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Computer BasicsChapter One

Computer BasicsComputer Basics

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Computer Basics

Computers systems come in many different sizes and shapes, according to the user’s wants and the manufacture’s style.

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Computer Basics

A notebook computer, sometimes called a “laptop” is gaining popularity due to low power processor chips.

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Computer Basics

But they all have commonalties.

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Computer Basics

They all have monitors, as an output device, this one is a CRT (cathode ray tube).

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Flat screen LCD (liquid crystal display) type monitor.The same type is used in laptops

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Computer Basics

A laptop monitor is built into the top cover, LCD type.

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Computer Basics

A keyboard as an input device.

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Computer Basics

An ergomatic keyboard.

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Computer Basics

A laptop’s keyboard is built into the

bottom section.

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Computer Basics

A mouse, as an input device.

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Computer Basics

Some keyboards have a trackball (an upside-down mouse) built into them.

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Computer Basics

Laptops have a type of mouse built in.

Touchpad

Touchpoint

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Computer Basics

A system unit.

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Computer Basics

The system unit houses an array of storage and file transfer devices, located in the front panel for easy access.

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The Main component of a System Unit is the

motherboard, or system board.

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• Most of the electronic components inside a computer are integrated circuits (ICs).

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Computer Basics

A DIP (dual in-line pins) is the most common. DIPs contain specialized support circuitry.

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Computer Basics

Other ICs are DIMM (dual in-line Memory Modules), Used in RAM (Random Access Memory).

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• RAM (Random Access Memory)– volatile memory

– holds ops for more than one cycle

– allows CPU to become a tool

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Computer Basics

Some are used for ROM (read-only memory) BIOS (basic input/output system).

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Computer Basics

• ROM (read-only memory) is nonvolatile memory– Holds program instructions after

power off

– Instruction set for startup– BIOS (basic input/output system)

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Computer Basics

• CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor)– permanent as long as battery voltage

is applied

– Holds PC setup

– User intervention

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Computer Basics

Still other ICs are PGA (pin-grid array) a square chip package used for the main processing circuitry.

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Computer Basics

The largest processor package is the SEC (single edge contact) cartridge of the Pentium III.

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Computer Basics

The largest feature of an IC is the lead frame package. The chip of the biggest

IC is the size of your fingernail.

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Computer Basics

Contained in this chip can be millions of transistors, resistors, and other electronic

components.

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•ISA (industry standard architecture).

– ISA slots are an older technology, used today for some modems and other relatively slow devices. Many new computers have few or no ISA slots

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•PCI (peripheral component interconnect).

– PCI slots offer fast transfer speeds and a 64-bit data bus. These slots typically house a graphics card, sound card, video capture card, modem, or network interface card (NIC).

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•AGP (accelerated graphics port).

– Primarily used for graphics cards, and faster than a PCI slot, an AGP slot provides a high-speed data pathway that is particularly handy for 3-D graphics.

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Expansion cards simply slide into an expansion slot.

Video card

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Sound card

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A NIC (network interface card)

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Installation of an expansion card is easy, just plug it in.

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Expansion cards are added to a laptop by means of a PCMCIA ( Personal Computer

Memory Card International Association) slot.

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An external NIC (network interface card), a hard disk, or a modem (modulation-demodulation)

card can be added to a laptop.

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Computer Basics

To connect a peripheral device to an expansion card, you plug a cable from that

peripheral device into an expansion

port.

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Computer BasicsCONNECTORS

Connects to the Video port

Monitor

15 pins

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Computer BasicsCONNECTORS

Connects to parallel port, which sends data simultaneously over eight data lines at speeds of 12,000 Kbps (kilobits per seconds)

LPT

Printer, external CD-ROM drive, external Zip, external hard drive.

25 pins

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Computer BasicsCONNECTORS

COM

Connects to serial port, which sends data over a single data line one bit at a time at speeds of 56 Kbps.

Mouse or

Modem9 pins

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Computer BasicsCONNECTORS

Connects to the “FireWire” port,

which sends data at 400,000

Kbps

Video camera, and external DVD drive

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Computer BasicsCONNECTORS

Scuzzy

Connects to SCSI port, which sends data simultaneously over 8 or 16 data lines at speeds between 5 Mbps and 80 Mbps (Mega bits per second).

Can support up to 16 devices in a “Daisy Chain”. Hard drives, scanner, CD-ROM, tape backup.

50 pins

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Computer BasicsCONNECTORS

Universal Serial Bus

Modem, keyboard, joystick, scanner, and mouse.

Connects to USB port, which sends data over a single data line at speeds of 12,000 Kbps.

Supports up to 127 devices.

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Computer BasicsCONNECTORS

Connects to networking port, which sends data over two pairs of data lines at speeds

of 10 to 100 Mbps.

Intranet

RJ-45

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Computer Basics

• Magnetic media–Floppy disks

• 3.5”• 5.25”

–Hard disk

–Zip Disk

–Tape

– used for backup

Memory storage at present fall into three basic categories.

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• Optical storage media–CD-ROM

• compact disk - read only memory

–DVD

• digital video disc or digital versatile disc

Memory storage at present fall into three basic categories.

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Magnetic Media Devices

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CD-ROM (Compact disk - read only memory)

File transfer devices

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Computer Basics File transfer devices

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Computer Basics

Floppy and Zip disk capacities

File transfer devices

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Computer Basics File transfer devices

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A hard disk is located inside the system unit.

File storage devices

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Hard disk platters store data in the same manner

as floppy disk

File storage devices

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Power on

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A 5volt and 12volt power supply furnishes power to the system.

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Computer Basics POST (power-on self-test)

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If you enter advanced BIOS the boot-up can be changed to “C”

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Using Windows as an OS (operating System)

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Computer Properties

• Electronic machine

• Speed

• Accuracy and Reliability

• Memory

• Storage

• Communication

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Software

• Operating System• Application Software