1- Cranial Nerve 5, 6,7
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Transcript of 1- Cranial Nerve 5, 6,7
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Lanka Ranaweera
Dept. of Anatomy
CRANIAL NERVES
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Objectives
• Describe the anatomy of V nerve
• Describe the sensory distribution of face
• Name the muscles of mastication
• Describe the features of lesions of V nerve
• Describe the anatomy of VI nerve
• Describe the anatomy & functions of VII nerve
• Describe the features of lesions of VII nerve
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NERVOUS SYSTEM
Structurally Functionally
central N.S.
peripheral N.S.
somatic N.S.
autonomic N.S.
spinal nerves (31)
cranial nerves (12)
symp. para.spinal cord brain
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I Olfactory nerveII Optic nerve III Occulomotor nerveIV Trochlear nerveV Trigeminal nerveVI Abducent nerveVII Facial nerve
VIII Vestibulocochler nerveIX Glossopharyngeal nerveX Vagus nerveXI Accessary nerveXII Hypoglossal nerve
Cranial nerves
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Trigeminal Nerve (V)
• Largest cranial nerve
• 3 divisions : opthalmic / maxillary / mandibular
• Functional components : Sensory & motor
• Function : sensory - grater part of the head
motor - several mm (C mastication mm)
• Opening in skull : superior orbital fissure (opthalmic)
foramen rotundum ( maxillary)
foramen ovale (mandibular )
_
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Trigeminal ganglion
Trigeminal Nerve
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Trigeminal nerve nuclei in the brain stem
Motor nucleus
Main sensorynucleus
Trigeminal ganglion
Mescencephalic nucleus
Spinal nucleus
Opthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular
pons
Medulla oblongata
Spinal cord
thalamus
midbrain
Trigeminal lemniscus
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Cerebral cortex Motor nucleus of V nerve
Main sensorynucleus of V nerve
Trigeminal ganglion
Trigeminal nerve
Mescencephalic nucleus
Trigeminal nerve nuclei & its
central connections
pons
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Midbrain
II & optic tractIII
IV
VVI
VIIVIII
IX
XI
XIIX
Olfactory bulb Olfactory tract
Infundibulum & mamilary body
Base of the brain
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Pathway of the Trigeminal nerve Trigeminal nerve
leaves anterior of pons(small motor root & larger sensory root)
forward out of posterior cranial fossa
middle cranial fossa
rest on petrous part of temporal bone
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Sensory root forms trigeminal ganglion
Ophthalmic nerve maxillary nerve mandibular nerve
(sensory) (sensory) (sensory + motor)
superior orbital foramen rotundum foramen ovale
fissure
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Ophthalmic division (V1)
frontal nerve lacrimal nerve nasociliary nerve
Supratrochlear supraorbital
scalp up to vertex upper eye lid ciliary ganglion
upper eyelid lacrimal gland eyeball
frontal air sinus conjunctiva cornea
conjunctiva
dorsum of nose
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Supratrochlear nerve
Supraorbital nerve
Lacrimal nerve
Zygomatic nerve
Infratrochlear nerve
Ant. ethmoidal nerve
frontal nerve
Pos. ethmoidal nerve
opticl nerve
nasociliary nerve
Opthalmic nerve
Short ciliary nerve
Long ciliary nerve
Ciliary ganglion
Opthalmic division of trigeminal nerve
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Maxillary division (V2)
Zygomatic nerve Infraorbital nerve Pteregopalatine ganglion branches
Foramen rotundum
Pteregopalatine fossa
Infra orbital fissure
Skin of templelower eye lidupper lipskin of cheek
teeth-upper jaw
maxillary sinus
mucous mem. of palate nasopharynx uvula, tonsils Nasal septum
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Pterigopalatine ganglion
Zygomatic nerve
Infraorbital nerve
Ant. sup. alveolar nerve
Post. sup. alveolar nerve
Lacrimal nerve
Maxillary division
Maxillary division of trigeminal nerve
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Mandibular division (V3)
Anterior trunk posterior trunk
Buccal nerve motor branch auricular- lingual inferior (sensory) -temporal n. nerve alveolar n.
foramen ovale
Infratemporal fossa
Skin of cheek masseter skin of temple floor of mouth ???
Mucose mem.- temporalis skin of auricle ant.2/3 of tongue*
-of cheek Lateral pterygoid sublingual gland** submandibular gland** * associated c chorda tympani from VII nerve ** via submandibular ganglion
Nervus spinosus
Nerve to Medial--pterygoid
Otic ganglion
Tensor
tympani
Tensor
palati
(sensory)
+
_
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Inferior alveolar nerve mental nerve
nerve to mylohyoid
Teeth of lower jaw mylohyoid mm skin of chin
anterior belly of digastric lower lip
+ +
Mandibular canal
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Auriculotemporalnerve
Foramen ovale
Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve
Nerve to temporalis
Nerve to masseter
Nerve to pterygoid
Mental nerve
Inferior alveolar nerve
Lingual nerve
Parotid branch
Nerve to mylohyoid
Buccal nerve
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Sensory distribution of face & scalp by trigeminal nerve
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Features of lesions trigeminal nerve
• Wasting of muscles of mastication
• Loss of sensory modalities
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Abducent Nerve (VI)
• Functional component : motor
• Function : turns eyeball laterally
• One motor nucleus –pons
• Opening in skull : superior orbital fissure
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Abducent Nerve
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Cerebral cortex
Nucleus of VI nerve
Abducent nerve
Medial longitudinal fasciculus
Tectobulbar fibers from sup. colliculus
Abducent nerve nucleus & its central connectionspons
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Midbrain
II & optic tractIII
IV
VVI
VIIVIII
IX
XI
XIIX
Olfactory bulb Olfactory tract
Infundibulum & mamilary body
Base of the brain
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Pathway of the abducent nerve
Abducent nerve anteriorly through pons
through cavernous sinus groove between lower border of pons & medulla oblongata
Lateral relation : 3/4/5/ cranial nerves Medial relation : internal carotid artery
Superior orbital fissure orbit lateral rectus muscle
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pituitary
Internal carotid artery
Sphenoid sinus
V2
VI
V1
IVIII
Cavernous sinus in coronal section
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Mid brain
pons
Abducent nerve
Medulla oblongata
Distribution of the abducent nerve
Lateral rectus
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Facial Nerve(VII)
• Functional component: motor
sensory
secretomotor/parasympathetic
• 3 nuclei in pons : main motor nucleus
parasympathetic nucleus
sensory nucleus
• Opening in skull : Internal acoustic meatus facial canal
stylomastoid foramen
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Facial Nerve
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Cerebral cortex
Nucleus of VI nerve
Thalamus &hypothalamic nuclei Dcending autonomic
pathway
Sensory nucleus
Main motor nucleus
Parasympathetic nuclei
Facial nerve
pons
Facial nerve nucleus & its central connections
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Main motor nucleus
Nucleus part
muscle of upper muscle of lower
part of face part of face
corticonuclear fibers from corticonuclear fibers both cerebral hemispheres from opposite cerebral hemispheres
afferents afferents
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Parasympathetic nuclei
Superior salivatary nucleus lacrimal nucleus
fibers from hypothalamus fibers from hypothalamus + (emotional responses)fibers from nucleus of - +tractus solitarius (taste) fibers from sensory nuclei of trigeminal nerve
afferents afferents
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Sensory nucleus• Lies close to motor nucleus
• Upper part of the nucleus of tractus solitarius
Taste fibers geniculate ganglion sensory nucleus
internal thalamus and capsule hypothalamic nuclei
Corona radiata taste area of the cortex
(lower part of postcentral gyrus)
Cross midian plane
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Pathway of the facial nerve
motor root sensory root(nervus intermedius)
pass posteriorly central processes of the unipolar cells of geniculate ganglion + around abducent nucleus efferent preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from parasympathetic nuclei pass anteriorly
emerge from anterior surface of brain
between the pons & medulla oblongata
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Midbrain
II & optic tractIII
IV
VVI
VIIVIII
IX
XI
XIIX
Olfactory bulb Olfactory tract
Infundibulum & mamilary body
Base of the brain
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Laterally –posterior cranial fossa (C VIII nerve)
internal acoustic meatus (petrous part of temporal bone)
facial canal
medial wall of tympanic cavity – nerve expands & form
sensory geniculate ganglion
grater petrosal nerve
lacrimal gland
turns backwards over promontory of middle ear
_
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downwards & medial to the middle ear
Join c_
submandibular &
sublingual glands
ant. 2/3 of tongue
Parotid gland
Stylohyoid mm Post. belly of digastric mm
stylomastoid foramen
nerve to stapedius lingual nerve
chorda tympani
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Parotid gland
temporal zygomatic buccal mandibular cervical
branch branch branch branch branch
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Temporal branch
zygomatic branch
Buccall branch Mandibular branch
Post. auricular branch
cervical branch
Sublingual gland Subman. gland
Lingual nerve
Chorda tumpani
Nerve to stapedius
Geniculate
ganglion
Facial nerveGrater petrosal nerve
Distribution of facial nerve
Deep petrosal nerve
Nerve to pterygoid canal
Pterygopaltine
ganglionV 3
V2
Zygomaticnerve
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Facial expression defects associated with lesions of UMN (1) & LMN (2)
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Upper motor neuron
lesion
Lower motor neuron
lesion
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Cranial Nerve Summary # Name Foramina Function
V Trigeminal V1: Sup Orb Fissure V2: Foramen Rotundum V3: Foramen Ovale
Sensory: Face
VI Abducens Superior Orbital Fissure
VII
Facial Internal Auditory Canal
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VTrigeminal
V1: Sup Orbital Fissure V2: Foramen Rotundum V3: Foramen Ovale
Sensory: Face Motor : Mastication, Tensor Tympani, Tensor Palati mylohyoid
VIAbducens
Superior Orbital Fissure
Motor: Lateral Rectus
VII FacialInternal Auditory Canal
Sensory: Taste (Anterior 2/3 Tongue) Motor : Muscles Of Facial Expression Salivary Glands, Lacrimal Glands
# Name Foramina Function
Cranial Nerve Summary