1

Hesheng ChenInstitute of High Energy Physics

Beijing 100049, China

Prospect of Particle PhysicsProspect of Particle Physics

in China in China

2

Particle Physics in China• Chinese Nuclear physics and Particle physics have long tr

adition.• Institute of Modern Physics established 1950. • JINR: discovery of anti-• Independent Institute for High Energy Physics: establishe

d at Feb. 1973 • Beijing Electron Positron Collider: milestone of Chinese h

igh energy physics• Synchrotron radiation Light sources: BSRF, SSRF

3

Institute of High Energy Institute of High Energy PhysicsPhysics

Comprehensive and largest fundamental research center in China

Major research fields :Major research fields :– Particle physics: Charm physics @ BEPC, LHC exp., Particle physics: Charm physics @ BEPC, LHC exp.,

cosmic ray, particle astrophysics, cosmic ray, particle astrophysics, physics …physics …– Accelerator technology and applications Accelerator technology and applications – Synchrotron radiation technologies and applicationsSynchrotron radiation technologies and applications1030 employees, ~ 650 physicists and engineers, 400 PhD Students and postdoctors

Established at 1950, and became an independent inEstablished at 1950, and became an independent institute at 1973 . stitute at 1973 .

4

Particle Physics Experiments in China

• BEPC & BEPCII: BESII/BESIII• Non-accelerator experiments

– Yangbajing cosmic-ray observatory– L3cosmic (finished)– Hard X-ray modulated telescope – Daya Bay reactor neutrino experiment

• International collaboration:– Mark-J (finished)– LEP: L3, ALEPH (finished)– LHC ： ATLAS, CMS, LHCb, Alice– AMS,… – KEKB: BELLE; Kamland, SuperK.– RHIC: Star, Phenix– ILC R&D

5

Bird’s Eye View of Bird’s Eye View of BEPCBEPC

6

BEPC constructed in 1984 –1988 with beam energy: 1 – 2.8 GeV– Physics Run ： Luminosity 1031cm-2s-1 @ 1.89GeV, 5 month/year– Synchrotron Radiation Run ： 140mA @ 2.2 GeV, 3 month/year

Physics Running finished March 2004 Synchrotron Radiation Running finished June 2005

7

Korea (4)Korea Univ.

Seoul National Univ. Chonbuk National Univ.Gyeongsang Nat. Univ.

Japan (5)Nikow Univ.

Tokyo Institute of TechnologyMiyazaki Univ.

KEKUniv. of Tokyo

USA (4)Univ. of Hawaii

Univ. of Texas at DallasColorado State Univ.

SLAC

UK (1)Queen Mary Univ.

China (18)IHEP

Univ. of Sci. and Tech. of ChinaShandong Univ., Zhejiang Univ.

Huazhong Normal Univ. Shanghai Jiaotong Univ.

Peking Univ., CCAST Wuhan Univ., Nankai Univ.

Henan Normal Univ.Hunan Univ., Liaoning Univ.

Tsinghua Univ., Sichuan Univ. Guangxi Univ., Guangxi Normal Univ.

Jiangsu Normal Univ.

8

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

CBAL MK II MK III DM2 BES I BES II

J/

World J/ Samples (×106)

BESII 58M J/

J/ decays: ideal to search for new types of hadrons

• Gluon rich

• Very high production

cross section

• Higher BR to hadrons than that of ’ (“12% rule”).

• Larger phase space to 1-3 GeV hadrons than that of Y

• Clean background environment compared with hadron collision experiments, e.g., “JP, I” filter

J/

J/

J/

9

Main Physics Results from BESBES

Precision measurement of mass: world average value changed by 3, accuracy improved by factor of 10, and approved lepton universality.

R Measurement at 2-5GeV: R/R 15-20% →6.6%– Higgs mass prediction from SM– g-2 experiment – (Mz

2) -1 : 128.890±0.090 → 128.936 ± 0.046• Systematic study of (2S) and J/ decays. Resonance X(1835) in with mass and width

are consistent with that of the S-wave resonance X(1860) indicated by the pp mass threshold enhancement.

'/J

10

Impact of BES’s New R Values on the SM Impact of BES’s New R Values on the SM FitFit for for α (Mα (Mzz

22) and Higgs mass) and Higgs mass

090.0890.128)( 12 ZM

046.0936.128)( 12 ZM

1995 1995 beforebefore BES R dataBES R data

2001 2001 withwith BES R dataBES R data

g – 2 experiment

11

Statistical Significance 7.7

BESII Preliminary

J

BES: X(1835) in

X(1835)7.7

BESII Preliminary

2

2

MeV/c 7.73.207.67

MeV/c 7.21.67.1833

54264

M

Nobs

410)4.04.02.2()()( XBXJB59.1

8.0 10)4.00.7()()(:.. ppXBXJBfc

'/J

12

• The mass and width of X(1835) are consistent with that of the S-wave resonance X(1860) indicated by the pp mass threshold enhancement

• X(1835) could be the same structure as ppbar mass threshold enhancement

• Currently all explanations have some difficulties

• Its spin-parity should be 0-+ BESIII may measure it with a factor of 100 more statistics

X(1835), the same as X(1860)?

13

Observation of non-DDbar decays of (3770)

• (3770) is believed to be a mixture of 1D and 2S states of cc-bar systemIt is thought to decay almost entirely to pure DD-bar

• From a measurement of DD-bar cross section and R value, BESII found for the first time a significant fraction of non-DD-bar Br.

• BESII also found for the first an exclusive channel of non-DDbar decays, which was confirmed later by CLEO-c:

PLB 605 (2005) 63

Hep-ex/0605105

14

LHC ExperimentsLHC Experiments

1. CMS – 1/3 of CSC at muon end caps (IHEP) – HV boards for RPC (IHEP) – RPC of barrel muon (Beijing Univ.) – Physics and MC

2. Atlas – Drift Monitor chambers (IHEP)– Physics and MC

3. LCG: Tier 24. LHCb: Tsinghua Univ. 5. Alice: CIAE,

15

Non-Accelerator physics experiment

1. Cosmic ray experiment– Yangbajing cosmic ray observatory

• China-Japan Air Shower Array • China-Italy Argo RPC carpet project

– L3 Cosmic ray measurement2. Particle Astrophysics experiments:

– Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) – Hard X ray modulated Telescope satellite – ray burst detector– X-ray detector of Chinese Moon project.

16

Yangbajing Cosmic Ray Observatory （ Tibet a.s.l. 4300m ）

IHEP-INFN Argo RPC China-Japan Air Shower Array

17

New anisotropy component and corotation of GCR (Science 314(2006) 439-443)

New anisotropy componentAmp=0.16% w/o corotation;Observation: 0.03%±0.03%.

Celestial Intensity map (E~3TeV) Intensity @ E~300TeV

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AMS01 permanent magnet and structure were built at Beijing, and became the first big magnet in space as payload of Discovery June 1998.

• Search for antimatter and dark matter • precision measurement of isotopes

Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

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AMS02 ECAL: IHEP, PISA and LAPP

Space qualification at Beijing

ECAL assembling at IHEP

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2. BEPCII: High Lumi. Double–ring Collider

Build new ring inside existing ring . Two half new rings and two half old rings cross at two IR’s, forming a double ring collider.

BEPCII

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BEPC II Double ring Design• In the existing BEPC tunnel, add another ring, cross over at south a

nd north points, two equal rings for electrons and positrons. double-ring collision technology.

• 93 bunches ， total current > 0.9A in each ring. • Collision spacing ： 8 ns.• In south, collision with large horizontal cross-angle （ ±11 mr ） .• Calculated luminosity ： 1033 cm-2 s-1 @ 3.78GeV of C.M. energy.• Linac upgrade: e+ 50mA/min. , Full energy injection up to 1.89GeV • In north cross point, connecting SR beam between two outer rings, in south cross point, use dipole magnet to bend the beam back to out

er ring.• SR run ： 250mA @ 2.5 GeV.• Major detector upgrade ： BES III.

22

1029

1030

1031

1032

1033

1034

1035

1036

1037

1 10 100 1000

GLC

ADONE

VEPP2000

KEK B and PEP II

KEK BPEP II

CESR

DAFNE

DAFNE2

BEPCIII

CESRc

Ecm

(GeV)

L (cm-2 sec-1)

VEPP2M

LEP

TRISTANPETRA

VEPP4MDORIS

SPEARBEPC

COLLIDERS

FACTORIES

SUPER FACTORIES

ee++-e-e-- Colliders: Past, Present and Future Colliders: Past, Present and Future

C. Biscari, Workshop on e+e- in 1-2 GeV Range, September 10-13, 2003, Italy

L (cm-2 s-1)

E (GeV)

23

Physics at BEPCII/BESIII• Precision measurement of CKM matrix elements

• Precision test of Standard Model

• QCD and hadron production

• Light hadron spectroscopy

• Charmonium physics

• Search for new physics/new particles

Physics

Channel

Energy

(GeV)

Luminosity

(1033 cm–2s –1)

Events/year

J/ 3.097 0.6 1.0×1010

3.67 1.0 1.2×107

’ 3.686 1.0 3.0 ×109

D* 3.77 1.0 2.5×107

Ds 4.03 0.6 1.0×106

Ds 4.14 0.6 2.0×106

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Light hadron spectroscopy• Baryon spectroscopy• Charmonium spectroscopy• Glueball searches• Search for non-qqbar states

1010 J/ events together with LQCD are probably enough to pin down most of questions of light hadron spectroscopy

Spectrum of glueballs from LQCD

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Precision measurement of CKM---- Branching rations of charm mesons

• Vcd /Vcs: Leptonic and semi-leptonic decays

• Vcb: Hadronic decays

• Vtd /Vts: fD and fDs from Leptonic decays

• Vub: Form factors of semi-leptonic decays

• Unitarity Test of CKM matrixCurrent BESIII

Vub 25% 5%

Vcd 7% 1%

Vcs 16% 1%

Vcb 5% 3%

Vtd 36% 5%

Vts 39% 5%

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Precision test of SM and Search for new Physics• DDbar mixing

DDbar mixing in SM ~ 10 –3 - 10 –10

DDbar mixing sensitive to “new physics”

Our sensitivity : ~ 10-4

• Lepton universality

• CP violation

• Rare decays

FCNC, Lepton no. violation

27

Stage #1: Linac upgrade reached designed goal

RF Gallery

Linac Tunnel

Progress of BEPCII

28

Design Measured BEPC

Energy (e+ / e-) ( GeV ) 1.89 1.89 1.30-1.55

Current ( e+ ) ( mA ) 37 61 ~ 5

Current ( e- ) ( mA ) 500 > 500 ~300

Emittance （ e+ ） ( 1 σ, mm-mrad ）0.40

(37 mA)

0.39~0.41

(40~46 mA)----

Emittance (e-) ( 1 σ, mm-mrad ）0.10

(500 mA)

0.09~0.11

(600 mA)----

Pulse Repe. Rate （ Hz ） 50 50 12.5

Energy Spread ( e- ) （ % ） **± 0.50

(500 mA)

± 0.44

(600 mA)± 0.80

Energy Spread ( e+ ) （ % ） **± 0.50

(37 mA)

± 0.50

(≥37 mA)± 0.80

Assessment result: Linac Beam Performance measured by the Test Group, in June-July 2006

29

Stage #2: Storage Ring upgradereached Goal

1. Jan.- June 2005 SR running √

2. Production of Double ring components Finished√

3. Remove old ring√, install Double ring√

4. BESIII construction √

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Storage Ring installation finished

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1st Interaction region1st Interaction region 2rd Interaction 2rd Interaction regionregion

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First beam stored in storage ring First beam stored in storage ring 18 18 Nov.2006Nov.2006 Synchrotron radiation run Synchrotron radiation run

provided provided Dec. 2006Dec. 2006

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Tuning of Storage Ring: good progress

• Positron Injection rate reached ~ 50 mA/min. • Electron Ring stored beam Feb. 6 2007• Positron Ring stored beam March 9 2007• First collision: 25 March 2007. • Now 50 by 50 bunches collision works. • Electron beam current reaches 150 mA, positron bea

m current reaches 200mA• The measurement of the storage ring parameters are

in agreement with prediction. The luminosity is quite good.

• Difficulties in SC magnets and cryogenic system solved.

34

BESIII Detector — Adapt to high event rate : 1033cm-2 s-1 and bunch spacing 8ns

— Reduce sys. errors for high statistics: photon measurement, PID…

— Increase acceptance ， and give space for SC quads

Be beam pipe

SC magnet, 1TMagnet yoke

MDC, 120 m

CsI(Tl) calorimeter, 2.5 %@1 GeV

TOF, 90ps

RPC

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Main Drift Chamber• Small cell • 7000 Signal wires: 25m gold-plated tungsten • 22000 Field wires: 110 m gold-plated Aluminum • Gas: He + C3H8 (60/40)• Momentum resolution@1GeV: • dE/dX resolution: ~ 6%.

%37.0%32.0 t

P

Pt

36

MDC construction finished• Wiring completed with good quality• Inner chamber and outer chamber assembled• Gas leakage test finished• Cosmic-ray test started

37Cosmic ray test

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CsI(Tl) crystal calorimeter• Design goals:

– Energy: 2.5% @ 1GeV

– Spatial: 0.6cm @ 1GeV

• Crystals:– Barrel: 5280 w: 21564 kg– Endcaps: 960 w: 4051 kg– Total: 6240 w: 25.6 T

2 Photodiode+2 Preamp+ (1 Amplifier)Photodiode(PD): Hamamatsu S2744-08 (1cm x 2cm)Preamplifier noise: <1100 e (~220kev)Shaping time of amplifier: 1μs

39

Support Structure of EMC Barrel

40

41

90% installation done90% installation done

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system : RPC• 9 layer, 2000 m2

• Special bakelite plate w/o lineseed oil • 4cm strips, 10000 channels• Noise less than 0.1 Hz/cm2

• Good candidate for ILC HCAL and muon chamber

43

BESIII Magnet ProgressThermal

insulation assembl

y

transportation

wiring

installation

44

Field reached 1 teslaField reached 1 tesla

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Schedule• May – Oct. 04. : √

– Linac upgrade – BESII detector removing

• Nov. 04 – June 05: Tuning and SR running √• July 05 – Oct. 06: Long shutdown

– Remove existing ring √– Upgrade infrastructure √– Install two rings:√

• Nov. 06 – Feb. 08: – Tuning of storage ring– SR running– field mapping of SC magnets– Assembling of BESIII

• Mar. 08: BESIII detector moved into beam line• May. 08 : Starting machine-detector tuning. • Physics run by Summer 2008

46

Particle Physics in 21Particle Physics in 21stst Century Century • Particle Physics & particle astrophysics: great challenges

– Symmetry breaking mechanism: Higgs? SUSY? – Neutrino physics– CP violation: – Dark matter? – Dark energy?

Great opportunities in 21st century !• Major frontiers: most are big facilities

– Accelerator Experiments: • High energy frontier: LHC, ILC… • High precision frontier

– Non-Accelerator experiments– Particle astrophysics– Neutrino experiments

• Difficulties in big sciences: more international cooperation and more invest are the key issues

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Chinese Particle Physics in 21Chinese Particle Physics in 21stst Century Century

• Chinese economy grows quickly and steadily • Chinese government increases the supports to sciences

and technology significantly and constantly . • With construction of BEPCII/BESIII, Shanghai light

source and CSNS, the new generation of Chinese accelerator and detector teams are shaping: young and growing fast. They could catch the future opportunity in particle physics

• Strong demands on – the large scientific facilities based on accelerators. – the application of accelerator and detector technology

48

Chinese Particle PhysicsChinese Particle Physics Medium and Long Term Plan Medium and Long Term Plan

• Charm physics @ BEPCII • Intl. collaborations: LHC exp., ILC,… • Modulated hard X-ray telescope satellite• Yangbajing Cosmic ray Observatory• Neutrino experiments:

– Daya Bay Reactor neutrino to measure sin2213 – National underground Lab. (under discussion)– Very LBL oscillation: J-Prac→ Beijing (under di

scussion)

49

Chinese Particle PhysicsChinese Particle Physics Medium and Long Term Plan Medium and Long Term Plan (cont.)(cont.)

• High power proton Accelerator: – Chinese Spallation Neutron Source– Accelerator Driven Subcritical system

• Test facility of Hard X-ray FEL• Convert BEPC into dedicated SR source after BE

PCII finished physics runningIHEP extents research fields, to protein structure, n

ano-science, material science… → Multiple discipline research center

Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (HXMT)

Service Cabin

Payload Cabin

51

Payloads onboard HXMT

HE: NaI/CsI 20-250 keV 5000 cm2

Size ： 1900×1600×1000 mm

ME: Si-PIN,5-30keV952 cm2

LE:SCD,1-15 keV 384 cm2LE:SCD,1-15 keV 384 cm2

52

• Main Detector NaI(Tl)/CsI(Na) Phoswich– Total Detect Area ~5000 cm2

– Energy Range 20 ～ 250 keV– Energy Resolution ~19% (@60keV)– Continuum Sensitivity ~3.0×10-7 ph cm-2 s-1 keV-1 ,or 0.5 mCrab (3σ@100k

eV,105s)– Field of View 5.7°x 5.7° （ FWHM ）– Source Location ≤1 arcmin(20)– Angular Resolution ≤5 arcmin(20)

• Secondary Instruments ME (5-30 keV, Si-PIN, 952 cm2), LE (1-15 keV, SCD, 384 cm2)• Mass ~2700 kg (payload ~1100 kg)• Dimension 2.0×2.0×2.8 m3 (L×W×H)• Nominal Mission lifetime 3-4 years (6 years desired)• Orbit Altitude 550km ， Inclination 43° • Attitude Three-axis stabilized

Control precision ： ±0.10° Stability: 0.005 °/s Measurement accuracy: <0.01°

Characteristics of the HXMT Mission

53

Sensitivity

54

Angular Resolution 12’ < 5’ 14’

Source Location (20σ) 1’ < 1’ 1’

Pointed Sensitivity (mCrab@100 keV) 3.8 0.5 9

Half Year Survey Sensitivity (mCrab) 2 0.5 1

Observation Capability

All sky survey ok good yes

Selected sky deep survey good good bad

Narrow field pointing observation bad good no

Integral/IBIS HXMT/HE wift/BAT

Comparison of HXMT and other two telescopes in the same energy band.

55

Hard X-ray sky survey with highest sensitivity• High precision hard X-ray full sky map: • Discover highly obscured supermassive BHs: • Discover new types of high energy objects:

High precision pointed observations of HE objects• Space-time in strong gravitational field: dynami

cs and radiation near stellar mass and supermassive BHs

• Equation of state in strong magnetic field: neutron star and its surface properties

• High energy particle acceleration: AGN, SNR, shock and relativistic jets

• Large scale structure: through hard X-ray detection of galaxy clusters

Main advantages and key science of HXMT

56

Parameterization of neutrino mixing

6 fundamental parameters in neutrino physics ： Known ： | m2

32|,sin2232 ， m221,sin2221

Unknown: sin22 ， , sign of m232

Exp. ： reactor VLBL oscillation

Daya Bay Reactor J-Parc → Beijing

Neutrino mixing parameters

U 1 0 0

0 cos23 sin23

0 sin23 cos23

cos13 0 e i sin13

0 1 0

e i sin13 0 cos13

cos12 sin12 0

sin12 cos12 0

0 0 1

e

Ue1 Ue2 Ue3U1 U2 U3

U1 U2 U 3

1

2

3

57

3535大亚湾与岭澳核电站大亚湾与岭澳核电站

大亚湾核电站大亚湾核电站 岭澳核电站岭澳核电站

Daya bay reactor neutrino experiment with sensitivity of 0.01 to sin22

Daya bay reactor neutrino experiment with sensitivity of 0.01 to sin22

Daya Bay NPPDaya Bay NPP LingAo NPPLingAo NPP

58

59

Detector: Multiple modules

• Multiple modules for cross check, reduce uncorrelated errors

• Small modules for easy construction, moving, handing, …

• Small modules for less sensitive to scintillator aging

• Scalable

Two modules at near sitesFour modules at far site:Side-by-side cross checks

60

Central Detector modules

• Three zones modular structure: I. target: Gd-loaded scintillator

-ray catcher: normal scintillator

III. Buffer shielding: oil

• Reflection at two ends

• 20t target mass, ~200 8”PMT/module

E = 5%@8MeV, s ~ 14 cm

I

IIIII

Isotopes Purity(ppb)

20cm(Hz)

25cm (Hz)

30cm(Hz)

40cm(Hz)

238U(>1MeV) 50 2.7 2.0 1.4 0.8

232Th(>1MeV) 50 1.2 0.9 0.7 0.4

40K(>1MeV) 10 1.8 1.3 0.9 0.5

Total 5.7 4.2 3.0 1.7

Catcher thickness

Oil buffer thickness

61

Systematic error comparisonChooz Palo Verde KamLAND Daya Bay

Reactor power 0.7 0.7 2.05 <0.2%

Reactor fuel/spectra 2.0 2.0 2.7

cross section 0.3 0.2 0.2 0

No. of protons H/C ratio 0.8 0.8 1.7 0.2

Mass - - 2.1 0.2

Efficiency e+ Energy cuts 0.8 2.1 0.26 0.05

n energy cut 0.4 0.2

Position cuts 0.32 3.5 0

Time cuts 0.4 0. 0.2

P/Gd ratio 1.0 - 0.1

n multiplicity 0.5 - <0.1

background correlated 0.3 3.3 1.8 <0.5

uncorrelated 0.3 1.8 0.1 <0.1

Trigger 0 2.9 0 <0.1

livetime 0 0.2 0.2 <0.1

62

North America (9)LBNL, BNL, Caltech, UCLA

Univ. of Houston,Univ. of Iowa

Univ. of Wisconsin, IIT,

Univ. of Illinois-Urbana-champagne

China (12)IHEP, CIAE,Tsinghua Univ.

Zhongshan Univ.,Nankai Univ.Beijing Normal Univ.,

Shenzhen Univ., Hong Kong Univ.Chinese Hong Kong Univ.

Taiwan Univ., Chiao Tung Univ.,National United univ.

Europe (3)JINR, Dubna, Russia

Kurchatov Institute, Russia

Charles university, Czech

Daya Bay collaboration

63

Status of the project• Total Cost estimated 32 M$ in Chinese accounting. • MoST and CAS officially approved the project. • Chinese Atomic Energy Agency, Daya Bay nuclear power Co. and l

ocal government support the project strongly.• Most Funds from China were approved.• Site survey including bore holes completed. Design of tunnel is und

er way. • Construction of tunnel should be started in 3 month.• R&D started in collaborating institutions, the prototype is operation

al• DoE agreed to provide funds to construct 50% of the detector Propo

sals to governments under preparation • It is great challenge to reach the sensitivity of 0.01. Italian physicists

has long tradition on n physics. Italian physicist groups are most welcomed

64

Schedule of the project• Schedule

– 2004-2006 R&D, engineering design,

secure funding– 2007-2008 construction– 2009 installation– 2010 running

65

VLBL Experiment of J-Parc to Beijing • V LBL exp. with 2000 - 4000 km is very interesting for many i

mportant physics, if sin22is not too small:– Sign of the difference of mass square– CP phase of – τappearance

• V LBL experiment from JHF to Beijing– Good tunnel: 20 km north of Beijing, near highway to Great

Wall. 560 m long, 34 meter wide, 13 meter height , 150 m rock on top

– Good infrastructure available– 2200 km to JHF with 9.5o dip angle

• Second beam line required. J-Parc phase 2? Factory ? • Two reports issued and several papers published.

66

780 Km: CERN → Gran Sasso Opera 730 Km: FNAL → Soudan Minos2100 Km: J-Parc → Beijing

67

Tunnel Gate

(Aviation Museum)

20Km north of Beijing, near highway to Great Wall

68

Tunnel Inside

69

sin2(213) ～ 0.07

70

sin2(213) ～ 0.007

CSNS layout

Linac: H- beam, 81 MeV (DTL) to 230 MeV (SCL)Rapid-cycling synchrotron: 1.6 GeV at 25 Hz

Chinese Spallation Neutron Source

CSNS primary parameters

Phase I Phase II Phase II’

Beam power on target [kW] 120 240 500

Proton energy on target [GeV] 1.6 1.6 1.6

Average beam current [A] 76 151 315

Pulse repetition rate [Hz] 25 25 25

Protons per pulse [1013] 1.9 3.8 7.8

Linac energy [MeV] 81 134 230

Linac type DTL DTL DTL+SCL

Target number 1 1 1 or 2

Target material Tungsten

Moderators H2O (300K), CH4(100K), H2(20K)

Number of spectrometers 7 18 >18

CSNS ParametersCSNS Parameters

Status of CSNS

IHEP is in charge of the projectSite: Dongguan, Guangdong province. IHEP opens a branch. Budget: 1.46B RMB + the fund & the land from the local governments5.5 year: first beam Major project for machine team and detector team after BEPCII/BESIIIThe great challenges

74

Thank you!