1 Chapter Overview Ethernet FDDI Wireless Networking.
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Transcript of 1 Chapter Overview Ethernet FDDI Wireless Networking.
MAC address
On the card- supposed to be fixed I/G – individual or global (broadcast) G/L – global or local address
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Ethernet Standards
Ethernet is the most popular local area network (LAN) protocol operating at the data-link layer.
There are two sets of Ethernet standards: DIX Ethernet Institute of Electrical and Electronic
Engineers (IEEE) 802.3
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DIX Ethernet Standards
DIX Ethernet. Also known as thick Ethernet, ThickNet, or 10Base5
DIX Ethernet II. Retains 10Base5 and adds 10Base2 (thin Ethernet)
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IEEE 802.3 Standards
IEEE 802.3. 10Base5, 10Base2, and 10Base-T
IEEE 802.3u. Fast Ethernet IEEE 802.3z and IEEE 802.3ab. Gigabit
Ethernet A lot more lately – ready wikipedia for a
recent list, the latest is to define 100 Gbit/s, many utilizes all four pairs of wire.
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DIX Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 Components
Physical layer specifications Frame format CSMA/CD MAC mechanism
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Standard 10-Mbps Ethernet Specifications
Designation Cable Type Topology
Maximum Length
10Base5 RG-8 coaxial Bus 500 meters
10Base2 RG-58 coaxial Bus 185 meters
10Base-T Category 3 UTP
Star 100 meters
Fiber Optic Inter-Repeater Link (FOIRL)
Multimode fiber optic
Star 1,000 meters
10Base-F Multimode fiber optic
Star 500–2,000 meters
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Fast Ethernet (100 to 10 G Mbps) Specifications
Designation
Cable Type Topology Maximum Length
100Base-TX Category 5 UTP Star 100 meters
100Base-T4 Category 3 UTP Star 100 meters
100Base-FX Multimode fiber optic
Star 412 meters
Up to 10G See book (page 115)
Mostly Star
Up to 40 Kilo-meters
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Gigabit Ethernet (1,000 Mbps) Specifications
Designation
Cable Type Topology Maximum Length
1000Base-T Category 5 or 5E UTP Star 100 meters
1000Base-LX Various multimode fiber optic
Star 550–5,000 meters
1000Base-SX Various multimode fiber optic
Star 220–500 meters
1000Base-LH Singlemode fiber optic
Star 10 kilometers
1000Base-ZX Singlemode fiber optic
Star 100 kilometers
1000Base-CX 150-ohm copper Star 25 meters
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UTP Network Characteristics
Runs at various speeds up to 10Gbps Uses the star topology Requires a hub/Switch Uses link segments
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Fiber Optic Ethernet
Fiber Optic Inter-Repeater Link (FOIRL) IEEE 802.3 fiber optic standards:
10Base-FL 10Base-FB 10Base-FP
100Base-FX Gigabit Ethernet standards 10 Gb Ethernet standards
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The 5-4-3 Rule
A standard network can have no more than FIVE segments, connected by FOUR repeaters, of which no more than THREE segments can be mixing segments.
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Media Access Control (MAC)
Is the mechanism that enables multiple computers to use the same network medium without conflicting
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CSMA/CD Phases
Phase Description
Carrier sense A computer listens to the network before transmitting.
Multiple access When the network is clear, the computer transmits the packet.
Collision detection
The computer checks for signs of a collision. If one occurs, it retransmits the packet.
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Collisions
Collisions are also called signal quality errors.
They are normal on Ethernet networks. The frequency of collisions increases as
network traffic increases. Late collisions are a sign of a serious
problem. Collision domain – a segment of network
that can may collide with each other. It is different from a broadcasting domain
The difference between hub and switch
Hub broadcast Switch is one to one, still support
broadcast, CSMA/CD still is necessary Hub is, mostly, at the physical layer Switch is at the Data-Link layer
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Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) Characteristics
First commercial 100-Mbps fiber optic protocol
Uses the token passing MAC mechanism Supports both singlemode and
multimode cable
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IEEE 802.11 Standards
IEEE 802.11a. Speeds of 1 to 2 Mbps IEEE 802.11b. Speeds of 5.5 to 11 Mbps IEEE 802.11g. Speeds up to 54 Mbps IEEE 802.11n. Speeds up to 150 Mbps IEEE 802.11ac up Gbps IEEE 802.11ad 7Gbps