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Transcript of 1 CHAPTER 7 Collaborative Computing Technologies: Group Support Systems.
1
CHAPTER 7
Collaborative Computing Technologies:
Group Support Systems
2
Collaborative Computing Technologies: Group Support
Systems
People
Perform groupwork Need to collaborate Need to communicate
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
3
Opening Vignette: Chrysler SCORES with Groupware
Chrysler used groupware to enhance collaboration and communication with suppliers
Identify waste in the Value Chain Eliminate the waste
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
4
Solution
Lotus Notes Application Extended Enterprise System Incentives for suppliers to contribute Vendor relationship system Provides a competitive advantage
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
5
SCORE Benefits
Enhanced relationships with suppliers Better-quality purchasing practices Better quality product Lower costs (in 2000: $2 billion)
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
6
Groupwork Characteristics
Group performs a task Different places Different times Same or different organizations Permanent or temporary
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
7
More Characteristics
Span managerial levels Synergy or conflict Productivity gains / losses Quick response may be required Hard to meet in one place Multiple sources of knowledge External expertise
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
8
Anytime / Anyplace Collaboration
Enabled by Web Low cost PCs
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
9
Meetings
Joint activity Equal or near equal status Outcome depends on participant’s knowledge,
etc. Outcome depends on group composition Outcome depends on decision-making process Disagreement settled by rank or negotiation
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
10
Groupware
To support groupwork / meetings … Computer-supported cooperative work
(CSCW) Software that provides collaborative
support to groups
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
11
Communication Support
Vital Needed for collaboration
Modern information technologies provide inexpensive, fast, capable, reliable means of supporting communication
Internet / WebDecision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.
Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
12
Supporting Communication Word of mouth Delivery persons Horseback Snailmail Telegraph Telephone Radio Television Videoconferencing Internet / Web
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
13
Nonverbal Communication
Important issue Not captured by most communication
systems
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
14
Supporting Collaboration (CSCW)
People work together Group Support Systems (GSS) Groupware:
Electronic meeting systems Electronic conferencing systems
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
15
A Time/Place Framework
Same Time / Same PlaceDecision Room
Same Time / Different Place Video Conference
Different Time / Same Placevia Internet
Different Time / Different Place
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
16
Time/Place Communication Framework
DifferentPlace
SamePlace
Web-based GSSWhiteboardEmail, VmailWorkflow management systemDocument sharingComputer conferencing with memory
Web-based GSSWhiteboardDocument sharingVideoconferencingAudioconferencingComputer conferencingEmail, Vmail
Different TimeSame Time
GSS in a Decision Room Web-based GSS Workflow management systemDocument sharingEmail, Vmail
GSS in a Decision Room Web-based GSSMultimedia Presentation SystemsWhiteboardDocument sharing
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
17
Groupware
Lotus Notes / Domino ServerIncludes Learning Space
Netscape Collabra Server Microsoft NetMeeting Novell Groupwise GroupSystems TCBWorks WebEx
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
18
Group Support Systems
Goal: to support groupwork Increase benefits / decrease losses of
collaboration Based on
Nominal Group Technique Delphi Method
Electronic Meeting System (EMS)
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
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Important Features
Parallelism Anonymity
Lead to process gains and task gains
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
20
GSS Process Gains
Parallel information processing / flow Larger groups can participate Rapid computer discussions Quiet people can participate equally Noisy people can’t strongly drive meeting Saves travel time (millions $ / year)
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
21
GSS Process Losses
Free-riding Flaming
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
22
GSS Technologies
Decision room Multiple use facility Web-based
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
23
The Decision (Electronic Meeting) Room
12 to 30 networked personal computers Usually recessed Server PC Large-screen projection system Breakout rooms Need a Trained Facilitator for Success
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
24
Cool Rooms
Source: Groupsystem.com, Tuscon, AZ, www.groupsystems.com
US Air Force
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
25
Cool Rooms
IBM Corp.
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
Source: Groupsystem.com, Tuscon, AZ, www.groupsystems.com
26
Cool Rooms
Murraysville School District Bus
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
Source: Groupsystem.com, Tuscon, AZ, www.groupsystems.com
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Few OrganizationsUse Decision Rooms
High Cost Need for a Trained Facilitator Software Support for Cooperative Tasks,
NOT Conflict Issues Infrequent Use Different Place / Different Time Needs May Need More Than One
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
28
Other Technologies
Multiple Use Facility Cheaper Still need a facilitator
Web-based Cheaper: no extra hardware needed Still need facilitator
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
29
GroupSystems
From Groupsystems.com, Tucson, AZ
Comprehensive groupware Windows & Web versions Leading software
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
30
GroupSystems Activities
Agenda Electronic Brainstorming Group Outliner Topic Commenter Categorizer Vote
OthersDecision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.
Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
31
GSS Meeting Process
Idea generation Idea organization Prioritizing Idea generation
Iterate until solution is reached
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
32
Why GSS?
Successful Need
Organizational commitment Executive sponsor Operating sponsor User-seductive interface Dedicated well-trained facilitator Good planning
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
33
Distance Learning (DL)
Nontraditional classroom CSCW / GSS / Groupware Requires technology Not new Effective Growing fast Corporate, too
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
34
DL Advantages Just as effective or more Flexible time Student can keep job Student can travel in job Access anywhere / anytime Can present new technology cheaply Can focus on specific skills Can cost less Expand classroom size easily
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
35
More DL Advantages
Add breadth and depth to course More one-on-one interaction with instructor
(e-mail) Student/faculty contact time increases For continuous learners Attendance is flexible (Careful!) Discussion technologies Student attitudes evolve and improve Impacts (scores) are higher
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
36
DL Disadvantages
Fewer social interactions Less or no on-campus interaction Communications problems Students MUST be highly motivated Students MUST be highly disciplined Students MUST have effective time
management skills Students MUST be extremely dedicated
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
37
More DL Disadvantages
Takes more faculty and staff time Learner must be more responsible Students MUST work hard!
Others …
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
38
Distance Learning Courseware
Lotus Notes Microsoft NetMeeting Novell GroupWise
Learning Space (Lotus Notes) WebCT LearnLinc Virtual Classroom
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
39
Creativity and Idea Generation
Creativity: Generally a human trait Creativity and innovation
Can create tremendous impacts in organizations
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
40
Idea Generation Electronic Brainstorming Can be simulated Can adjust methods
Create more ideas (information overload)
Cognitive maps - useful
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
41
Creativity
Software that exhibits creativity
Intelligent agents (softbots) Copycat (creates analogies) AARON (creates painted art) Genjam (writes jazz music) Kurzweil’s Cybernetic Poet (writes poems)
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
42
Creativity Software Alternatives
CoBrain
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
43
Software that Facilitates Human Creativity
Project KickStart ThoughtPath Creative WhackPack IdeaFisher
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
44
GSS and Collaborative Computing Issues and
Research
GSS/EMS methods Web groupware Distance learning Virtual organization
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ