1

Demographics and its Effect on the Language

Issue

• 250 to 1,000 Native American languages existed in North America before colonization

• 155 survived in the United states after colonization.

• Only 20 survived with some vitality into the 21st century (Crawford, 1995).

2

Demographics and its Effect on the Language

Issue

• 250 to 1,000 Native American languages existed in North America before colonization

• 155 survived in the United states after colonization.

• Only 20 survived with some vitality into the 21st century (Crawford, 1995).

3

Demographics and Bilingual/ESL Education in the USA

• The settlers established schools educating children French, German, Spanish, or Swedish, while teaching English as s Second Language

4

• First public schools (1820’s), parochial and private schools used the community language for instruction.

Demographics and Bilingual/ESL Education in the USA

5

• 90% of the immigrant population during the 19th and earlier 20th centuries was European;

• Peak periods of immigration in the 20th century: first two decades and from 1985-present

Demographics and Bilingual/ESL Education in the USA

6

• First half of the 20th century: English was imposed as the language of instruction--34 states enacted laws only-English instruction

Demographics and Bilingual/ESL Education in the USA

7

• 1908 survey: – Boston: 70% of White students

reached high school; 38% of the students whose home language was not English reached high school;

– Chicago: 42% for English speakers and 18% for non-English,

– New York 32% for English speakers and 13% for non-English.

Demographics and Bilingual/ESL Education in the USA

8

• 1911 survey: – 28% of American-born students and

27% of foreign-born English speakers were behind grade level;

– However, 43% of foreign-born non-English speakers were behind grade level.

Demographics and Bilingual/ESL Education in the USA

9

• The 1965 Immigration Act opened the door to Asian immigrants;

• Political and economic problems have driven large number of Latin Americans to the United States from 1980’s-present.

Demographics and Bilingual/ESL Education in the USA

10

1989 survey:– 1985 to 1990: the LEP population

increased by 51%, 2.5 million;– 5,226,000 bilingual students

ages 5 to 17 (13% of the school aged-population)--68.6% Spanish speakers .

Demographics and Bilingual/ESL Education in the USA

11

• US English, was founded in 1983 to defend against threats to the English language produced by massive immigration.

• By 1988, nearly 95% of the population in US spoke English, and 85% were native speakers

Demographics and Bilingual/ESL Education in the USA

12

• 1990-2000 census– 1990-2000 population increase of

13.2% from 248, 709,873 to 281,421,906,

– 50.3% population increase due to net immigration

1990-2000

13

Student enrollment– Net increase of over 9 million, 24.2%,

from 38,125,000 (1989-90) to 47,356,000 (1999-2000)

– Hispanic student enrollment doubled, to an estimated 9 million children

1990-2000

14

Limited-English Proficient– Net increase of over 2 million, 104%,

from 2,154,781 (1989-90) to 4,416,580 (1999-2000),

– CA, TX, IL, FL, NY account for 51.3% of LEP population.

1990-2000

15

Bilingual/ESL Demographics and

Current State of the Art of BE and ESL

(Data taken from the Texas Education Agency TEA, April 5,

2005)

Data presented by the U.S. Dept. of Education – Title III Biennial Evaluation Report, FY 2002-2004 in González, Georgina, Director of BE, TEA

16

•U.S. public schools serve about 5.1 million English language learners (ELLs);

•145 different languages are spoken among our ELL population;

•Spanish is spoken by 80% of the ELL population

U.S. Demographics

17

1,894,108 Hispanic (44%) 1,676,987 White (39%) 616,050 African American (14%) 127,092 Asian (2.9%) 13,791 Native American (0.3%)

Texas Student Profile Grades PK-12

18

Spanish 603,299Vietnamese 10,649 Urdu 3,425 Korean 2,841Arabic 2,689

Texas PK-12 English language learners (ELLs)

2004-2005

684,583Total Identified

ELLs)

19

Number of Limited English Proficient (LEP) Students in Texas

500,000

520,000

540,000

560,000

580,000

600,000

620,000

640,000

660,000

680,000

700,000

2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05

School Year

Nu

mb

er

of

LE

P

Stu

de

nts

Number of LEP Students

20

Number of LEP Students in Bilingual and ESL Programs from 1996 to 2004 School Years

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

400,000

1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05

School Years

Nu

mb

er o

f L

EP

Stu

den

ts

Bil.Prog. ESL.Prog.

2004-2005 Academic Excellence Indicator System for Region 8

Link contains information about number of bilingual and ESL students in the Region,

compared to the rest of the state;Taks reports per academic subject, ethnic

group, minority, etc:http://www.tea.state.tx.us/perfreport/aeis/2005/region.srch.html

2004-2005 Academic Excellence Indicator System for Mount

Pleasant ISD

Taks reports per academic subject, ethnic group, graduation rates, etc,for

the district:

http://www.tea.state.tx.us/perfreport/aeis/2005/district.srch.html

Texas State Data Center and Office of the State Demographer

(Dr. Steve Murdock)

The center functions as a focal point for the distribution of census information for Texas. The Center also disseminates population estimates and projections for Texas, as well as

other information from the federal government, state government, and other sources.

Link to pages containing demographic data for Texas and at the National level

http://www.txsdc.utsa.edu/