1 Data Dictionary

8/7/2019 1 Data Dictionary

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Day 2

Data Dictionary


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We will learn about

What is Data Dictionary

Data Dictionary Objects

System Fields

Creating custom table Internal Tables

Foreign Keys & Cardinality

Structures

Views


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What is Data Dictionary

is a system independent

interface to the database

is a virtual database ( data

about data) provides data for data

manipulation and data

processing

Also called as DDIC and ABAP

Dictionary


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Data Dictionary Objects

Data Element

Domain

Tables

Structures

Views

SE16


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Elementary Data Types

Type Explanation

C Text (Character)

N Numeric text

D Date (DDMMYYYY)T Time (HHMMSS)

X Hexadecimal

I Integer

P Packed Number

F Floating point number


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Domain

A Domain describes the technical structure of a field that is its size and

its data types.

Domains are attached to Data Elements

Fields which refer to the same domain (with the assigned dataelements), are also changed when the domain is changed. This ensuresthat the fields are consistent

Defines a value range which describes the valid data values for all thefields which refer to this domain

Table MARA

CLNT9

MATNR

Data Element

Domain


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Creating a Domain

Enter a description (short text)

Enter data type and length


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Creating a domain (contd.)

Enter fixed value and description.

Value table may be entered


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Data Element

A data element gives the description of the field of theTable

Examples of predefined data elements in SAP

LIFNR

KUNNR

MATNR

CLNT


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Creating a Data Element


Enter domain name


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Creating a Data Element

Maintain field labels and column headers.


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Difference between Domain & Data Element

Defines Technical Attributes such asdata type, length, allowed values, etc.

Defines semantic attributes such asdisplay length, short text, long text, etc

A domain can be part of several dataelements

A Data Element can point to only onedomain

Used to define data elements, restrictvalues (using value range, value table,etc)

Used to define fields of tables andscreens


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A Holistic view

Table A Table B Table C

Data element Data element

Domain


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Tables

Tables are containers which stores data in the form ofrecord

They are a central component of the SAP R/3 Application

One or more fields form a data record (also known as tupel)

A number of data records of the same type form a table

Examples of few SAP defined tables

MARA : Material Master


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Tables Contd

The table definition contains the following components

Table fields: defines the field names and data types of

the fields contained in the table.

Foreign Keys: defines the relationships between the

table and other tables.

Technical Settings: control how the table should be

created on the database.

Indexes: speed up the selection of data from the table.


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Tables Contd

Types of Tables

Transparent

ABAPDictionary Cluster

Pool

ABAPProgram

Internal

Tables Contd


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Tables Contd


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Enter the Name of thetable (should beginwith Z or Y)

Press the Create Button

Creating a Transparent Table Step 1 of 6

n er e ame o etable (should beginwith Z or Y)

ress e rea e u on


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After making all entries,Press the Fields Tab



erma ng a en r es,Press the Fields Tab

Maintain delivery class

Table maintenance attribute


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After making all entries,Press the TechnicalSettings Button


er ma ng a en r es,Press the TechnicalSettings Button

Maintain field attributes

Maintain data elements


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After making all entries,Press the Save Button.Once Technical Settingsare save, Press theBack Button (F3)


er ma ng a en r es,Press the Save Button.Once Technical Settingsare save, Press theBack Button (F3)


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Save, Check andActivate the Table. Afterthat Press the IndexesButton on theApplication Toolbar


Save, Check andActivate the Table. Afterthat Press the IndexesButton on theApplication Toolbar


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After entering the IndexFields and otherparameters, save andactivate the index, Z01

Creating a Transparent Table Step 6 of 6Steps to create an index

After entering the IndexFields and otherparameters, save and

activate the index, Z01


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SAP Transparent Tables

Example of few SAP Transparent Tables

MARA : General Material Data

VBAK : Sales Document: Header Data

KNA1 : General Data in Customer Master

Example of SAP Cluster Table

BSEG : Accounting Document Segment


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Tables Contd

Foreign Keys

Uses

Maintain data integrity

Provide help texts

Create aggregate dictionary objects Prerequisites

The foreign key text field and primary key of the check table mustshare the same domain

A value table must exist for that domain


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Tables Contd

Cardinality

Cardinality defines the type of

relationship between two tables

The cardinality of a foreign keyindicates how many dependent

records a record in a check

table may have

Cardinality Types

1 : 1

1 : C

1 : N

1 : CN


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System fields

SAP has a system table named syst. It stores all thesystem related data

Examples of few fields in this table are

Sy-datum : System Date

Sy-langu : System Language

Sy-subrc : System check

Sy-uzeit : System time


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SAP Data

MasterData

TransactionData

G/L Accounts Vendors Materials Stock Locations

Sales Orders Purchase Orders Journal Entries Goods Receipts

SystemData

ConfigurationData

Metadata

Programs Documentation System Settings

Currency Codes Order Types Payment Terms Field Status Codes


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Structures

A structure is defined like a table in the ABAP Dictionaryand can then be accessed from within ABAP programs

Contain data temporarily during program runtime

The same data elements and domains can be used instructures as in tables


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Views

A view combines the data distributed in several tables

Views allow to gather information from fields of differenttables and present it to the users in form they requirewhen working in the R/3 system

1 Data Dictionary

Documents

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