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Developing TechnologiesThe Gateway to a Sustainable Energy Future

Thusitha SugathapalaDirector General

Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy AuthorityMinistry of Environment and Renewable Energy

2nd September 2013

CURRENT STATUS AND ISSUES OF SUSTAINABLE ENERGY DOMAIN IN SRI LANKA

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Content

• Sustainable Energy Domain

• National Energy Balance

• Electricity Sector

• Transport Sector

• Energy Resources

• Future Trends in Electricity Sector

• Energy Conservation & Management

• Key Challenges / Strengths

• Possibilities for TT and R&D

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SUSTAINABLE ENERGY DOMAIN• The Pathway of Sri Lanka

A. Developing Renewable EnergyB. Energy Efficiency Improvements, Conservation and

ManagementC. Less Energy Intensive Economy (Energy Modesty)

A

B C

Pathway for Green Economy

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NATIONAL ENERGY BALANCE• Primary Energy Supply by Source

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

Pri

mar

y E

ner

gy

Su

pp

ly (

kTO

E)

Year

New RE

Large Hydro

Coal

Petroleum

Biomass

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NATIONAL ENERGY BALANCE• Primary Energy Supply by Source in 2011

Source ktoe %Biomass 4944.40 43.66Petroleum 4914.80 43.39Coal 324.00 2.86Major Hydro 964.20 8.51New Renewable Energy 178.40 1.58

Biomass43.7%

Petroleum43.4%

Coal2.9%

Major Hydro8.5%

New Renewable

Energy1.6%

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NATIONAL ENERGY BALANCE• Energy Consumption by Sector

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

Ener

gy C

onsu

mpti

on b

y Se

ctor

s (kT

OE)

Year

Household, Comercial & Others

Transport

Industry

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NATIONAL ENERGY BALANCE• Energy Consumption by Sector in 2011

Sector ktoe %Industry 2175.7 24.39Transport 2459.7 27.57Household, Commercial & Others 4284.9 48.00

Industry24.4%

Transport27.6%

Household, Commercial &

Others48.0%

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NATIONAL ENERGY BALANCE• Sectoral Energy Consumption by Source in 2011

Biomass72.8%

Petroleum11.6%

Coal2.3%

Electricity13.4%

Industrial Sector

Biomass78.0%

Petroleum8.8%

Electricity13.3%

Household, Commercial & others Sector

Gasoline27.3%

Diesel60.5%

Av. Fuel12.1%

Transport Sector

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ELECTRICITY SECTOR• Gird Electricity – An Overview in 2012

Electrification Level of HHsTotal 94%National Grid 92%Off-Grid 2%

Grid Emission FactorIn 2009: 0.6520 t-CO2/MWhIn 2010: 0.6302 t-CO2/MWhIn 2011: 0.7269 t-CO2/MWh

Installed CapacityTotal Capacity 3,316 MW

Hydro 1,357 MWCEB Thermal 854 MWPPP Thermal 784 MWNRE 321 MW

Peak Demand 2,146 MWElectricity GenerationGross Generation: 11,800 GWh

Hydro 23%Thermal-Oil 59%Thermal-Coal 12%NRE 6%

Small Hydro Wind Biomass Solar Total

No. MW No. MW No. MW No. MW No. MW

107 234.1 9 73.7 3 11.5 3 1.4 122 321

New Renewable Energy

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ELECTRICITY SECTOR• Total Installed Capacity by Type of Power Plant

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ELECTRICITY SECTOR• Gross Generation by Type of Power Plant

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ELECTRICITY SECTOR• Gross Generation by Type of Power Plant - 2011

Large Hydro34.6%

Thermal (Oil)

50.4%

Thermal (Coal)8.8%

New RE6.2%

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ELECTRICITY SECTOR• Consumption by Consumer Category

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ELECTRICITY SECTOR• Consumption by Consumer Category in 2011

Sector Annual Consumption

GWh % Industry & Commercial - Large & medium 4,677 46.7 Industry & Commercial - Small 1,167 11.6 Religious 60 0.6 Domestic 3,980 39.7 Street Light 140 1.4 Total 10,024 100

Indus-try & Com-

mercial - Large & medium46.7%

Indus-try & Com-

mercial - Small11.6%

Reli-gious 0.6%

Domes-tic

39.7% Street Light 1.4%

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ELECTRICITY SECTOR• Consumption by Consumer Category in 2011

Garment industry

Food industry (including farms and

restaurants)

Metal crushing

Coconut estate and fiber products

Leather and Rubber, including rubber

estatesWater pumping

Dessicated coconut industry Inland transport

Metal Industry (iron, aluminium etc)

Cement, roofing materials, porcelain Tea industry Rice millsRecreation and sports

Hotel industryChemical and mining Industries

Property development and large scale building management

Supermarket chains

Electricity generation and distribution

Non-classified industries

Airport and sea portsHospitals

Wood products

EducationTelecommunicationFinancial institutions

Plastic, polythene, pvc

Nonclassified government organization

Defence

Mass media Packaging industry

Other, mainly commercial buildings

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ELECTRICITY SECTOR• System Load Profile

ELECTRICITY SECTOR• Rural Electrification

Solar Home Systems About 150,000 systems Hindered the progress due to lack of after-sale services

Village Hydro About 280 plants catering for 7000 households About 30 villages received grid electricity Three pilot projects on feeding to national grid

Pico Hydro About 2000 systems

Small wind turbines About 20 plants of capacities 100 – 200 W

Biomass (Dendro-Power) Biomass Gasifier – IC Engine technology Few plants installed but not very successful

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TRANSPORT SECTOR• Active Vehicle Fleet - Estimates

0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

3,500,000

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Acti

ve V

ehic

le P

opul

ation

Year

Motor Cycles

Three Wheelers

Motor Cars

Buses

Dual Purpose

Lorries

Land Vehicles

0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

3,500,000

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Acti

ve V

ehic

le P

opul

ation

Year

Motor Cycles

Three Wheelers

Motor Cars

Buses

Dual Purpose

Lorries

Land Vehicles

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Buses56.9%

Motor Cars8.8%

Vans11.6%

Three Wheelers

9.3%

Motor Cycles13.4%

TRANSPORT SECTOR• Active Vehicle Fleet - 2011

Motor Cycles52.6%

Motor Cars9.9%

Three Wheelers16.9%

Dual Purpose6.3%

Buses1.0% Lorries

6.4%

Land Vehicles7.0%

Vehicle Category Number %Motor Cycles 1,762,195 52.6Motor Cars 329,977 9.9Three Wheelers 565,362 16.9Dual Purpose 210,313 6.3Buses 33,245 1.0Lorries 213,939 6.4Land Vehicles 234,053 7.0Total 3,349,084 100.0

Modal Share

(% Passenger km)

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ENERGY RESOURCES• Main Categories

Fossil Fuels Global resources Renewable (RE) Resources Indigenous resources

• Fossil Fuels Petroleum Oil

Furnace Oil Diesel Kerosene / Aviation Oil Petrol Naphtha

LPG Coal

Refined from Imported Crude Oil/Importation of Refined Oil

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ENERGY RESOURCES• RE Resources

Conventional RE Resources New Renewable Energy (NRE) Resources

• Conventional RE Resources Conventional Biomass Thermal Energy Large Hydro Grid Electricity

• NRE Resources Small Hydro Wind Solar Modern Biomass Biofuels Geothermal Ocean Thermal/ Wave/ Tidal

Already being harnessed

Yet to be harnessed

ENERGY RESOURCES• Solar Resource Map

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Spatial distribution of annual average Global Horizontal Irradiation (kWh/m2/year)

ENERGY RESOURCES• Wind Resource Map

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Mannar Region

Classification Extent ( km2 ) Wind power potential ( MW) Excellent 13 65 Very good 59 295 Good 13 65 Moderate 41 205 Poor 42 210 Restricted 152 760

Spatial distribution of annual average Wind Speeds (m/s)

ENERGY RESOURCES• Small Hydro Resource Map

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Low

Medium

High

ENERGY RESOURCES• Biomass

Biomass potential from dedicated plantation

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Availability of Land

Intercropping / under-cropping with other plantations: Coconut, Tea

Homeland (Out growers)

Land for dedicated plantation- Scrub land- Sparsely used cropland- More than 1 million ha- 10 - 20 dry tons/ha/yr

Scrub Land

• Biomass Biomass potential from dedicated plantation:

Declaration of “Gliricidia” as 4th plantation crop, Sustainable plantation concepts for not only monoculture farming

but also intercropping / under-cropping in agricultural lands.

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ENERGY RESOURCES

• Geothermal

Local resource potential Ten sites have been

identified in preliminary studies

Detailed studies are yet to be carried out

ENERGY RESOURCES

• Sea Wave Technologies

Yet to be commercialized

Potential in Sri Lanka Total potential - 2000 MW Potential HEZ - 200 MW

ENERGY RESOURCES

FUTURE TRENDS IN ELECTRICITY SECTOR• Sri Lanka Energy Demand – Projections

Electricity

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Year Installed Capacity (MW)

Small Hydro Wind Biomass Solar Total

2015 350 230 40 30 650

2020 400 400 140 160 1100

FUTURE TRENDS IN ELECTRICITY SECTOR• CEB Generation Plan – Base Case

Energy Mix (without NRE)

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FUTURE TRENDS IN ELECTRICITY SECTOR• NRE Road Map

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No District Biomass Solar Wind Hydro Total1 Ampara 30 0 0 0 302 Anuradhapura 15 30 0 2 473 Badulla 15 0 60 61 1364 Batticaloa 15 0 0 0 155 Colombo 40 0 0 0 406 Galle 15 0 0 12 277 Gampha 5 0 0 0 58 Hambantota 15 100 60 1 1769 Jaffna 0 0 100 0 10010 Kalutara 30 0 0 3 3311 Kandy 15 0 30 80 12512 Kegalle 0 0 0 94 9413 Kilinochchi 15 30 60 0 10514 Kurunegala 30 30 0 0 6015 Mannar 0 0 260 0 26016 Matale 0 0 30 38 6817 Matara 15 0 0 13 2818 Monaragala 30 15 0 6 5119 Mullaittivu 15 0 30 0 4520 Nuwara Eliya 0 0 60 133 19321 Polonnaruwa 15 30 0 8 5322 Puttalam 15 0 260 0 27523 Ratnapura 0 0 30 151 18124 Trincomalee 15 0 30 0 4525 Vavuniya 15 15 0 0 30 Total 360 250 1010 602 2222

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FUTURE TRENDS IN ELECTRICITY SECTOR• NRE Road Map

Progress as at 15th August 2013) 334 MW, 7% Grid-electricity generation

TechnologyStatus

Small Hydro Wind Biomass Solar Total

No. MW No. MW No. MW No. MW No. MW

Commissioned 118 243.2 9 73.0 4 16.5 3 1.4 134 334.0

Energy Permits 95 191.0 5 32.3 18 99.75 1 10.0 119 332.0

Provisional Approvals 75 98.0 2 20.0 8 45.0 8 72.0 94 235.0

FUTURE TRENDS IN ELECTRICITY SECTOR

• Off-grid / Rural Electrification Solar Home Systems

About 30,000 systems Capacity Range: 20 – 60 W

Village Hydro About 25 plants catering for 500 households About 30 villages catering for 500 households About 50 projects feeding to national grid

Pico Hydro About 500 systems

Electrification of Remote Islands Four Wind-Solar-Diesel Hybrid systems catering to 2000

households

ENERGY CONSERVATION & MANAGEMENT

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• Energy Intensity and Industrial CompetitivenessAbility to produce and export manufactured goods competitively

Sri Lanka

Energy Intensity (ToE per US$ 1000 Manufacturing Value Added)

Co

mp

etit

ive

Ind

ust

rial

Per

form

ance

In

dex

Japan

ENERGY CONSERVATION & MANAGEMENT

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• Activities of SLSEA

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Regulations Energy Services Awareness Financing

Accred

itation

of

En

ergy M

anag

er / En

ergy A

ud

itor

Energy Efficient Building

Code

Secto

r specific en

ergy efficien

cy p

rog

ramm

es (Ho

tel, Tea, Water

Pu

mp

ing

, Go

v. Secto

r Bu

ildin

gs,

…)

Energy Labeling of Appliances

Pro

ject form

ulatio

n an

d

imp

lemen

tation

thro

ug

h E

SC

Os

Pro

vide so

ph

isticated in

strum

ents

for en

ergy au

ditin

g

Su

stainab

le Gu

arantee F

acility

Co

nd

uct Train

ing

and

Aw

areness P

rog

ramm

es

Introduction of Energy subject to School curricula

Imp

lemen

ting

Natio

nal E

nerg

y A

ward

Industry

Commercial

General Public

Man

dato

ry En

ergy A

ud

iting

/ C

on

sum

ptio

n D

ata Rep

ortin

g

Fuel economy standards Transport

ISO

50001 E

nerg

y Man

agem

ent S

ystem

• National Energy Management Plan (EnMAP) Developed for the 5-year period from 2012 to 2016.

It shall serve as a guide to embark on an integrated and cohesive programme of work with a long term perspective to realize better energy efficiency in all sectors.

Cost: Around LKR 1.2 billion; Benefits: LKR 135 billion in 5 yrs

ENERGY CONSERVATION & MANAGEMENT

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National Energy Management Plan

2012 - 2016

EnMAP

Sri Lanka

Sustainable Energy Authority SLSEA

March 2012

Main Activities: Conducting awareness & training

programmes and promoting services Secure funds Establishment of Energy Management Cells Providing Advisory & Counseling services Promoting ISO 50001 Introducing Standards & Regulations Carrying out Research & Development Establishment of Pilot Projects Introducing Market Based Instruments Rewarding of achievements

• Other National Programmes ISO 50001 Certification – Technical assistance and certification

jointly with SLSI. Energy productivity improvement in small and medium

institutions – National Productivity Secretariat Regional Operations (Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency

– RE3 Zones) – With Provincial / Local governments Energy efficiency improvement in hospitals – With Ministry of

Health Energy efficiency improvement in tea sector – With Tea

Research Institute Energy efficiency improvement in Hotel sector – With Ceylon

Chamber of Commerce (CCC) Formulation of nationally appropriate mitigation actions

(NAMAs) for energy sector – both renewable energy and energy efficiency

ENERGY CONSERVATION & MANAGEMENT

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ENERGY CONSERVATION & MANAGEMENT• Energy Saving Target for 2020

Technology/Process-wise (Total Saving ~ 2,000 GWh)Technology / Process Annual Saving Potential - GWh

Energy Labeling Program Ceiling Fans 35 Tubular Fluorescent Lamps 65 Ballasts 80 Refrigerators 16 Efficient lighting 173Air Conditioning 250ISO 50001 375Efficient motors 185Building Management System (BMS) 20Efficient office equipments 16Solar water heaters 5Telecomunication 10Efficient air compressors 11

Eliminating Incandescent Lamps 205

Green Buildings 550

Total 1,990

• CFL Energy Performance Star Rating:

Mandatory programme in full implementation More than 80% penetration in households Annual demand:

CFL – 20 million, Incandescent - 10 million

• Ceiling Fans Energy Performances: Star Ratings

about to implement

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ENERGY LABELING OF APPLIANCES

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Eff

icie

ncy

Regulator Setting

Fan 1

Fan 2

Fan 3

Fan 4

Fan 5

Fan 6

Fan 7

Fan 8

Fan 9

Fan 10

Average

• Electric Motors Star Rating based on three Energy Efficiency Classes :

Final stage of implementation

• Magnetic Ballast Star Rating - Already developed, will be implemented within 2013

• Other Appliances in consideration Refrigerators Air conditioners 40

ENERGY LABELING OF APPLIANCES

Efficiency classes – (IE1,IE2,IE3)Rated Energy consumption per hour –(kWh)

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ENERGY EFFICIENCT BUILDING CODES• A code of practice established to improve

energy performance of buildings Implemented in 2008 for commercial buildings Now under revision for further improvements Energy Efficiency Building Guideline for domestic buildings is under

development .

• Implemented with the objective of improving energy efficiency and conservation in industrial & commercial organizations.

• Target Group: Any institution whose Annual Electricity Consumption > 600,000 kWh or Annual Thermal Energy Consumption > 4500 TOE

ACCREDITATION OF ENERGY MANAGER / ENERGY AUDITOR

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0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

116

633

149

666

182

699

111

5613

2114

8616

5118

1619

8121

4623

1124

7626

4128

0629

7131

3633

0134

6636

3137

9639

6141

2642

9144

5646

2147

8649

5151

1652

8154

4656

1157

7659

4161

0662

7164

3666

01

Cum

ulat

ive

Ener

gy C

onsu

mpt

ion

(MW

h)

Consumers

80% of the Consumption –2735 MWh

1525 Consumers

The Energy Manager Accreditation Programme has been implemented and about 180 Energy Managers have been appointed

Over 90 have been trained for Energy Auditor Accreditation

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KEY CHALLENGES• Technological Developments

Lack of expertise / Local capacity Information Management / gaps Lack of coordination Absence of case studies on success stories and

demonstration projects

• Constraints in national grid in absorbing RE based electricity Variable / Non-dispatchable generations Limited options for demand side electrical load

management to flatten the load curve Geographical mismatch of supply and demand Non-consideration of integrating to non-electrical

energy loads (thermal / mechanical)

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KEY CHALLENGES• Higher costs of NRE

Limited market potentials Limited local value addition Lack of R&D Lack of conducive environment for local manufacture

• Lack of funding / financial schemes for project implementation• Transport sector is not properly addressed

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STRENGTHS

• Provisions in the SLSEA Act for both RE and EM interventions• Inherently low energy intensive economy• RE and EM targets for 2020 under national

action plan of the Government• 100% electrification target of the Government• Pioneering experience in mini-hydro

development• Diverse RE resource – technology – application

options• Climatic conditions conducive for solar, biomass,

hydro and wind

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POSSIBILITIES FOR TT and R&D

• Railway Electrification / Electric Vehicles• Demand Response through Smart Grid /

Intelligent Control• Hydrogen as an Energy Storage Option• Pump Storage / Thermal Storage / Battery

Storage• Emerging REs (Geothermal, Ocean Thermal, etc.)

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SUMMING UP

• Special Thanks for NEDO for Sharing Experiences,

• Future Collaboration of Key Stakeholders for Sustainable Energy Journey of Sri Lanka.