1 Emergency care A first aid awareness course. Emergency care 2 What is emergency care? Simple,...
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Transcript of 1 Emergency care A first aid awareness course. Emergency care 2 What is emergency care? Simple,...
1
Emergency care
A first aid awareness course
Emergency care
2
What is emergency care?
• Simple, effective management or
• care given to a casualty of injury
• or sudden illness until more
• advanced care can
• be provided.
© RLSSA
Emergency care
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Aims of emergency care
• Preserve life
• Protect the unconscious casualty
• Prevent the condition worsening and relieve pain
• Promote recovery
Emergency care
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Priorities: primary survey
• Danger• Response• Send for help• Airway• Breathing• Circulation• Defibrilation
Check:
Emergency care
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Priorities: secondary survey
For a conscious casualty:
• obtain history
• check for vital signs
• note casualty symptoms
Emergency care
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Factors in controlling bleeding
• Pressure
• Elevation
• Rest and reassurance© RLSSA
Emergency care
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Shock
• Prevent further injury
• Control bleeding
• Reassure and rest casualty
• Maintain normal body temperature
• Elevate casualty’s legs if possible
• Do not give anything to eat or drink
• Call ambulance
Emergency care
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BurnDo:
• cool burns under cold gently running water
• remove jewellery
• cover burn with sterile non-stick dressing
• treat for shock.
Emergency care
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BurnsDon’t:
break blisters
apply lotions, ointments or creams
apply ice
remove clothing that sticks to the burned area.
Emergency care
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Choking If the casualty able to breathe:
• allow to cough without interference
Effective?
• allow to recover
• arrange for medical care.
Emergency care
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Choking If casualty is not able to breathe:• position head low• give four back blows• reassess breathing
Effective Ineffective
allow to recover place on sidearrange for medical care give four lateral chest thrusts
continue previous steps
monitor ‘ABC’
© RLSSA
Emergency care
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Asthma attack 1
Step 1 Sit the casualty upright, remain calm and provide reassurance. Do not leave the casualty alone.
Step 2 Give four puffs of a blue reliever puffer (Airomir, Amsol, Bricanyl or Ventolin), one puff at a time, preferably through a spacer device. Ask the casualty to take four breaths from the spacer after each puff.
Step 3 Wait four minutes.
Step 4 If there is little or no improvement, repeat steps 2 and 3.
Emergency care
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Asthma attack 2
• If there is still little or no improvement, call an ambulance immediately (dial 000).
• Continue to repeat steps 2 and 3 while waiting for the ambulance.
Emergency care
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Diabetes
• If conscious:
- give sugar
• If unconscious:
- call for medical assistance
- monitor ABC
- do not give sugar by mouth
Emergency care
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Seizures Call an ambulance if the casualty:• is an infant or child• remains unconscious• is injured• is pregnant• has diabetes• has repeated seizures• has no previous history of seizures• has seizure in water• has the seizure longer than a few minutes.
Remember:Clear the area (especially sharp objects)Do not restrain unless to avoid injuryIf on a hard surface, protect the casualty's head with clothingDo not place anything in the mouthPlace on the side as soon as possible after the seizure and maintain an open airway
Emergency care
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A poison can enter the body via:
Poison
ingestionabsorption
inhalationinjection
Patient conscious Patient unconscious
Contact the Poisons Information Centre (PIC) 131126 for advice first.
D R A B C
Emergency care
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Envenomation
Poison through bites and stings
• Snakes and funnel web spiders
– PIT (pressure immobilisation technique)
Emergency care
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Envenomation
Poison through bites and stings
• Insect bites and red back spider:
– apply ice pack
– apply PIT immediately if an allergic reaction occurs or if casualty is known to be allergic
© RLSSA
Emergency care
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Envenomation
poison through bites and stings
• marine stingers:
– hot water for scorpion or stone fish
– cold packs for jellyfish or bluebottles
Emergency care
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• Rest
• Ice
• Compression
• Elevation
• Referral
Sprains, strains and bruising
Emergency care
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Fractures
• Prevent further movement
• Support or immobilise injured part
• You will not need to use a splint if you are in a metropolitan area
Emergency care
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Exposure to heat
• Rest and reassure
• Gradually cool body surface
• Give cool water
Emergency care
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Exposure to cold
• Cover affected area with dressing
• Gradually warm body surface
• Give warm fluids