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11
Foundations of Foundations of GovernmentGovernment
Review Flash CardsReview Flash Cards
Use your left or right arrows Use your left or right arrows to advance forward or to advance forward or
backwardsbackwards
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22
absolute monarchy
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33
Autocracy in which a king, queen, or
emperor exercises supreme powers of
government
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44
amendment
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55
Changes in, or additions to, a
document (e.g. U.S. Constitution)
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66
Anti-federalist
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77
The political leaders who were against ratification of the
Constitution because they though it gave too
much power to the federal government and
did not protect the political rights of the
people.
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88
Articles of Confederation
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99
First constitution of the United States, 1781.
Created a weak national government, replaced in 1789 by the Constitution of the United States.
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1010
authoritarian
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1111
A form of government in which those in
power hold absolute and unchangeable
authority over people such as in a
dictatorship.
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1212
authority
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1313
The right to enforce laws, exact obedience, command,
determine, or judge.
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1414
bicameral
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1515
A legislative body composed of two
chambers
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1616
bills of attainder
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1717
A legislative act that inflicts punishment
without a court trial.
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1818
Bill of Rights
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1919
First ten amendments to the Constitution which restrict the federal
government’s power to take away certain basic rights
of people.
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2020
checks and balances
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2121
Constitutional mechanisms that authorize each
branch of government to share
powers with the other branches and
therebycheck each other's
activities.
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2222
command economy
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2323
An economic system in which economic
decisions to answer the basic economic
questions of "what", "how", and "for whom"
are made by an authority such as a
feudal lord or government agency.
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2424
confederate/confederal
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2525
Closely associated for a common cause or
by treaty usually referring to a system of government such
as Articles of Confederation
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2626
consent of the governed
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2727
John Locke's ideas that the government
gets its right to govern from the people. Thomas
Jefferson included this principle in theDeclaration of Independence
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2828
Constitution
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2929
A set of customs, traditions, rules and laws that sets forth
the way a government is organized and
operated.
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3030
democracy
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3131
A form of government in which
political control is exercised by all people, either
directly or through their elected
representatives.
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3232
dictatorship
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3333
A government in which the leader
has absolute power and authority.
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3434
due process clause
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3535
Part of the Fourteenth Amendment that
guarantees that no state can deny basic rights to its people.
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3636
eminent domain
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3737
The power of the government to
take private property for public
use.
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3838
federal
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3939
A form of government in which a union or
states recognizes the sovereignty of a central authority while sharing powers with political units such as states.
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4040
federalism
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4141
A form of political organization in which government power is
divided between a central government
and territorial subdivisions.
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4242
Federalist
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4343
Supporters of a stronger central government who
advocated ratification of the
Constitution.
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4444
Fifth amendment
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4545
This amendment covers due process
and the rights of accused persons
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4646
framers of the Constitution
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4747
Group of delegates who drafted the United States Constitution at
the Philadelphia Convention in 1787.
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4848
limited government
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4949
A higher law such as a constitution which
declares it necessary to limit the powers of
government in order to protect
Individual civil liberties, political and economic
freedoms.
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5050
majority rule
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5151
A principle of democracy that asserts that the
greater number of citizens in any
political unit should select officials and determine policies.
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5252
mixed economy
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5353
An economy which relies on a combination of traditional decision
making, market decision making, and command
decision making in order to answer the basic
questions of what, how and for whom.
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5454
oligarchy
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5555
A form of government in which small,
usually self-appointed elite holds the power
to rule.
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5656
Parliamentary democracy
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5757
A form of government that gives government the authority to a
legislature or parliament which in
turn selects the executive among its
own members.
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5858
popular sovereignty
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5959
The rule by the people. Basic principle of the American System of
government that asserts that the people are the source of any and all
governmental power and that government can exist
only with the consent of the governed.
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6060
presidential democracy
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6161
A form of government in the
executive and legislative branches
is separate, independent, and
coequal.
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6262
ratification
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6363
Formal approval; final consent to the effectiveness of a
constitution, constitutional
amendment, or treaty.
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6464
representative democracy
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6565
A type of government in which
the people choose representatives to
vote and make laws for them
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6666
rule of law
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6767
The principle in which the law
applies to government officials
as much as to ordinary citizens.
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6868
separation of powers
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6969
The division of governmental power
among several institutions that must cooperate in decision-
making.
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7070
sovereignty
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7171
Supreme and absolute authority within territorial
boundaries.
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7272
totalitarian
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7373
A government that exercises dictatorial
(authoritarian) power over nearly
every aspect of human dignity.
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7474
traditional economy
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7575
A system wherein economic decisions that
people and groups make to answer the basic economic questions of "what”,” for
whom" and "how" generally repeat the decisions made at an
earlier time or by an earlier generation.
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7676
unitary government
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7777
A centralized system in which all
powers of government
belongs to a single, central agency.