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GMES/KOPERNIKUS

Background, progress, opportunities, future options

“An insider view”

Jean-Paul Malingreau

Head of Unit

Work Programme of the Joint Research Centre

European commission

Brussels

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A reminder…In 1998… The Baveno initiative was launched for 2 key reasons: • put into motion a user driven process for developing

further the use of remote sensing from space• help Agencies, Stakeholders, Industry and SMEs

Key actors were: the European Commission – mainly DG JRC and RTDSpace Agencies i.e. ESA,BNSC, ASI, and International Organisations i.e. EUMETSAT, EARSC

In 2001…The Baveno initiative became GMES with a clear mandate to:• develop the Community effort• assess requirements and have them drive the technology• identify a possible European architecture• maintain the dialogue between all actors

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In a 2001 Resolution the EU Council,

“urges the Commission to start, in close coordination with the ESA,

the initial period of GMES,….STRESSES the importance of the

initial period in preparing the next phase of GMES, aimed at

achieving by 2008 an operational and autonomous

European capability for global monitoring for

environment and security…..”

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“We must aim to become a global civil power at the service of sustainable global development.

After all, only by ensuring sustainable global development can Europe guarantee its own

strategic security”.

R. Prodi, European Parliament, February 2000

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GMES 1999-08

KOPERNIKUS

2008 +

2008 Copernican ® evolution

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GMES Higher order objectives

To develop/maintain a data gathering and information system to support the sustainable management of our environment and our resources at the EU and global levels.

(By extension develop applications to a broader range of EU policies)

Setting up of European capacity to independently acquire information that is necessary to secure Europe’s vital interests and for Europe to play an active role globally

(questions of autonomy, independence,”non-dependence”)

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KOPERNIKUS Higher objectives

To develop/maintain a data gathering and information system to support the sustainable management of our environment and our resources at the EU and global levels.

(By extension develop applications to a broader range of EU policies)

Setting up of European capacity to independently acquire information that is necessary to secure Europe’s vital interests and for Europe to play an active role globally

(questions of autonomy, independence,”non-dependence”)

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Incidentally, the GMES will

-Help space programs to hook on mid to long term community objectives (re: EU Space Policy)

-Provide fertile grounds for innovation and new initiatives, especially when combined with capacities provided by telecom and navigation/positioning

-Contribute significantly to “knowledge society”.

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-Stimulate the activities of value added industry

-Provide more material for research in the “nature of things”

-Link satellite observations, functioning models and ground data measurements

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It was/is expected that GMES/KOPERNIKUS satisfies the user’s requirements for

-MONITORING : securing an observation service along the frequency, resolution, spectral characteristics… required by the particular application

-DETECTION : securing a capacity to detect, interpret and assess events of significance in the area of concern

-VERIFICATION : securing system of such quality that it can be used to guarantee (or otherwise) the application of public policies

(compliance regimes, mutually assured observation, contractual situations, emergencies, etc..)

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KOPERNIKUS bonuses

Promoting novel approaches to generate knowledge

-Global governance based on awareness and facts

-Making information available to all – ambient information

-From NIMBY! to WIMBY?

(or from Not In My Back Yard! to What’s In My Back Yard? )

-Added capacity to make sense of events

-Enhancing forecasting (development of spatial models)

-Adding to security technologies

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KOPERNIKUS and European

“independence”, “autonomy”, “non-dependence”

“…European autonomy for Kopernikus services is essential….”- Kopernikus draft Communication 2008

“The European citizens are increasingly dependent upon space systems but these systems are themselves not independent from non-European technologies …” – Seminar on “Critical Space Technologies in Europe”- Brussels 09/08

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Selective autonomoy only can be considered

It requires:

-A political decision on what is essential to know independently of others (e.g world food supply in 2014?)

-A political decision on what will be shared with others for example in the context of GEO (e.g. cartographic data base)

-An assessment of what will be needed to maintain competitive advantage of Europe in international negotiations (e.g climate change in post-post-Kyoto)- strategic posturing (!)

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Selective autonomoy (cont’d)

- An evaluation of what it will take to address “mutual verification” (e.g geographical position of critical installations)

- Setting up Europe as a champion of “positive surveillance” for global stewardship

- The technological capabilities to assume those choices (real politik!)

Note: The above political debate has yet to start !

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Main areas of relevance (classical; innovation opportunities)

Core service 1a: land monitoring service- EUROPE

-Basic land cover mapping “à la Corine”

-Regular update of land cover change at different scales

--thematic applications to agriculture, forestry, soils, urbanisation, infrastructure, transport, ..

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Core service 1b: land – World

-Global land cover mapping (see GlobCover2000 and much improved GlobeCover2006) – see site Medias

-Global land use and changes – yearly/5yr update or automatic Delta detection

-Forest monitoring : watching the disappearance of tropical rainforest, assessing aforestation.deforestation

-Analyses addressing hot spots, infringement, risks,

-WIMBY on line with regular updating

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Core service 1b: land – World Cont’d

-Detection of hot spots of relevance for development, agriculture production, investments, markets etc…

-Carbon balance: carbon fluxes in the biosphere

-Land degradation world wide

-Addressing risk mapping, stand-by cartographic material in case of emergencies etc..

-Monitoring food production world wide (food security)

-The State of the World Resources – strategic options, alarm

18Soya bean agriculture –biofuels-feedstock-tropical deforestation-Matto Grosso. Meris August 22.08

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-GMES/KOPERNIKUS Atmosphere services

-Intense R&D on detecting atmospheric components from space and addressing local air quality issues

-Potential is seen in linking air quality ground monitoring systems and modelling

-Can impact on quality of life, individual decision making process, life style.

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Real-world CO2 emissions from a loaded truck driving from Maribor

to Barcelona. For comparison: new passenger cars emit 160-180 g/km

CO2 (g/km)

Highlight TRAENVIA

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Core service : Emergency Response

This requires the capacity to bring the relevant data/information to those directly involved in reacting to crises, providing immediate assistance, assessing the damages.

- cartographic support (support to rapid response)

- event monitoring (continuous watch)

- assessment of impacts (details are usually needed)

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Core service : Emergency Response (Cont’d)

Challenges are

- responsiveness to unexpected events

- availability of data at right resolution

- speed of delivery under adequate format

- validation, trust, reliability

In the long term Europe must address the “anywhere, anytime” capacity issue.

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Disaster Risk Management Cycle

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Is the GMES/Kopernikus model already obsolete…?

Reminder: Kopernikus construction

Satellites (other technologies)

feeding core services

stimulating user’s services

All embedded in a multilayer governance scheme

Users demand/public response

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Is the GMES/Kopernikus model already obsolete…?

New model ?

Satellites– (public service/market driven)

(feeding core services)

stimulating applications via internet “googelisation”,mash-ups*,mass

use, digital earth

Governance scheme is only “facilitator of innovation”

* ex: links with :air quality “on line”, security services, GPS etc..

profit

Consultando Google Earth, un anonimo internauta ha scoperto un'enorme macchia intorno a una nave. a largo di Montalto di Castro, nel Lazio. Ha così scoperto un mercantile che stava scaricando in mare, creando una chiazza di probabile origine oleosa.

La Repubblica, 23.09.2008

http://www.repubblica.it/2006/12/gallerie/ambiente/nave-scarica/1.html

La Guardia di Finanza sta indagando !!!.

Leçon - Insegnamento

-Tous gendarmes – tutti carabinieri?

-Tous gardiens du phare – tutti guardiani del faro?

-Tous responsables de la terre? – tutti custodi della terra?

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-Other technological “signals”

* CNES e-Corce : globally interconnected web-systems will channel data from constellation of very high resolution satellites directly to “consumer”;

new services ( yet to be set up ) addressing individual /collective interests will act as leverage for “massive demand for earth observation data”.

* European space policy has so far not given rise to public investments in VHR satellite data and their open use in the public domain (re Sentinel program). This void is being filled by private sector.

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Concluding remarks

GMES/Kopernikus

- has been an engine of change in European space landscape

- will represent the main European public effort in EO for the decade to come

- offers numerous opportunities for applications, innovations

- will provide key geo data/information asset for the conduct of EU public policy

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Concluding remarks

Technology changes rapidly

New operational models already appear on the horizon

Earth observation seems to have been caught unaware of those developments

Europe needs to better exploit such opportunities

Innovation (often using unintended exploitation of technological offer) is the key

Public authorities have to create the necessary conditions for this to happen (infrastructure, risk taking, education,support)