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Transcript of 1 Ergonomics for Fire and EMS Departments Command Staff Ergonomics University of Oregon Labor...
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Ergonomics for Fire and EMS Departments
Command Staff ErgonomicsUniversity of Oregon
Labor Education and Research Center
This material has been made possible by a grant from the Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division, Department of Consumer and Business Services
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Today’s Workshop
• Cumulative Trauma
• Risk factors for musculoskeletal injury
• Elements of an ergonomics program
Will provide information on:
• Information resources for developing an ergonomics program in your department
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Fire and EMS Work
Requires workers to:• Always be prepared• Respond quickly• Think and react quickly• Not always be in control of schedule• Work in hazardous situations
Physically & Emotionally Demanding
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Cost of Injury• 31.4 % of firefighter injuries due to overexertion
• Overexertion is due to pushing, pulling, holding, carrying, wielding or throwing objects
• Per claim, average workers’ compensation cost of ALL injuries to firefighters = $5168
• Per claim, workers’ compensation average cost for overexertion = $9715
• Of this $9715, only $3458 was for direct medical costs
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Avoidable Injuries
Acute injuries•Happen immediately•Can become chronic•Re-injury possible
Chronic injuries•Pain or symptoms lasting more than a month
Cumulative trauma •Happens over time
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Cumulative Trauma Cycle
irritation to tissue
microtrauma (small tears)
produces scar tissue
Keeps repeating as long as
activity continues
Activity
results in: flexibility strength function
adhesions form
adhesions coalesce
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Repetitive Motions
Same posture or motions again and
again Repetitive motion can be very frequent over short period of time
Cumulative trauma can be less frequent but repeated over time
time injury
time injury
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Fatigue
Discomfort
Pain
Injury
Disability
Break the Injury Cycle
re-injury may be
likely
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Disc Herniations
•Disc damage is frequently the result of cumulative, repetitive trauma as well as overexertion
•Outer disc fibers repeatedly tear and heal as a result of repetitive overloading•The disc weakens overtime (years) leading to herniation of the nucleus, causing back and leg pain, and numbness
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What is Ergonomics?
The goal of ergonomics is to design the job to fit the worker,
NOT fit the worker to the job.
EnvironmentTask/job
Worker
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Musculoskeletal Risk Factors
Risk magnitude is increased by time, intensity, or combining factors
Excessive force/weight (pulling, pushing or lifting)Awkward posturesProlonged posturesRepetitionTemperature extremes
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Injury Prevention ProgramSAFETY ERGONOMICS HEALTH
ERGONOMICS TEAMlabor & management
TRAINING
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
risk factors identified
HAZARD PREVENTION& CONTROL
JOB ANALYSIS
REVIEW
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Ergonomics Program Elements
1) Assessment of musculoskeletal hazards
2) Prevention and control of musculoskeletal hazards
3) Training
4) A medical management system
5) Procedures for reporting injuries
6) A plan for the implementation of the program
7) Methods for evaluating the program
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1) Assessment of Hazards• A hazard analysis breaks a job down into
elements which can be described and measured
• It allows the inherent risk to be quantified
• It identifies the conditions within a job that contribute to risk•It is performed by person with ergonomics training
–Safety committee members–Line personnel
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When to do a Hazard Assessment
Identify jobs where:
– Work-related injuries have occurred previously
– Frequent severe or non-severe injuries occur
– Past injuries result in work restrictions
– Workers leave because of inability to perform the physical requirements of job
– Sustainable quality performance difficult
– Worker complaints of unresolving pain or fatigue
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Prevention and Control
Set short term and long term goals
Think outside the box – come up with many potential solutions
Decide on the optimal solution by consideringBarriersCostsAmount of risk
reduced
Line personnel think of great solutions!
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Ergonomic Solutions
Effectiveness Personal control
Bodymechanics
Personal protective equipment
Job organization
Equipment or Engineering
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3) Ergonomics Training
• Part of an ergonomics program is to provide training to fire and EMS personnel
• Ergonomics training curriculum is free from Oregon OSHA. Modules include:– “Introduction to Ergonomics and
Cumulative Trauma”– “Job Hazard Analysis”– “Developing and Implementing
Ergonomic Solutions”– “Bodymechanics & Back Health”
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4) Medical Management System
– Regular medical exams– Regular physical conditioning– Periodic fitness/wellness evaluations– Education/training
Preventive Measures:
Reactive Measures:
– Early recognition and treatment– Access to medical and
rehabilitative care– Alterative work– Workers’ compensation
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5) Injury Reporting System•Define what constitutes a ‘reportable injury’
– Not reporting may lead to more serious injuries
– Minor injury logs– Mechanism to report injuries
•Identify lines of responsibility
workersafety
committee
employer
medical provider
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Reporting Injuries• Train personnel
– Ergonomics– Record keeping
• Record keeping– Clearly identify injury cause– Differentiate between acute and
repetitive• Follow-up
– Feedback into the ergonomics program
– Identify and address hazard
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Gaining Support
• Part of existing safety and health program
• Management commitment• Worker involvement• Union involvement• Awareness and education
6) Implementing Your Program
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• Support from department, local government, community and line personnel essential
• Launch kick-off meeting by chief to explain program
• Establish ergonomics committee
• Establish lines of communication & responsibility
• Commit resources – time and money
Commitment & Involvement
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Ergonomics Committee
• Set short-term and long-term goals• Identify useful tools and resources • Develop ergonomic awareness• Identify & modify high risk activities via
– Risk assessments– Surveys– Injury-records
• Make necessary changes to work environment
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7) Evaluating Your Program
How do you know what is working?•Statistics
–Health–Program–General
•Cost / Benefit Analysis
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StatisticsHealth: reduction in• injury rate, severity• costs (overhead, medical, worker’s comp)• time loss
Program: numbers of
• hazards identified• solutions proposed• solutions approved• solutions
implemented
General: having
• appropriate equipment • improved work
environment• improved work practices• boosted morale• healthier relations
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Cost/Benefit Analysis
Pre-program injury costs
Implementing the program
Injury costs with program
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Ergonomic ResourcesFEMA: Fire and EMS Ergonomics
search for “ergonomics” on www.fema.gov/
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health:
Elements of Ergonomics Programs &Guide to Evaluating the Effectiveness of Strategies
for Preventing Work Injurieswww.cdc.gov/niosh/homepage.html
Oregon OSHA www.orosha.org/consult/ergonomic/ergonomics.htm
Federal OSHAwww.osha.gov/SLTC/ergonomics/index.html
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Conclusions• Cumulative trauma occurs over time• Applying ergonomics = injury
prevention = $$ saved• An ergonomics program is a
comprehensive approach at applying ergonomics
• Command staff are integral to a successful ergonomics program
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Questions and Evaluation
Thank you for your attention
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