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Chapter 3 Electronic Structure and the Periodic Law
3.1The Periodic Law and Table
Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.Publishing as Benjamin Cummings
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Periodic Law
Scientist looked for order in detailed studies of elements and had produced an abundance of chemical information.
Scientist looked for a systematic approach to studying chemistry.
Two scientist, made the same important contribution independently and simultaneously named Julius Meyer and Dmitri Mendeleev.
Both schemes were based on the Periodic Law.
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Definition of the Periodic Law
The periodic law is a statement about the behavior of the elements when they are arranged in a specific order. In its present form, it is stated as follows: Elements with similar chemical properties occur at regular (periodic) intervals when the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic numbers.
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Groups and Periods
On the periodic table,
• elements are arranged according to similar properties.
• groups contain elements with similar properties in vertical columns.
• periods are horizontal rows of elements.
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Groups and Periods
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Periodic Table by Meyer and Mendeleev
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Group Numbers
Group Numbers
• use the letter A for the representative elements (1A to 8A) and the letter B for the transition elements.
• also use numbers 1-18 to the columns from left to right.
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Names of Some Representative Elements
Several groups of representative elements are known by common names.
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Alkali Metals
Group 1A(1), the alkali metals, includes lithium, sodium, and potassium.
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Halogens
Group 7A(17) the halogens, includes chlorine, bromine, and iodine.
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Identify the element described by the following.
A. Group 7A(17), Period 4 1) Br 2) Cl 3) Mn
B. Group 2A(2), Period 3 1) beryllium 2) boron 3) magnesium
C. Group 5A(15), Period 2 1) phosphorus 2) arsenic 3) nitrogen
Learning Check
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A. Group 7A (17), Period 4 1) Br
B. Group 2A (2), Period 3
3) magnesium
C. Group 5A(15), Period 2
3) nitrogen
Solution