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Collaboration and Social Networking
Human-to-Human Communication
List servers, chat rooms, online communities
Cell phones, mobile devices
• Voice, text messages, digital photos, videos
Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW)
• The design and evaluation of new technologies to support group work
• Groupware – the set of commercially available products
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Collaboration and Social Networking
Goals of Collaboration
Focused Partnership: co-dependence of two or more people to complete a task
• Examples: physicians consulting over x-rays, military operations Lecture or demo formats: one person sharing information with many
users at remote sites
Conferences: participants communicate simultaneously (synchronous), or spread out over time (asynchronous)
• Newer approaches:
– Blogs: personal diaries that invites outside commenting
– Wikis: grouped editing spaces Structured work processes: allow people with distinct organizational
roles collaborate on a specific task
• Example: a health agency receives, reviews, and reimburses or rejects medical bills
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Collaboration and Social Networking
Goals of Collaboration
Meeting and decision support
• Voting
• Anonymity Electronic commerce
• Collaborating with another person during a shopping experience
• B-to-B negotiations Teledemocracy
• Organizations, professional groups, governments to conduct on-line town-hall meetings
On-line communities
• People come on line to discuss, share information, socialize Co-laboratories
• Sharing of facilities by scientists
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Collaboration and Social Networking
Decomposition of Collaborative Interfaces (Ellis, Gibbs and Rein, 1991)
Same Time Different Times
Same Place Synchronous local (face-to-face)
(control rooms, meeting rooms)
Asynchronous local (group calendars)
Different Places
Synchronous distributed (chat, texting, IM, audio/video conferencing)
Asynchronous distributed (e-mail, newsgroups, list servers, blogs, wikis, online and networked communities)
Technologies can be used across cells
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Collaboration and Social Networking
Asynchronous Distributed Interfaces: Different Place, Different Time
Electronic Mail – Microsoft Outlook
Web based email systems (Gmail, Yahoo!, HotMail) provide ubiquitous access)
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Collaboration and Social Networking
Asynchronous Distributed Interfaces: Different Place, Different Time
Wireless Email Access - Blackberry
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Collaboration and Social Networking
Asynchronous Distributed Interfaces: Different Place, Different Time
Newsgroups
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Collaboration and Social Networking
Asynchronous Distributed Interfaces: Different Place, Different Time
List servers
Must subscribe
Can be moderated by a leader or un-moderated
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Collaboration and Social Networking
Asynchronous Distributed Interfaces: Different Place, Different Time
Discussion Boards
Messages can be re-ordered chronologically
Threads
Launch a new topic
Reply to an existing topic
Search archives by subject, date, sender
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Collaboration and Social Networking
Asynchronous Distributed Interfaces: Different Place, Different Time
http://labs.digg.com/swarm/
• Real Time Hybrid
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Collaboration and Social Networking
Asynchronous Distributed Interfaces: Different Place, Different Time
Digg is a user driven social content website
Everything on digg is submitted by the digg user community
After you submit content, other digg users read your submission and digg what they like best
If your story receives enough diggs, it is promoted to the front page for the millions of digg visitors to see
Every digg user can digg (help promote), bury (help remove spam), and comment on stories
Digg also allows you to track your friends' activity throughout the site
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Collaboration and Social Networking
Asynchronous Distributed Interfaces: Different Place, Different Time
Blogs
• Democratic philosophy – anyone should be able to make their opinions known to others
• Blogs are open electronic documents or diaries that are “owned” by their creators, but readers can contribute comments
• Blog software is available from Blogger.com
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Collaboration and Social Networking
Asynchronous Distributed Interfaces: Different Place, Different Time
Wikis
• Used for discussing a variety of topics
• Popular with project teams
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Collaboration and Social Networking
Asynchronous Distributed Interfaces: Different Place, Different Time
Online and networked communities
• Patient support communities
• Education communities of inquiry
• Distance Learning (e.g., Saki, Blackboard)
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Collaboration and Social Networking
Synchronous Distributed Interfaces: Different Place, Same Time
Google Docs
• Users create and edit documents online and collaborate in real-time with others
• Word processor
• Spreadsheet
• Presentation
• https://services.google.com/apps/site/overview/index.html
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Collaboration and Social Networking
Synchronous Distributed Interfaces: Different Place, Same Time
Google Apps - gmail
Chat capability with on-line view
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Collaboration and Social Networking
Google Docs and Spreadsheets
Editing document concurrently
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Collaboration and Social Networking
Google Docs and Spreadsheets
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Collaboration and Social Networking
Google Calendar
View other calendars
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Collaboration and Social Networking
Google Web Page Creator
WYSIWYG Tools
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Collaboration and Social Networking
Synchronous Distributed Interfaces: Different Place, Same Time
Chat, Instant Messaging
• Short input, quick responses
• Activeworlds – visual representation using Avatars to support chat
• Educational Applications and Social Interaction
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Collaboration and Social Networking
Synchronous Distributed Interfaces: Different Place, Same Time
Instant Messaging
• Membership can be tightly controlled
• Typical communities are fewer than twenty people
• Can send Emoticons, Photographs, Files
• Teenagers and Office Workers are frequent users
Texting (a.k.a. Short Messaging Systems)
• Cell phone based
• Frequently used by Europeans and Asians due to high cost of voice transmission
• Quick and easy
• Don’t want to talk
• Does not disturb others in the room
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Collaboration and Social Networking
Synchronous Distributed Interfaces: Different Place, Same Time
Audio and Video Conferencing
• Desktop videoconferencing systems (DTVC) allows users to access computers during the conference
• Microsoft’s NetMeeting or Live Meeting
– Can display PC screen and/or participants
– Also supports “white-board” feature
– Quality of the voice channel is very important
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Collaboration and Social Networking
G+ video calling - Google hangout for mobile
Pin video - The video you see in a hangout will automatically switch between participants, based on who's speaking.
Change cameras - Show people what's going on around you by toggling between your front-facing and back-facing cameras.
Mute your video - If you don't want to be visible to other members of the hangout, Mute your microphone
Mute audio - Don’t want people to hear you for a moment? Touch the microphone icon to mute your audio.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n78llNrEKxs
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Collaboration and Social Networking
Synchronous Distributed Interfaces: Different Place, Same Time
Microsoft’s NetMeeting
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Collaboration and Social Networking
Synchronous Distributed Interfaces: Different Place, Same Time
Georgia Tech eClass
Goal: Capture the interaction that occurs in a typical university lecture
Capture Process: Instructors write on a blank electronic whiteboard or on top of prepared slides. The electronic annotations, audio, and video are automatically recorded and time-stamped. By capturing these events, we can later recreate the lecture experience.
While viewing a slide, students can click on the teacher's annotations to replay the audio and video at the time the ink was written.
http://www-static.cc.gatech.edu/fce/eclass/overview/index.html
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Collaboration and Social Networking
Synchronous Distributed Interfaces: Different Place, Same Time
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Collaboration and Social Networking
Synchronous Distributed Interfaces: Different Place, Same Time
Twitter is a social networking and micro-blogging service
It allows users to send and read other users' updates (otherwise known as tweets), which are text-based posts.
Updates are displayed on the user's profile page and delivered to other users who have signed up to receive them.
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Collaboration and Social Networking
Twitter Twitter co-founder Jack Dorsey moderated a Q&A session with
President Obama. - July 2011
26 percent of the Tweet questions were about jobs
19 percent were about the budget
16 percent were about taxes
10 percent were about education
6 percent were about housing.
All of the questions were serious in nature
Most popular
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Collaboration and Social Networking
Mango Threads
Within a messaging exchange between you and another party, you can switch the messaging platform on the fly.
You can start off instant messaging,
switch to SMS texting,
then jump over to Facebook messaging all within one message thread
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Collaboration and Social Networking
Social Networking and Smartphones
Facebook was the most visited website on handheld devices, with 43 million hours spent on it in December 2010
37% of adults and 60% of teenagers described themselves as "addicted"
Video
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Collaboration and Social Networking
Social Networking and Smartphones
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Collaboration and Social Networking
U.S. cellphone users sent and received more than 1 trillion texts in the second half of 2010, according to CTIA
Just an 8.7% increase from the prior six months. It was the slimmest gain since texting exploded last decade.
Apple's iMessage and other instant-messaging apps pose a threat.
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Collaboration and Social Networking
Texting Behavior
70 university students in the US
Collected almost 60,000 text messages over a period of 4 months
Used a custom logging tool on our participants’ phones.
Results:
Students communicate with a large number of contacts for extended periods of time
Engage in simultaneous conversations with as many as 9 contacts
Often use text messaging as a method to switch between a variety of communication mediums
Also explore the content of text messages
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Collaboration and Social Networking
Whom to you text?
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Collaboration and Social Networking
Thoughts on texting
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Collaboration and Social Networking
Reasons why people text
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Collaboration and Social Networking
Whom do you text, how often, which direction (send/receive)
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Collaboration and Social Networking
Categories of messages
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Collaboration and Social Networking
Group messaging
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Collaboration and Social Networking
Face-to-Face Interfaces: Same Place, Same Time
Electronic meeting rooms, control rooms and public spaces
• Face-to-Face discussion vs. a boring monologue in a darkened room
• GroupSystems: goal is to “reduce or eliminate the dysfunctions of the group interaction so that a group reaches or exceeds its task potential”
– Supports anonymous suggestions
– Ranking of proposals
– Ideas are based on their merits
– Ideas are judged independently from their originators
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Collaboration and Social Networking
Face-to-Face Interfaces: Same Place, Same Time
Benefits of electronic meeting systems
• Parallel communication – promotes broader input, reduces the chance that a few people dominate the meeting
• Anonymity – avoids evaluation apprehension and conformance
• Group Memory – allows reflection throughout the meeting
• Process Structure – keeps the group focused on the topic
• Task Support and Structure – data analysis
SMART Boards
• Finger and Pen interaction
• Supports hard copy of the white board contents
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Collaboration and Social Networking
Face-to-Face Interfaces: Same Place, Same Time
Shared Situational Awareness
• Large display in control room settings
Public Displays
• Social interaction on general topics
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Collaboration and Social Networking
Face-to-Face Interfaces: Same Place, Same Time
Education - Groupware-mediated paradigm
• Active individual learning
• Small-group collaborative learning
• Entire-class collaborative learning
• The ability to show student work to class
• The impact of technology on the classroom
– Projectors, slide presentations, laptops, mobile devices
– More interaction and collaboration?
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Collaboration and Social Networking
Research Questions
How will home life and work life be changed?
• Will distant relationships replace local relationships?
• Will trust and responsibility increase or decrease?
• Will people become more informed?
• How will team work be improved?
• Does privacy become more of an issue?
• Which jobs will be redefined?
• Cost versus savings?
• Productivity?
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Collaboration and Social Networking
Privacy
Who can you trust?
MySpace's assets -- including some 50 million-odd personal profiles -- were purchased by Specific Media, an online ad firm.
Advertising is where Facebook and Google make their money
Location
Anonymity
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Schneier (2010) – Taxonomy of Data
•Service data - data you give to a social networking site in order to use it• legal name• age• credit-card number
•Disclosed data - what you post on your own pages• blog entries• photographs• messages
•Entrusted data - what you post on other people's pages • you don't have control over the data once you post it -- another user
does
Collaboration and Social Networking
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• Incidental data - what other people post about you•you don't have control over it, and you didn't create it in the first place.
• Behavioral data - data the site collects about your habits by recording what you do and who you do it with
• Derived data - data about you that is derived from all the other data. •E.G., if 80 percent of your friends self-identify as a UD student, you're likely a UD student yourself
Collaboration and Social Networking
LegalImplications?
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• Texting and driving
• Teens are among the drivers most impaired by distraction. ( AAA Foundation in-car study)
•Teen drivers were distracted almost a quarter of the time • Electronic devices• Texting• Emails• Downloading music
•http://www.distraction.gov/content/get-the-facts/state-laws.html
•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_3WWpCUme3M
Collaboration and Social Networking
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Collaboration and Social Networking