Dinoflagellates from Hainan Island: Potential threat for ...
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![Page 1: 1. Chemostratigraphic reconstruction of biofacies: Molecular evidence linking cyst-forming dinoflagellates with pre-Triassic ancestors New data from numerous.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020111/56649f1a5503460f94c2ff76/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
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Chemostratigraphic reconstruction of biofacies: Molecular evidence linking cyst-forming dinoflagellates with pre-Triassic ancestors
• New data from numerous detailed mass-spectrometric studies have detected triaromatic dinosteroids in
Precambrian to Cenozoic rock samples.
• Triaromatic dinosteroids are organic geochemicals
derived from dinosterols, compounds known in modern organisms to be the nearly exclusive widely occurring products of dinoflagellates.
Geology; February 1996; v. 24; no. 2; p. 159-162
J. Michael Moldowan et al.
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Proterozoic Acritarchs
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Adnatosphaeridium
29 30
Hystrichosphaeridium
Fossil Dinoflagellates: Hystrichospheres
Oldest: Triassic (200 MYA)
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PHYLOGENY
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ALVEOLATES
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ALVEOLI
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713HABITAT
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Karenia37Peridinium
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17ENDOSYMBIONTS: ZOOXANTHELLAE
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NUTRITION
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Autotrophy Heterotrophy
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PISCIVORES
Pfiesteria
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6 Red Tide Neurotoxic ShellfishPoisoning
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BIOLUMINESCENCE
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Ocellus
40
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Desmokont Dinokont
Dinoflagellate Growth Forms
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“Shells”
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“Grooves”
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Flagellae
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Transverse Flagellum(Axoneme, Striated Filament)
Fig. 7.8 in Lee 1999
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Longitudinal Flagellum(Axoneme, R-Fiber)
Fig. 7.6 in Lee 1999
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Fig. 11-1 Graham and Wilcox 2000
Amphiesma
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4Thecal Plates, Sutures
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Fig. 7.10 in Lee 1999
Pusule
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Nucleus, Chromosomes
Figs. 11.21 in Wilcox et al. 2008
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Mitosis, Cytokinesis
Fig. 11.24, 11.26 in Graham et al. 2008
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Fig. 11-26 in Graham and Wilcox 2000 Fig. 7.14 in Lee 1999
“Ejectiles”: Trichocysts
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“Ejectiles”: Mucocysts
Fig. 11.15 in Graham et al. 2008
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“Ejectiles”: Nematocysts (~ “Cnidocysts”)
Fig. 11.16 in Graham et al. 200949
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Eyespot42
Katodinium
43
Woloszynskia
Figs. 11.35, 11.36 in Graham et al. 2008
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Fig. 11-20 in Graham and Wilcox 2000
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Ocellus
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Ocellus (Hyalosome, Pigment Cup)
Fig. 11.38 in Graham et al. 2008
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Bioluminescence (Scintillons)
Fig. 11.32 in Graham et al. 2008
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(Luciferan, Luciferan-Binding-Protein, Luciferase)
Bioluminescence
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NUTRITION
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Phagocytosis / Engulfment
45Noctiluna
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Figs. 11-29, 11-30 in Wilcox et al. 2008
Feeding Tubes(Phagopods)
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Feeding Tubes(Peduncle)
Fig. 11.28 in Wilcox et al. 2008
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Feeding Veils (Pallium)
Fig. 3.5 in Wilcox et al. 2008
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46 Plastids, Pigments
Fig. 11.34 in Wilcox et al. 2008 47
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Fig. 19. LM of Prorocentrum lima. The cell has a central pyrenoid with a starch sheath (the ring-like
structure). © Mona Hoppenrath
Fig. 20. TEM detail of the pyrenoid (py) surrounded by starch in Symbiodinium sp. © Gert Hansen
Fig. 21. TEM showing a cross section through a cell of Heterocapsa rotundata. The pyrenoid (py) is not traversed by thylacoids of the chloroplast and not surrounded by starch. ©
Gert Hansen
Pyrenoids, Storage Products
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(Secondary, Tertiary Endosymbiosis)
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Endosymbiont: Red Alga Endosymbiont: Diatom,Cryptomonad
Multiple Chloroplast Origins
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2 http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/BOT201/Algae/Dinoflagellate% 20panel%20Hokudai.gif
1 http://protist.i.hosei.ac.jp/pdb/Images/Mastigophora/Glenodinium/sp_04c.jpg
3 http://www.daviddarling.info/images/dinoflagellate.gif
4 http://www.aad.gov.au/Asset/em_unit/images/dino1.jpg
5 http://www.nmnh.si.edu/highlight/sem/highlight/dinos/images/fig_a_bbig.jpg
6 http://www.lifeinfreshwater.org.uk/Resource%20Images/habitat/ Red%20Tide.jpg
7 http://www.silvercity.org/Page_1/lake_roberts.jpg
8 http://www.preisvergleich.org/pimages/SKULL-CROSSBONES-2_88__ D-828.265_40.jpg
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9 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Liver_superior.jpg
11 http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=21135
10 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b2/ SynapseIllustration2.png/350px-SynapseIllustration2.png
12 http://www-plb.ucdavis.edu/images/courses/s00bis1c/Dinoflagellate.jpg
13 http://eric.boissard.free.fr/Pictures/oceanwaves.jpg
14 http://omp.gso.uri.edu/discovery/biota/Inverts/surfclm1.jpg
15http://pro.corbis.com/images/42-19878430.jpg?size=67&uid=%7BAF833BF1-09C5-4340-8E21-5D1D9566349E%7D
16 http://www.bigelow.org/reefwatch2001/coral_reefs/images/ glossary/symbiotic.jpg
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18 http://www.sbg.ac.at/ipk/avstudio/pierofun/png/scans/zooxanth.jpg
17 http://www.epa.gov/bioindicators/images/coral/S_Bleaching.jpg
21 http://www.seaslugforum.net/images/zoox1e.jpg
20 http://www.underwater.com.au/content/6154/nudibranch.jpg
22 http://www.whoi.edu/redtide/foodweb/pfiesteriafishsores.jpg
23 http://www.hpl.umces.edu/faculty/roman/biweekly_pfiesteria_picture.JPG
24 http://encyclopedia.quickseek.com/images/Ceratium_hirundinella.jpg
25 http://abacus.bates.edu/people/orgs/running/RunningPhotos/sun-cartoon.gif
27 http://microscope.mbl.edu/baypaul/microscope/lucidkeys/ types_of_flagellates/images/tfp_chilomonas2_ugw.jpg
26 http://universe-review.ca/I10-23-chlorella.gif
28 http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/techniques/hoffmangallery/images/diatoms.jpg
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29 http://www.phoenix.org.br/images/Dinoflagelado_ Adnatosphaeridium.gif
30 http://www.kingston.ac.uk/geolsci/prg/images/photos/ hystrichosphaeridium.jpg
31 http://www.nap.edu/openbook/0309051274/html/images/img00037.jpg
32 http://staff.tuhsd.k12.az.us/tcochran/BioImages/ciliate.jpg
33 http://www.palaeos.com/Proterozoic/Images/RoperAcritarchs.jpg
34 http://etc.usf.edu/lit2go/contents/4100/4118/fig15.gif
35 http://www5.pbrc.hawaii.edu/allen/ch08/mimg/01a-pmen810227-11m.jpg
36 http://www.learner.org/jnorth/images/graphics/manatee/RedTide_Karenia.jpg
37http://silicasecchidisk.conncoll.edu/Pics/Other%20Algae/Other_jpegs/ Peridinium_Key268.jpg
38 http://cimt.ucsc.edu/images/HAB%20ID/dinoflagellate/Dinos.jpg
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39 http://www.aad.gov.au/asset/mme/movies/ProtozoanIngested.jpg
40 http://billeder-billedbasen.emu.dk/annotated/53/5B/9731.jpg
41 http://tolweb.org/Dinoflagellates/2445&usg=__crjTBEMxXApXU3v Hmpr1bD536TM=&h=250&w=471&sz=42&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid= iApAqe-i_JHakM:&tbnh=68&tbnw=129&prev=/images%3Fq%3 Dtransverse%2Bflagellum%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26um%3D1
42 http://www.fimr.fi/en/tietoa/algaline_seuranta/lajistoraportit/lajistoraporttiarkisto/2002/en_GB/804/_files/12076504320047742/default/1_Gymnodinium_sp._1a40_41.6_x_59.2_um_fp06592002.jpg
43 http://www.fimr.fi/en/tietoa/algaline_seuranta/lajistoraportit/ lajistoraporttiarkisto/2005/en_GB/2528/_files/12076504320052782/default/cf._Scrippsiella_hangoei.jpg
44 http://www.bio.utk.edu/vonarnim/images/BRET.jpg
45 http://www.jochemnet.de/fiu/bot4404/noctiluca.jpg
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46 http://tolweb.org/tree/ToLimages/dinochlorotemtol.200a.jpg
47 http://www.pnas.org/content/99/18/11558/F1.large.jpg
48 http://tolweb.org/Dinoflagellates/2445
49 http://tolweb.org/Dinoflagellates/2445
50 http://www.int-res.com/uploads/pics/featureame45_big.jpg