1. From roots to routes 2. Time-space compression 3 ... · UAN – IPIT May 3rd 2012 Master’s...
Transcript of 1. From roots to routes 2. Time-space compression 3 ... · UAN – IPIT May 3rd 2012 Master’s...
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May 3rd
2012
Master’s Degree in Planning and
Management of Tourism Systems
1. From roots to routes
2. Time-space compression
3. Mobility
4. Travel
5. From culture to multiculturalism
Multiculturalism
Tree / rhizome
Time-space compression
Roots / routes
Page 1
Diaspora
GEOGRAPHIES OF EXCLUSION
INTERCULTURAL GEOGRAPHY (M-GGR/01)
PROFESSOR: CAROLINE DESBIENS
May 3rd
2012
Page 2 Master’s Degree in Planning and
Management of Tourism Systems
From roots to routes (Stuart Hall).
Changing the terms of cultural analysis…
1. From roots to routes
Movement
Travel
Immigration
Territorializing / deterritorializing
Dwelling
Translation Hybridity
Mediation Diasporas
INTERCULTURAL GEOGRAPHY (M-GGR/01)
PROFESSOR: CAROLINE DESBIENS
May 3rd
2012
Page 3 Master’s Degree in Planning and
Management of Tourism Systems
Movement
Travel Immigration
Territorializing / deterritorializing
Dwelling Translation Hybridity
Mediation Diasporas
« Natives, people confined to and by the
places to which they belong, groups unsullied
by contact with a larger world, have probably
never existed. »
(James Clifford, p. 319 – Reader)
1. From roots to routes
INTERCULTURAL GEOGRAPHY (M-GGR/01)
PROFESSOR: CAROLINE DESBIENS
May 3rd
2012
Page 4 Master’s Degree in Planning and
Management of Tourism Systems
CULTURE – IDENTITY – PLACE
A tree-like model or a rhizomatic model?
1. From roots to routes
INTERCULTURAL GEOGRAPHY (M-GGR/01)
PROFESSOR: CAROLINE DESBIENS
May 3rd
2012
Page 5 Master’s Degree in Planning and
Management of Tourism Systems
« Anthropological ‘culture’ is not what it used to be. And
once the representational challenge is seen to be the
portrayal and understanding of local/global historical
encounters, co-productions, dominations, and
resistances, one needs to focus on hybrid,
cospmopolitan experiences as much as on
rooted, native ones. In my current problematic, the
goal is not to replace the cultural figure ‘native’ with the
intercultural figure ‘traveler.’ Rather, the task is to focus
on concrete mediations of the two, in specific cases of
historical tension and relationship. »
James Clifford, p. 319 (Reader)
James Clifford UC Santa Cruz
1. From roots to routes
INTERCULTURAL GEOGRAPHY (M-GGR/01)
PROFESSOR: CAROLINE DESBIENS
May 3rd
2012
Page 6
2. Time-space compression
INTERCULTURAL GEOGRAPHY (M-GGR/01)
PROFESSOR: CAROLINE DESBIENS
May 3rd
2012
Page 7 Master’s Degree in Planning and
Management of Tourism Systems
David Harvey, Distinguished
Professor City University of
New York (CUNY)
TIME–SPACE COMPRESSION I : Describe processes
that seem to accelerate the experience of time
and reduce the significance of distance during
a given historical moment, namely the period from
the mid-19th century to the beginnings of the First
World War, and the end of the twentieth century.
According to David Harvey, these processes
‘revolutionize the objective qualities of
space and time’ (The Condition of
Postmodernity, p. 240).
2. Time-space compression
INTERCULTURAL GEOGRAPHY (M-GGR/01)
PROFESSOR: CAROLINE DESBIENS
May 3rd
2012
Page 8 Master’s Degree in Planning and
Management of Tourism Systems
TIME–SPACE COMPRESSION II : Time-space
compression often refers to technologies that
seem to accelerate or elide spatial and temporal
distances, including technologies of
communication (telegraph, telephones, fax
machines, Internet), travel (rail, cars, trains, jets)
and economics (opening up of new markets,
speeding up of production cycles, reduction of turn-
over time of capital…). Time-space compression
also generates new forms of mobility for
individuals and populations starting in the mid-19th
century.
2. Time-space compression
INTERCULTURAL GEOGRAPHY (M-GGR/01)
PROFESSOR: CAROLINE DESBIENS
May 3rd
2012
Page 9 Master’s Degree in Planning and
Management of Tourism Systems
Is there a geography to time-space compression?
Is mobility experienced differently depending
on gender, race, class…?
Some experiences of mobility…
2. Time-space compression
INTERCULTURAL GEOGRAPHY (M-GGR/01)
PROFESSOR: CAROLINE DESBIENS
May 3rd
2012
Page 10 Master’s Degree in Planning and
Management of Tourism Systems
What about forms of mobility?
The mobility of tourism is not the same as the
mobility of immigration, displacement, etc.
Some experiences of mobility…
2. Time-space compression
INTERCULTURAL GEOGRAPHY (M-GGR/01)
PROFESSOR: CAROLINE DESBIENS
May 3rd
2012
Page 11 Master’s Degree in Planning and
Management of Tourism Systems
3. Mobility
FORCED MOBILITY - Enslavement (Africans)
- Deportation (Acadians)
- Expulsion (European Jews)
- Decolonisation / independence
(Algerians, Indians)
- Military conflict (refugees)
- Natural disasters (Haitians)
- Economic harship (Mexicans, Turks, Philippinas)
INTERCULTURAL GEOGRAPHY (M-GGR/01)
PROFESSOR: CAROLINE DESBIENS
May 3rd
2012
Page 12 Master’s Degree in Planning and
Management of Tourism Systems
WILLFUL MOBILITY - Economic opportunities (Hong-Kong
Chinese)
- Educational opportunities
- Marriage
- Family reunion
- Tourism
- Etc.
3. Mobility
INTERCULTURAL GEOGRAPHY (M-GGR/01)
PROFESSOR: CAROLINE DESBIENS
May 3rd
2012
Page 13 Master’s Degree in Planning and
Management of Tourism Systems
DIASPORA The movement, migration, or scattering of people away from an established or ancestral homeland. -Deterritorializing of a culture as a strategy of erasure or assimilation
-Dispersed people often reterritorialize themselves in new spaces they occupy
-Creation of a cultural territory in the form of a « network »
-Creation of an « invisible » infrastructure for maintenance of cultural community
-Experience of diaspora often has the result of strenghtening (and even radicalizing) cultural identity leading to long-distance nationalism
3. Mobility
INTERCULTURAL GEOGRAPHY (M-GGR/01)
PROFESSOR: CAROLINE DESBIENS
May 3rd
2012
Page 14 Master’s Degree in Planning and
Management of Tourism Systems
CANADIAN MULTICULTURALISM
FROM « BLOOD AND SOIL » NATIONALISM TO INCLUSIVE CITIZENSHIP
WAMPUM CEINTURE FLÉCHÉE MOSAIK
•1971 : Canada is the first country to adopt multiculturalism as an official policy
•Recognizes the rights of aboriginals and the status of two official languages
•Goals and philosophy: Ensures that all citizens can keep their identities, can take pride in their ancestry and have a sense of belonging in Canada
•Other countries with similar approaches include: Australia, United States, Argentina, Bulgaria, Netherlands, India, Philippines, Indonesia, etc.
GEOGRAPHIES OF EXCLUSION
INTERCULTURAL GEOGRAPHY (M-GGR/01)
PROFESSOR: CAROLINE DESBIENS
May 3rd
2012
Page 15 Master’s Degree in Planning and
Management of Tourism Systems
SOME PROBLEMS WITH AND CRITIQUES OF MULTICULTURALISM
•Québec has adopted a framework of « biculturalism »
•Aboriginal people do want want to be treated as just another part of the mosaik
•Immigrants and ethnic minorities feel « folklorised »
•Does not foster enough of a sense of belonging to a coherent, cultural / national entity that is Canada…
CANADIAN MULTICULTURALISM
FROM « BLOOD AND SOIL » NATIONALISM TO INCLUSIVE CITIZENSHIP
GEOGRAPHIES OF EXCLUSION
INTERCULTURAL GEOGRAPHY (M-GGR/01)
PROFESSOR: CAROLINE DESBIENS
May 3rd
2012
Page 16 Master’s Degree in Planning and
Management of Tourism Systems
If roots can be said to define identity,
what is the place of travel (routes) in
shaping identity as well?
GEOGRAPHIES OF EXCLUSION
INTERCULTURAL GEOGRAPHY (M-GGR/01)
PROFESSOR: CAROLINE DESBIENS
CAROLINE’S TRAVEL BIOGRAPHY :
The Oratoire St-Joseph
from my suburban
balcony. Visits on
Sundays. There is more
than my home, street,
school.
Montreal, St-Catherine
st. Discovering cafés,
lively streets, urban life.
To see and be seen by
people you don’t know.
I could be anyone.
Western Canada. I am
14 years old. First time
on a plane. Bavarian
town in the mountains.
Is this Germany?
French-Canadian
becomes my identity.
I come in contact with the
culture I grew up with. A
mutual feeling of being
foreign. Encounter with
cosmopolitanism. It’s tiring
to speak English all the time.
First sense of being a
minority.
Etc. Etc.
GEOGRAPHIES OF EXCLUSION
INTERCULTURAL GEOGRAPHY (M-GGR/01)
PROFESSOR: CAROLINE DESBIENS