1 Dr. Md. Mamunur Rashid, 2013 Welcome to the Session of Dr. Md. Mamunur Rashid Bangladesh...
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Transcript of 1 Dr. Md. Mamunur Rashid, 2013 Welcome to the Session of Dr. Md. Mamunur Rashid Bangladesh...
1 Dr. Md. Mamunur Rashid, 2013
Different Methods of Accident Prevention
Contents of the Session
Causes of industrial accident and their prevention, Unsafe working condition, unsafe acts, Accident proneness, Direct and indirect losses from accident, Measurement of accidents, Frequency Rate, Severity Rate, Protective measures for accident prevention and measure against occupational hazards.
Dr. Md. Mamunur Rashid, 2013
Concepts of Accidents and Its Prevention
Dr. Md. Mamunur Rashid, 2013
In early days, there was popular misconception about accident; accident just happens, these are acts of God; these are shear bad luck of victims. But the truth is “accidents are caused and can be prevented.”
Concepts of Accidents and Its Prevention (cont’d)
Dr. Md. Mamunur Rashid, 2013
Fundamental safety concepts:Accidents are causedSteps must be taken to prevent accidentsThe same type of accident with recurs if corrective action is not taken.
Industrial Accident
Dr. Md. Mamunur Rashid, 2013
An industrial accident, means an occurrence in an industrial establishment causing bodily injury to a person who makes him unfit to resume his duties in 48 hours.
Industrial Accident (Cont’d)
Dr. Md. Mamunur Rashid, 2013
An industrial accident is an unexpected event, which is a sudden occurrence and must arise in the course of employment in an industrial establishment. The consequences of accident, which may be temporary or permanent and may also lead to death of workman.
Dr. Md. Mamunur Rashid, 2013
Accidents
The anatomy of an Accident Supervisor’s Safety Performance Physical condition of the worker Mental condition of the worker
Immediate causes
Contributions Causes
Unsafe acts and unsafe conditions
Results of Accidents
Production delays property damage Minor injuries Disabling injuries
Dr. Md. Mamunur Rashid, 2013
Direct causes
The anatomy of an Accident according to ANSI
Poor Management
Indirect causes
Basic Cause
Unsafe acts
Accidents fatality and injury property loss
Unplanned release of energy or hazardous material
Unsafe conditions
Basic Causes of Industrial Accident
Dr. Md. Mamunur Rashid, 2013
Management Safety Policy & DecisionsPersonal FactorsEnvironmental factors
Immediate Causes of Accident:Unsafe Acts
Dr. Md. Mamunur Rashid, 2013
• Operating without qualification or authorization.•Lack or improper use of PPE•Failure to secure equipments•Operating equipment at unsafe speed•Failure to warn•Bypass or removal of safety devices•Using defective equipment•Use of tools for other than their intended purpose.
Immediate Causes of Accident:Unsafe Acts (cont’d)
Dr. Md. Mamunur Rashid, 2013
•Working in hazardous locations without adequate protection or warning•Improper repair of equipment•Horseplay•Wearing unsafe clothing•Taking an unsafe position.
Immediate Causes of Accident:Unsafe Working Conditions
Dr. Md. Mamunur Rashid, 2013
•Inadequate supports or guards•Defective tools, equipment or supplies•Congestion of the workplace•Inadequate warning system•Fire and explosion hazards•Poor housekeeping•Hazardous atmosphere condition (gases, dust, fumes)•Excessive noise•Poor illumination ventilation•Radiation exposure.
Contributing Causes of Accident:Supervisory of Safety Performance
Dr. Md. Mamunur Rashid, 2013
• Inadequate safety instruction.•Safety rules not enforced• hazards not corrected•Safety not planned as part of the Job•Infrequent contacts with employee•Safety devices not provided
Contributing Causes of Accident:Mental Condition of Person
Dr. Md. Mamunur Rashid, 2013
• Lack of safety awareness• Lack of coordination•Improper attitude•Slow reaction•Inattention•Nervousness•Temperamentalism•Lack of emotional Stability
Contributing Causes of Accident:Physical Condition of Person
Dr. Md. Mamunur Rashid, 2013
• Extreme fatigue•Deafness•Poor Eyesight•Hearing condition•Crippling or other handicap•Physically unqualified
Causes of Accident:
Dr. Md. Mamunur Rashid, 2013
• Causes due to Poisonous Gases, Air etc.• Inadequate and ineffective supervision•Influence of Alcoholic Drinks or Drugs•Accidents due to Electrical Causes.
Causes of Accident:
Dr. Md. Mamunur Rashid, 2013
Immediate causes Contributing Causes
Fall, Slip, Slide, Collision, Being caught in or between, Burn and fatality
Annoyance, Production Delays, Reduced Quality, Spoilage, Property damage, Minor injuries and disabling injuries and fatality
Indirect Losses from Accident:
Dr. Md. Mamunur Rashid, 2013
•Payments for settlement of injury or death claims•Legal fees for defense against claims•Punitive damages that are assessed•Costs of rescue operations and equipment•Expenditure on emergency equipments•Recovery and salvage of damaged equipment and vehicles• loss of function and operations increase.•Slowdowns in operations while accident causes are determined and corrective actions taken.
Indirect Losses from Accident (cont’d)
Dr. Md. Mamunur Rashid, 2013
•Penalties for failure to take action to correct hazards or defects or conditional that violate statues such as OSHAct (occupational safety and health Act) standards.• Corrective actions to prevent recurrence of an accident• Degradation of efficiency of operations because of loss of experienced and trained personnel.•Trained costs for replacement.• Lost time of personnel other than those involved in accident and follows ups.
Indirect Losses from Accident (cont’d)
Dr. Md. Mamunur Rashid, 2013
•Lost time of personnel other than those involved in accident and follow-ups.•Obsolescence of parts for equipment destroyed.•Degradation of morale•Loss of public confidence and there fore revenue.•Loss of prestige.
Accident Prevention motives
Dr. Md. Mamunur Rashid, 2013
Three fundamentals reasons for understanding safety programs:-
Moral LegalEconomic
Factors influencing errors in Human Performance
Dr. Md. Mamunur Rashid, 2013
•Environment•Worker Capability•Skill Training•Motivation•Physical Condition•Errors in Human Performance•Performance Evaluation Standards
Dr. Md. Mamunur Rashid, 2013
Accident Cause ClassificationTotal Number of Accidents=551
a. Human Factor, 55% (303)i. Mis-operation, 29% (162)ii. Result of Poor supervision, 15% (77)iii. Unsafe Acts by workers, 6% (33)iv. Incomplete Check, 5% (30)
b. Physical Factor, 39% (216)i. Poor Maintenance, 30% (167)ii. Inferior design, 5% (26)iii. Defective Fabrication, 4% (23)
c. Others 6% (32) : i. Act of God, Unknown causesii. Outside disturbance and iii. Others
The common reasons behind an accident:
Dr. Md. Mamunur Rashid, 2013
•Management through Supervision
•Controls Man-Failure : Knowledge-Attitude-Fitness-Ability
Which causes or permits
Unsafe Mechanical or Physical Conditions
Unsafe Acts of Persons
Which causes
Accidents: 2% unpreventable; 98% preventable
Classification of Accidents
Dr. Md. Mamunur Rashid, 2013
• As per ILO• According to Agency• According to the nature of the injury•According to the bodily location of the injury• According to Probability types of accident
i. Frequentii. Probableiii. Occasionaliv. Remotev. Improbable
Agency
Dr. Md. Mamunur Rashid, 2013
•The agency is the object or substance which is most closely associated with the injury and which in general should have been properly guarded or adjusted: Machines, Pumps and prime movers, Elevators etc.
Agency Part
Dr. Md. Mamunur Rashid, 2013
•Agency part is the particular part of selected agency, which is closely associated with the injury, and which is general was defective or not properly guarded: Belts, Pullers, Chains Cables, Moving parts, Ignition, heating or cooling systems parts, Frame, bed valves, gaskets packing and safety devices.
Unsafe Mechanical or Physical condition
Dr. Md. Mamunur Rashid, 2013
• Improper guarded agencies• Defects of agencies•Hazardous arrangement/procedure in or around the selected agency.•Improper illumination•Improper ventilation•Unsafe dress
The unsafe Personal Factor: Improper Attitude
Dr. Md. Mamunur Rashid, 2013
• Willful disregard/ignorance of instructions•Violent temper•Absent-mindedness•Willful intent to injure•Fearful, Nervous, excitable•Reckless, Lazy, Disloyal•Oversensitive, Jealous, impatient•Intolerant, over confidence•Failure to understand instructions
The unsafe Personal Factor: Lack of knowledge or Skill
Dr. Md. Mamunur Rashid, 2013
• Insufficiently informed•Misunderstands•Indecisive not convinced of need
The unsafe Personal Factor: Bodily defects/Physical unsuitability
Dr. Md. Mamunur Rashid, 2013
• Hearing, sight•Age, Sex, Height•Illness•Allergy•Slow reaction, crippled•Physical handicap•Intoxication
Cost of Accident: Direct Cost
Dr. Md. Mamunur Rashid, 2013
• Payment of compensation to workmen for the injuries.
• Medical benefits to injured employees.• Loss due to waste of materials.• Loss in the production of goods and
services.• Cost of training the newly employed
workmen.
Cost of Accident: Indirect Cost
Dr. Md. Mamunur Rashid, 2013
• Illness of the employees which is forced because of injury.
• Reduction in earning capacity of a disabled workmen.
• Cost of time lost in resuming production and stoppage of work by others workmen.
• Agitations by trade unions and employees.• Loss of profit to organization due to
reduction in the quality of output.• Expenses incurred on overheads• Loss of orders from customers• Legal cost.
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Thanks for your attentions !