1 - Earth’s Layers The Earth's rocky outer crust solidified billions of years ago, soon after the...
-
Upload
estevan-crown -
Category
Documents
-
view
218 -
download
2
Transcript of 1 - Earth’s Layers The Earth's rocky outer crust solidified billions of years ago, soon after the...
![Page 1: 1 - Earth’s Layers The Earth's rocky outer crust solidified billions of years ago, soon after the Earth formed. This crust is not a solid shell; it is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649cb85503460f9497e319/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1 - Earth’s LayersThe Earth's rocky outer crust solidified billions of years ago, soon after the Earth formed.
This crust is not a solid shell; it is broken up into huge, thick pieces (Plates) that drift on top of the soft, underlying mantle.
![Page 2: 1 - Earth’s Layers The Earth's rocky outer crust solidified billions of years ago, soon after the Earth formed. This crust is not a solid shell; it is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649cb85503460f9497e319/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2 - The Crust
• Outermost layer• 5 – 100 km thick• Made of Oxygen, Silicon, Aluminum
![Page 3: 1 - Earth’s Layers The Earth's rocky outer crust solidified billions of years ago, soon after the Earth formed. This crust is not a solid shell; it is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649cb85503460f9497e319/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3 - The Mantle
• Layer of Earth between the crust and the core
• Contains most of the Earth’s mass
• Has more magnesium and less aluminum and silicon than the crust
• Is denser than the crust
![Page 4: 1 - Earth’s Layers The Earth's rocky outer crust solidified billions of years ago, soon after the Earth formed. This crust is not a solid shell; it is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649cb85503460f9497e319/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4 - The Core
• Below the mantle and to the center of the Earth
• Believed to be mostly Iron, smaller amounts of Nickel, almost no Oxygen, Silicon, Aluminum, or Magnesium
![Page 5: 1 - Earth’s Layers The Earth's rocky outer crust solidified billions of years ago, soon after the Earth formed. This crust is not a solid shell; it is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649cb85503460f9497e319/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Convection is like a boiling pot. Heated soup rises to the surface, spreads and begins to cool, and then sinks back to the bottom of the pot where it is reheated and rises again.
5 - Plate TectonicsThe Earth’s crust is broken into pieces also called Plates. The plates (pieces) are moving. The plates’ movement is driven by cooling of Earth (convection).
Modified from USGS Graphics
??
?
![Page 6: 1 - Earth’s Layers The Earth's rocky outer crust solidified billions of years ago, soon after the Earth formed. This crust is not a solid shell; it is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649cb85503460f9497e319/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6 - Plate Tectonics
• Greek – “tektonikos” of a builder• Pieces of the lithosphere that move
around• Each plate has a name• Fit together like jigsaw puzzles• Float on top of mantle similar to ice cubes
in a bowl of water
![Page 7: 1 - Earth’s Layers The Earth's rocky outer crust solidified billions of years ago, soon after the Earth formed. This crust is not a solid shell; it is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649cb85503460f9497e319/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7 - What are the two types of tectonic plates?
1)Lithosphere2) Asthenosphere
![Page 8: 1 - Earth’s Layers The Earth's rocky outer crust solidified billions of years ago, soon after the Earth formed. This crust is not a solid shell; it is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649cb85503460f9497e319/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8 - What is the Lithosphere?
Lithospheric plate• The 100-km-thick surface of the Earth;
• Contains crust and part of the upper mantle;• It is rigid and brittle;• Fractures to produce earthquakes.
![Page 9: 1 - Earth’s Layers The Earth's rocky outer crust solidified billions of years ago, soon after the Earth formed. This crust is not a solid shell; it is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649cb85503460f9497e319/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9 - What is the asthenosphere?
Asthenosphere:• Is the hotter upper mantle below the
lithospheric plate;• Can flow like silly putty; and• It is an elastic solid, NOT liquid!!
US
GS
Gra
phic
s
![Page 10: 1 - Earth’s Layers The Earth's rocky outer crust solidified billions of years ago, soon after the Earth formed. This crust is not a solid shell; it is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649cb85503460f9497e319/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10 - Different Types of Boundaries1) Transform (2) Divergent (3) Convergent
![Page 11: 1 - Earth’s Layers The Earth's rocky outer crust solidified billions of years ago, soon after the Earth formed. This crust is not a solid shell; it is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649cb85503460f9497e319/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11 - Three Basic Types of Plate Boundaries
Divergent
Convergent
Transform
USGS Graphics
Using hands to show relative motion
![Page 12: 1 - Earth’s Layers The Earth's rocky outer crust solidified billions of years ago, soon after the Earth formed. This crust is not a solid shell; it is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649cb85503460f9497e319/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12 - Three Basic Types of Plate Boundaries
Divergent
Convergent
Transform
USGS Graphics
![Page 13: 1 - Earth’s Layers The Earth's rocky outer crust solidified billions of years ago, soon after the Earth formed. This crust is not a solid shell; it is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649cb85503460f9497e319/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13 - Divergent Boundary – Arabian and African Plates
Arabian Plate
African Plate
Red Sea
![Page 14: 1 - Earth’s Layers The Earth's rocky outer crust solidified billions of years ago, soon after the Earth formed. This crust is not a solid shell; it is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649cb85503460f9497e319/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14 Divergent Boundary – Iceland
![Page 15: 1 - Earth’s Layers The Earth's rocky outer crust solidified billions of years ago, soon after the Earth formed. This crust is not a solid shell; it is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649cb85503460f9497e319/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15 -Convergent Boundary – Indian and Eurasian Plates
Indian Plate
Eurasian Plate
![Page 16: 1 - Earth’s Layers The Earth's rocky outer crust solidified billions of years ago, soon after the Earth formed. This crust is not a solid shell; it is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649cb85503460f9497e319/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16 - Transform Boundary – San Andreas Fault
![Page 17: 1 - Earth’s Layers The Earth's rocky outer crust solidified billions of years ago, soon after the Earth formed. This crust is not a solid shell; it is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649cb85503460f9497e319/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
There are a dozen large lithospheric plates (smaller plates not shown). Some plates have continents; some
don’t. All are in motion.
17 - Tectonic Plates
![Page 18: 1 - Earth’s Layers The Earth's rocky outer crust solidified billions of years ago, soon after the Earth formed. This crust is not a solid shell; it is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649cb85503460f9497e319/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
There are thousands of small earthquakes every day. “Strong”
earthquakes ( about magnitude of 7) occur once a month. Magnitude of over 8 occur
about once/year.
18 - Earthquakes
![Page 19: 1 - Earth’s Layers The Earth's rocky outer crust solidified billions of years ago, soon after the Earth formed. This crust is not a solid shell; it is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649cb85503460f9497e319/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Notice that the earthquakes coincide with plate boundaries, and the deepest quakes
(blue) are in subduction zones.
Modified from USGS Graphics
19 - Earthquakes & Plate Boundaries
![Page 20: 1 - Earth’s Layers The Earth's rocky outer crust solidified billions of years ago, soon after the Earth formed. This crust is not a solid shell; it is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649cb85503460f9497e319/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Modified from USGS Graphics
Volcanoes also tend to occur along the plate boundaries.
20 - Volcanoes & Plate Boundaries
![Page 21: 1 - Earth’s Layers The Earth's rocky outer crust solidified billions of years ago, soon after the Earth formed. This crust is not a solid shell; it is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649cb85503460f9497e319/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Plates move 1-10 centimeters per year (about the rate of fingernail growth).
21 - How fast are the plates moving?
![Page 22: 1 - Earth’s Layers The Earth's rocky outer crust solidified billions of years ago, soon after the Earth formed. This crust is not a solid shell; it is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649cb85503460f9497e319/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Review
• Name the 3 main layers of the Earth• What is a tectonic plate?• Name the three different types of plate
boundaries and one location on Earth for each one
![Page 23: 1 - Earth’s Layers The Earth's rocky outer crust solidified billions of years ago, soon after the Earth formed. This crust is not a solid shell; it is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649cb85503460f9497e319/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Review
• Name the 3 main layers of the Earth– Crust, mantle, core
• What is a tectonic plate?– Pieces of the lithosphere that move around
• Name the three different types of plate boundaries and one location on Earth for each one– Divergent, Convergent & transform
![Page 24: 1 - Earth’s Layers The Earth's rocky outer crust solidified billions of years ago, soon after the Earth formed. This crust is not a solid shell; it is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649cb85503460f9497e319/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
What type of boundary is this?
![Page 25: 1 - Earth’s Layers The Earth's rocky outer crust solidified billions of years ago, soon after the Earth formed. This crust is not a solid shell; it is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649cb85503460f9497e319/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
What type of boundary is this?
![Page 26: 1 - Earth’s Layers The Earth's rocky outer crust solidified billions of years ago, soon after the Earth formed. This crust is not a solid shell; it is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649cb85503460f9497e319/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
What type of plate boundary is this?