1 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider Overview on Grimm Aerosol Spectrometer for IAQ Part 1 Part 1 Motivation...
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Transcript of 1 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider Overview on Grimm Aerosol Spectrometer for IAQ Part 1 Part 1 Motivation...
1 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider
Overview onGrimm Aerosol Spectrometer for IAQ
Part 1Part 1 Motivation (dust, health, regulations, …) Principle function (optical light scattering) Models and specifications
Part 2Part 2 Applications Occupational Health/Research
2 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider
The Hazard potential of airborne aerosols is not alone given by the total mass of the dust.
A further danger proceeds from the size distribution of airborne particles.
Therefore a system should be able to measure both mass and size (with high accuracy and time resolution)!
Motivation: what‘s dust?
PM10 Filter Lienz, 20.12.2002Day-mean PM10: 57µg/m³
soot (0.1-1µm)raod traffic
glas spheres (1.5-3µm)domestic combustion
road salt (4µm)antropogenic mineral dust (3-10µm)
wind erosion
bacteria (app. 1.5µm)natural, wind erosion
3 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider
Motivation: Effect on human health, Deposition of dust in the human lung
Inhaled dust Inhalable FractionInhalable Fraction
Fraction passing the larynx and getting into the thorax Thoracic FractionThoracic Fraction
The fine particles, entering the more than 300 Mio. alveolic bubbles Alveolic FractionAlveolic Fraction
4 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider
Motivation: legal situation, outdoor and indoor (workplace, IAQ)
7 2777 101 80
362
675
0
100
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back-ground
rural city highway garage flat pub
PM
10 [
µg/
m³]
Quelle: Fellner-et-al, Endbericht, Chemische Charakterisierung von PM10 in Graz
40µg/m³
guideline 1999/30/EGsince 1. 2005limit value for
PM10 (year): 40µg/m³PM10 (day): 50µg/m³(50µg/m³ allowed only for
35 days/year!)
guideline for workplaces e.g. EN 481limit values
(MAK, PEL, OEL,...) mostly for 8h working
time
Indoor (IAQ)no limit values but
recomended values only
5 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider
Regulations: mass fractions PMx for environment (outdoor)
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1 10 100
aerodynamic particle diameter [µm]
pe
rce
nta
ge
of
tota
la
irb
orn
e p
art
icle
s [
%]
PM2.5 PM10
6 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider
Regulations: mass fractions EN 481 for workplaces (indoor)
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1 10 100
aerodynamic particle diameter [µm]
pe
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of
tota
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irb
orn
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art
icle
s [
%]
alveolic
inhalablethoracic
7 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider
Regulations: mass fractions indoor and outdoor
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1 10 100
aerodynamic particle diameter [µm]
pe
rce
nta
ge
of
tota
la
irb
orn
e p
art
icle
s [
%]
alveolic
inhalablethoracic
PM2.5PM10
8 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider
Workplace: limit values
The most important standards and rules for the workplaces are:
EN 481 (inhalable, thoracic and respirable fraction)
ISO 7708 (like EN 481)
TRGS 900 (Technical Rules of Dangerous Materials)
OSHA Standard No. 1910 (Occupational Safety and Health Administration)
DINISO 7708
9 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider
Workplace: example TRGS
limit valuesCAS No.material
A = respirable
E = inhalable
gaseousppm mg/m³
CAS-Nr. = Chemical Abstract Service Registry Number
10 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider
Workplace: limit values
The limit values are set up and published through:
CEN (Europen Committee for Standardization)
DIN (Deutsches Institut für Normung)
BGIA (Occupational Institute for Industrial Safety)
NIOSH (National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health)
OSHA (Occupational Safety + Health Administration)
11 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider
Applications: Grimm Aerosol TechnikIndoor Air Monitor Instruments
For all applications where particle number For all applications where particle number concentration or particle mass (according to concentration or particle mass (according to EN 481, mass distribution orEN 481, mass distribution orindoor vs. outdoor) is needed,indoor vs. outdoor) is needed, with high time and sizewith high time and size resolution and for battery resolution and for battery powered portable use! powered portable use! This is the GRIMM This is the GRIMM Indoor Air MonitoringIndoor Air Monitoringproduct line!product line!
12 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider
Principle: single particle light scattering, Grimm spectrometer principle
13 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider
Principles of particle detection: Dual!high end spectrometry + gravimetric filter
aerosol focusingaerosol focusing
in real timefor particle number concentration andsize distribution
for gravimetric validationof particle mass
Dual technologyin one device!Grimm patent!
14 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider
Principles of particle detection: Dual!high end spectrometry + gravimetric filter
filter chamber, open with 47 mm PTFE filter
particle number concentration andsize distribution withhigh time resolution and size resolution
15 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider
TSPWRAC
(Wilson and Suh, 1996)
Particle Size in (µm)
TSPHi-vol
Mas
s/
l
og
D (
µg
3 /m
3 )
GRIMM AEROSOL SPECTROMETER RANGE – 31 channels
Mass size distributions and size fractions
PM10PM2.5
PM1
DIFFUSION SEDIMENTATION
16 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider
specification: Grimm spectrometer 1.109 with 31 size channels and integrated PFTE-filter
Specifications #1.109
Particle counting up to 2 000 000 P/lDust range [µg/m³] 0.1…>100 000 Size Range [µm] 0.25…>32 Size channels [µm] 31 channels counts
32 channels mass (0.23)/0.25/0.28/0.3/0.35/0.4/0.45/0.5/0.58/0.65/0.7/0.8/1/1.3/1.6/2/2.5/3/3.5/4/5/6.5/7.5/8.5/10/12.5/15/17.5/20/25/30/32 µmSample air flow rate 1.2 l/min, volume controlledPower supply battery 12VDC (up to 8h) or 110…230VACWeight/Dimensions 2.4 kg (5.3lb) with battery / 24 x 13 x 7 cm
Particle concentration in particles/litre, for all size channels or Particle mass in µg/m³, for all size channels
Particle mass fractions in µg/m³, simultaneously according to EN 481 occupational (inhalable, thoracic, respirable) and
environmental (PM10, PM2.5, PM1)
Data output via Windows®
software
17 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider
specification: 1.129 Sky-OPC with critical orifice, independent of ambient pressure
Specifications #1.129
Particle counting up to 2 000 000 P/lDust range [µg/m³] 0.1…>100 000 Size Range [µm] 0.25…>32 Size channels [µm] 31 channels counts
32 channels mass (0.23)/0.25/0.28/0.3/0.35/0.4/0.45/0.5/0.58/0.65/0.7/0.8/1/1.3/1.6/2/2.5/3/3.5/4/5/6.5/7.5/8.5/10/12.5/15/17.5/20/25/30/32 µmPower supply 12 VDC external, onlySample air flow rate 1.2 l/min constant, with critical orificeWeight/Dimensions 2.915 kg / 25.5 x 18.2 x 7.2 cm
Particle concentration in particles/litre, for all size channels or Particle mass in µg/m³, for all size channels.
No filter validation for Particle mass fractions according to EN 481 occupational (inhalable, thoracic, respirable)
and environmental (PM10, PM2.5, PM1)
Data output via Windows®
software
18 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider
specification: 1.209 Bioaerosol spec. with particle sampling on glass slide (+ microscope)
Specifications #1.109
Particle counting up to 2 000 000 P/lDust range [µg/m³] 0.1…>100 000 Size Range [µm] 0.25…>32 Size channels [µm] 31 channels counts
32 channels mass (0.23)/0.25/0.28/0.3/0.35/0.4/0.45/0.5/0.58/0.65/0.7/0.8/1/1.3/1.6/2/2.5/3/3.5/4/5/6.5/7.5/8.5/10/12.5/15/17.5/20/25/30/32 µmSample air flow rate 1.2 l/min, volume controlledPower supply battery 12VDC (up to 8h) or 110…230VACWeight/Dimensions 2.4 kg (5.3lb) with battery / 24 x 13 x 7 cm
Particle concentration in particles/litre, for all size channels or Particle mass in µg/m³, for all size channels.
No filter validation for Particle mass fractions according to EN 481 occupational (inhalable, thoracic, respirable)
and environmental (PM10, PM2.5, PM1)
Data output via Windows®
software
19 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider
specification: 1.320 Nano attachmentfor 1.108/1.109 measures Nano counts and mean diameter
Specifications #1.320
Size Range 25…300nmSize channels 1 accumulative Particle counting >500 P/ccmSample air flow rate 1.2 l/min, via 1.10X
volume controlledPower supply battery 12VDC (16h)
or 110…230VACWeight/Dimensions 1.4 kg / 12 x 7 x 7 cm
Mean particle concentration in particles/ccm, for whole size range and mean particle diameter in nm.
Data output via Windows®
software
Portable, no butanol, no radioaktive source!Portable, no butanol, no radioaktive source!
20 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider
Applications:IAQ and Occupational
model 1.108 and 1.109model 1.108 and 1.109Occupational workplace monitoring EN 481 monitoring and PTFE-filter analysis for heavy metal Nano Counter attachment for Indoor application, model 1320
IAQ (indoor air quality) monitoring laser printer emissions, IAQ mass fractions and counts ventilation efficiency control at workplaces
IAQ-research passive smoking, comparison indoor and outdoor (PM, EN 481) emissions of laser printers, with high time resolution
Industrial process control isokinetic in stack sampling droplet measurements, size distribution stationary and mobile monitoring of dust with alarm unit
21 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider
Applications: Filter testing,ventilation control, Wide Range
continuing model 1.108 and 1.109continuing model 1.108 and 1.109Atmospheric research measurements with airplanes, battery powered high time resolution vertical profiling of urban aerosols
WRAS Wide Range Aerosol Spectrometer emission control and ambient air monitoring
model 1.129 Sky-OPC, 1.209 Bioaerosol Spec.model 1.129 Sky-OPC, 1.209 Bioaerosol Spec.Atmospheric researchBioaerosol research and monitoring
model 7.300, 7.309, 7.310 an 7.209model 7.300, 7.309, 7.310 an 7.209Filter-testing, ventilation control filter test systems, filter test rig online ventilation control
10th China Aerosol Conference Changchun, July 26-Aug. 1, 2009 15/20
Measurement ResultsMeasurement Results
Measured along the highway from Graz to Linz in Austria. Austria is a mountainous country in central Europe and thus many highways often pass through many mountain tunnels
Spectrometer 1.109A car (TDS BMW)
ran in front of our car.
Gleinalmtunnel (8.3km)
Bolsrucktunnel (5.5km)
Speringtunnel 2.8km and
Klausertunnel 2.1km
When we passed by some heavy duty trucks (LKW), the instrument showed several subpeaks.
23 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider
Applications: Occupational work- place monitoring + PTFE filter for chemistry
1.108 in indoor fibre-glass protection housing, model 164, with sensor for temperature and relative humidity. PTFE filter used for chemical analysis of heavy metal.Work place monitoring in production area, Ecoanalytic, Switzerland, 2008
24 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider
Applications: Occupational work- place monitoring + 1320 Nano attachment
1.108 or 1.109 with Nano attachment model 1320 for workplace monitoring of ultra fine particles and dust mass fractions (or counts), with one portable system.Grimm Aerosol Technik, 2008
25 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider
Nanoparticle Exposure during Soldering
1000
10000
100000
1000000
09:00 09:10 09:20 09:30 09:40 09:50 10:00
time
num
ber
conc
entr
atio
n [#
/cm
3 ]
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
mea
n di
amet
er [
nm]
number concentration
mean diameter
background
solderingcombustion and decay
26 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider
Applications: IAQ Indoor Air Quality monitoring of laser printer emissions
1.108 online IAQ monitoring for fast resultsin offices. Emissions of laser printers (IAQ mass fractions and counts in 15 channels).
IAQ measurement in office, Landesamt für Verbraucherschutz, Magdeburg, Germany, 2008
IAQ mass fractions
counts (15 channels)
27 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider
Applications: IAQ Indoor Air Quality, ventilation control
1.108 with sampling inlet 1.111 and sensor for humidity, temperature and velocity model 1.154.Control of ventilation system at workplaces.
IAQ measurement in production area, TECAN, Austria 2006
1
10
100
1000
10000
15:04 15:09 15:14 15:19 15:24 15:29 15:34 15:39time
part
icle
num
ber
conc
entr
atio
n [li
tre-1
]
>0,3µm>0,5µm>1µm>5µm
28 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider
Applications: IAQ-researchIndoor Air Quality, PM values in Pubs
Online measurement outdoor and indoor with 1.108 and sampling inlet model 1.111 acc. to European guideline EN 481, measuring simultaneouslyinhalable, thoracic and alveolic mass fraction (or PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 for relative comparisons).
Landeskrankenhaus Salzburg, Lungenabteilung, 2006
29 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider
Applications: IAQ-researchPM in offices, Scientific research
Measuring particle emission from copy machines and laser printers in offices online with high time resolution with 1.108.
University of Gießen, Germany, 2006
Printing!
30 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider
Applications: Industrial process control, isokinetic in stack sampling
Model 1.152 sampling probe for isokinetic in stack sampling with four changeable inlets for air speeds up to 25m/s and air recirculation with pipe in pipe technology to measure without exerting pressure!
31 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider
Applications: Industrial process controlfor solid particles AND liquid droplets
1.109 with model 1.152 for isokinetic sampling and model 1.154 sensor for humidity, temperature and velocity. Measuring of particle size distribution of droplets under various operation conditions.
LUMI Michelbach, Germany and Grimm Aerosol Technik, 2008
0,001
0,01
0,1
1
10
100
1000
10000
0,1 1 10Optical Latex-Equivalent diametr Dp, [µm]
dN/d
log(
Dp)
, [cc
m-1
]
air in
air out - OK wet
air out - simulation of male function
32 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider
Applications: Industrial process control, stationary and mobile with alarm unit
1.108 with acoustical and visual alarm unit in indoor fibre-glass protection housing, model 164 with T and rH sensor.
EADS, Augsburg, 2007
1.108 with acoustical and visual alarm unit (model 1.147C),
if a dust threshold is exceeded. Specification: 110dB sound and
flashing light.
33 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider
Applications: atmospheric research, airborne particle distribution
Airplane measurements with 1.108 for particle size distribution, online and battery powered!
Campaign in Australia, IMK-Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, 2007
34 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider
Applications: atmospheric researchphysical properties and chemistry
Spectrometer mounted at a Cessna wing cross beam with a isokinetic inlet for particle sampling inlet during flight.
University of Hohenheim and FU-Berlin, 1998Engelhardt T., (2005): Lasermikrosonden-Massenspektrometrie atmosphärischer Aerosolpartikel.Dissertation, Universität Hohenheim, 2004, ISBN 3-8322-3598-1, Shaker Verlag GmbH, Aachen.
1.108 spectrometer
mini-cascade impactorsfor aerosol particle sampling
isokinetic sampling probe
plexiglas wind protection
35 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider
Applications: atmospheric researchvertical aerosol profiling, Milano, Italy
1.108 spectrometer for verticalaerosol profiling with a balloon
With permission of Luca Ferrero,Milano Bicocca University, Italy,presented at EAC, Salzburg 2007
36 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider
Applications: mobile WRAS for exhaust emissions, 3 locations, Bozen, Italy
0,0001
0,001
0,01
0,1
1
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100
1000
10000
100000
1000000
10000000
1 10 100 1000 10000 100000
particle diameter [nm]
dN/d
ln(D
) [cm
- ³ ]
background air nanobackground air fine dustexhaust air nanoexhaust air fine dusthighway nanohighway fine dust
Background air
Highway
Sampling system, with permission of Dioxin Monitoring Systems, Kottingbrunn, Austria
WRAS SMPS+C and 1.108
Thermal wastecombustion energy plant
Exhaust air
37 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider
Applications: atmospheric research inhigh altitudes, Sky-OPC model 1.129
IfT Leipzig, Germany, 2008
Helicopter carried platform ACTOS with 1.129 Sky-OPC for measuring submicron particles with 1 second time resolution up to 6km altitude, independent on air pressure.
38 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider
Applications: Bioaerosol research,model 1.209 Bioaerosol spectrometer
In the lab: Bio-aerosol wind tunnel for testing emission and impaction of micro organisms.
In the field: Bioaerosol particles sampled in a stable
for animal husbandry.
University of Hannover, Institute of Animal Science, Germany, 2007
39 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider
Applications: Filter testingprinciples
- volume controlled filter test, simultaneous upstream and downstream measurements- continuous filter testing for ventilation control- filter test according to ASHRAE- automobile filter test according to ISO 5011- and others
40 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider
Applications: Filter tests,test rigs with Grimm technology inside
Filter test system e.g. with Grimm Model 7.309 (fine) or
7.310 (coarse) for validation of air filters, e.g. used for cars
and automotive industry.Mann + Hummel, Germany published in “Messen und Sensorik” 2008
Filter, used in Audi A8
41 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider
Applications: Ventilation controlwith 7.209 dual filter tester
Electrostatic participator
for 50 m³/sec Airflow
Online efficiency control of ventilation systems (e.g. electrostatic participators in tunnels) with dual filter tester model 7.209.Upstream and downstream simultaneously!Data output in counts (31 channels) or mass.
Filtrontec, Germany (tunnel project Calle30, Madrid, Spain), 2007-2008
42 Dr. Friedhelm Schneider
Grimm instruments measure
particle numbernumber concentrationand particle sizesize
and you can obtain particle massmass
with high time resolution and high accuracy!For indoor AND outdoor application!