must be translated first, before the computer can understandunderstand and then execute it and then execute it

This tool is a piece of system software, called an This tool is a piece of system software, called an assemblerassembler

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Definition of SI

SISI is an international organization, head-quartered in is an international organization, head-quartered in Paris FranceParis France

This organization defines and publishes elementary This organization defines and publishes elementary physical units, such as the units for weight, length, physical units, such as the units for weight, length, and electric currentand electric current

One of the goals is to have a few independent One of the goals is to have a few independent physical units as possible as a base to express all physical units as possible as a base to express all unitsunits

Another goal is to express all units in a way that it Another goal is to express all units in a way that it would be possible in labs all over the world to verify would be possible in labs all over the world to verify the definition, especially the numeric value of each the definition, especially the numeric value of each unitunit

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Definition of Source Program

A Source ProgramA Source Program is a string of printable characters is a string of printable characters which combine to so-called tokenswhich combine to so-called tokens

Each token has a meaning for the computer to eitehr Each token has a meaning for the computer to eitehr define data or to executedefine data or to execute

It is necessary for system software to translate that It is necessary for system software to translate that sequence of tokens into a binary codesequence of tokens into a binary code

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Conclusion

T.b.d.T.b.d.