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Generation of laser-driven Generation of laser-driven

secondary sources and applicationssecondary sources and applications

Patrizio Antici

Istituto Nazionale di Fisica NucleareUniversità di Roma “Sapienza”

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ELI-NP for exploring new proton energy regimes

Projected proton energies for use of different applications ?New and different acceleration regimes ?

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300fs – 1 ps

40-60 fs

100-150 fs

I2 (W.cm -2.µm 2)

LOA

JanuspLULI

Nova PW

RAL PW

RAL Vulcan

RAL Vulcan

Osaka

CUOS

MPQ

Tokyo ASTRA

Tokyo

RAL Vulcan

Tokyo

Yokohama

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b)

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Normalized intensity (I² - W/cm²/µm²)

Ultra-thin targets (30-200 nm)

J. Fuchs et al., Nat. Phys. 2, 46-54 (2006)J. Schreiber et al., PRL 97, 045005 (2006)L. Robson et al Nat. Phys. 3, 58–62 (2007) P.Antici et al., Phys. of Plasma14, 030701 (2007)

Standart targets(5-50 µm)

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T. Ceccotti et al., PRL 99, 185002 (2007)D. Neely et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 021502 (2006)A. Flacco et al., PRE 81, 03604 (2010)

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New acceleration regimes (non TNSA) are upcoming and can be tested with ELI-NP

A. Robinson et al., New J. Phys. 10, 013021 (2008), A. Robinson et al., Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 51, 024004 (2009) ; N. Naumova et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 025002 (2009) ; T. Schlegel et al., Phys. Plasmas 16, 083103 (2009) ; A. Macchi et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 165003 (2005); B. Quiao et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 102, 145002 (2009). X.Q.Yan et al., APB 711 (2010)

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SimulationsExperimental data

LULI ELFIE APOLLON

ELIGeV

I ² (W.cm-2)

ExistingProjected

Pro

ton

max

en

erg

y [M

eV]

RPA(no hot electrons !)

Monoenergetic spectrum

A. Henig et al., RPL 103 245003 (2009)

Simulations Experiment(current max 10-20 MeV

but less energy spread

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TNSA enhancement for energy increase: beyond present-day record of 67 MeV?

• 2: Use of low-density plasmas

• 3: Geometrical e- confinement

• 4: Tightest laser focusing

More clever strategies?

• 1: Decrease the target thickness (less e- spread + volumetric target heating)

P. Antici et al., Phys. Plasmas 14, 030701, (2007)T. Ceccotti et al., PRL 99, 185002 (2007)D. Neely et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 021502 (2006)A. Flacco et al., PRE 81, 03604 (2010)

P. Antici et al., New Journal of Physics 11 (2009)A. Yogo et al., PRE 77, 016401 (2008)L. Willingale et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 245002 (2006)

Obvious route: « brute force » (laser energy increase)

M. Nakatsutsumi et al., submitted (2009)

S. Buffechou et al., PRL 105 015005 (2010)P. Antici et al., NIMA 2010.01.052 (2010)

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Capturing section Laser-generated particle source

Accelerating and transporting

section

Protons

Electrons

Plasma accelerator Conventional accelerator

Hybrid accelerator schemes perfectly suited for ELI-NP

ELI-NP can combine innovative plasma acceleration sources with conventional accelerator technology

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Improvements using beam shaping and post-acceleration with conventional accelerators

Injection studied using RF-cavity

S. Nakamura et al. Jap Jour. Appl. Phys. 46 L717 (2007)

M. Schollmeier et al., PRL 101, 055004 (2008)

Focalisation using Quadrupoles

Logan, Caparasso, Roth, Cowan, Ruhlet al. (LBNL-LLNL-GSI-GA)Logan, Caparasso, Roth, Cowan, Ruhlet al. (LBNL-LLNL-GSI-GA)

Logan, Caparasso, Roth, Cowan, Ruhl et al. (LBNL-LLNL-GSI-GA) (2000)

Combined accelerator

t=350 fsI~3×1018 W.cm-2

=1 µmCPA1

diverging protonbeam

proton source foil

CPA2

focused protonbeam

t=350 fsI~3×1018 W.cm-2

=1 µmCPA1

diverging protonbeam

proton source foil

CPA2

focused protonbeam

P. Antici et al., JAP 104, 124901 (2008)

First start-to-end simulations

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Beam shaping with conventional accelerators becomes more fashionable

M. Nishiuchi et al Phys Rev STAB 13 071304 (2010), 5% spread, 10%

efficiency

K. Harres et al J. Phys Conf. Series 244 022036 (2010)

F. Nürnberg et al., PAC 2009

A. Almomani et al., Proceeding IPAC (2010)

Focalisation with Solenoids

Post-acc with modified DTL

Transport with 1 Hz

V. Bagnoud et al., APB (2009)

8 T solenoid

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ELI-NP can test innovative accelerator structures such as SCDTLs that outperform other structures

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6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16Energy (MeV)

drift length=10.4 cmdrift length=20.4 cm

Normalized energy spectrum for 100 mA input current and two different lengths of the leading

drift.

Transmission (red points), output norm. envelope (blue points)

versus the input currentP. Antici et al., PoP (in press)

Proton energy evolution within the SCDTL

Side Coupled DTLs (3 GHz) New hybrid accelerator scheme

+

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ELI-NP can also test beam-handling/matching of a laser-driven electron beam line

Matching lineFocusing and trasporting line

Laser-generated source

Usable beamsLaser-generated

particle distribution

Conventional accelerator can tailor laser-driven beams and make them adaptable to all applications

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ELI-NP allows to explore WDM regimes currently unreached

Accessible with LMJ, NIF

classical plasma

denseplasma

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Température

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eV

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Density [g/cm3]

Classical plasma

Soleil

WDMRealized

Zone to explore

ICF

1Tem

per

atu

re (

eV)

Accessible with LMJ, NIF

classical plasma

denseplasma

=

Accessible with LMJ, NIF

classical plasma

denseplasma

=104

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Température

[

eV

]

10-2 1 102

Density [g/cm3]

Classical plasma

Soleil

WDMRealized

Zone to explore

ICF

1Tem

per

atu

re (

eV)

Stopping power

Equation of state

•Understanding of transition phases and thermo-dynamical properties•Laboratory astrophysics (conditions only existing in stellar interiors)

50 eV

Higher efficiency proton beams will allow reaching unexplored hotter plasma zones (R P A: 60 % efficiency, compared to 4 % TNSA)

heatedsample foil

Foil 10-20 µm

(proton source)

protons/ ions

Proton virtual point source

100-500μm

heatedsample foil

Foil 10-20 µm

(proton source)

protons/ ions

Proton virtual point source

protons/ ions

Proton virtual point source

protons/ ions

Proton virtual point source

100-500μm

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ELI-NP can be used also for experiments in the ICF or related applications

1. Higher proton energy for probing thicker material

2. Higher laser energy for higher energy electrons

3. Tailoring of heating temperature

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3 Ultra-intense laser beams

Higher intensity laser = brighter beams allows measurement of hotter electron transport

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…and much more….

Thank you for your attention !