1 Dental Assisting Radiology Introduction and Protection.
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Transcript of 1 Dental Assisting Radiology Introduction and Protection.
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Dental Assisting Radiology
Introduction and Protection
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• Radiation- a form of energy carried by waves or a stream of particles
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• X-Radiation- a high energy of radiation produced by the collision of a beam of electrons with a metal target in the x-ray tube.
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• X-Ray- a beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record image shadows on photographic film.
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• Radiology- The science or study of radiation.
• Radiograph-a picture or image on film produced by the passage of x-ray through an object or body (also called xray film).
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• Dental radiograph- photographic image produced on film by the passage of xrays through teeth and related structures.
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What is the importance of xrays?• Detection of dental caries,
periodontal disease, growth patterns and development as well as the eruption of teeth
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Radiation Biology
• The study of the effects of ionizing radiation on living tissue to understand the harmful effects of x- radiation.
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Radiation Protection
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Patient Protection
• X-radiation causes biologic changes in living cells
• Minimize the amount of radiation received by the patient, using proper protection techniques
• Use before, during, after exposure
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BEFORE
• Prescribing dental radiographs• Always review the health history of a
patient prior to exposing x-rays.• Dentist uses professional judgment
re: – Number– Type– Frequency– Each patient’s condition is different
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Patient Protection
• Lead Apron- lead shield over patient’s chest and lap to protect the reproductive and blood forming tissues from scatter radiation.
• Thyroid collar- lead shield around Patient’s neck
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Lead Aprons/Thyroid Collars
With Thyroid Collar Attached No Thyroid Collar
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Lead Apron Storage
• When not in use, lead aprons should be hung for storage.
• They should never be folded because this could lead to cracks in the lead, decreasing the protection to the patient.
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During Use fast film and film holders• Fast film- D.E.F. F being the fastest• Film holding device- so patient doesn’t
have to hold film
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After Exposure
• Proper Film Handling– Careful handling during the period from
exposure to processing– Avoid artifacts (scratches, etc) that will
result in nondiagnostic films
• Proper Film Processing– Use fresh solutions and proper methods– Avoid retakes
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Operator Protection
• The Guidelines for the dental radiographer are based on the following rule:
• The dental radiographer must avoid the primary beam.
• Operator protection guidelines include recommendations on– Distance– Shielding– Positioning
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Radiation Safety Legislation
• State and federal regulations set the standards of protection for the operator and patient.
• All x-ray machines need to be registered, examined and issued a certification. ONLY certified people can operate a x-ray machine
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• The operator should stand – a minimum of 6
feet from the patient
– at an angle of 90-135 degrees from the patient.
- Or behind a barrier wass
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Protective Barriers
• Most dental offices achieve adequate shielding through the use of several layers of thickness of common materials such as drywall.
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• Radiation monitoring badges- monitors the amount of radiation the operator is receiving
• Maximum Dose- 5.0 occupational• .1 non occupational
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Final Operator Protection
• Never hold the film in place for a patient.
• Never hold the tubehead during exposure.
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Radiation Monitoring
• Dosimeter/ Film Badge – Is used to record any radiation which may be received by the operator.
• Each operator has his/her own badge;– worn during the workday– when in the clinical area
• Worn at waist level• Stored in radiation-safe area when not
in use.
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ALARA concept
• All exposure to radiation must be kept to a minimum:– “As Low As Reasonably Achievable”
• Use every possible method of reducing exposure to radiation to minimize risk
• This includes the use of minimum exposure time in combination with the fastest film available.