1 Chapter 14 Acids and Bases 14.1 Acids and Bases Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc....

1

Chapter 14 Acids and Bases

14.1

Acids and Bases

Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

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Acids

Arrhenius acids • Produce H+ ions in

water. H2O

HCl(g) H+(aq) + Cl-

(aq)• Are electrolytes.• Have a sour taste. • Turn litmus red.• Neutralize bases.


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Names of Acids• Nonoxy acids with H and a nonmetal are named with

the prefix hydro and end with ic acid.

HCl hydrochloric acid• Oxyacids with H and a polyatomic ion (with oxygen)

are named by changing the end of the common form of the polyatomic ion from ate to ic acid

ClO3− chlorate ion HClO3 chloric acid

• Oxyacids with one oxygen less than the common form change the ending of an –ite ion to ous acid.

ClO2− chlorite ion HClO2 chlorous acid

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Some Acids and Their Anions


Table 14.1

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Group 7A(17) Oxyacids

Oxyacids in Group 7A (17) can have prefixes.• An acid with one oxygen more than the ic acid

is named with the prefrix per

HClO3 chloric acid HClO4 perchloric acid

• An acid with two oxygen less than the ic acid is named with the prefrix hypo

HClO3 chloric acid HClO hypochlorous acid

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Group 7A(17) Oxyacids


Table 14.2

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Select the correct name for each: A. HBr 1. bromic acid

2. bromous acid 3. hydrobromic acid

B. H2CO3 1. carbonic acid2. hydrocarbonic acid3. carbonous acid

C. HBrO 1. hypobromic acid2. hypobromous acid3. bromous acid

Learning Check

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A. HBr 3. hydrobromic acidThe name of an acid with H and one nonmetal uses the prefix hydro and ends with ic acid.

B. H2CO3 1. carbonic acidAn acid with H and a polyatomic ion is named by changing the end of an –ate ion to ic acid.

C. HBrO 2. hypobromous acidThis oxyacid of bromine has two O atoms less than bromic acid.

Solution

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Bases

Arrhenius bases • Produce OH− ions in

water.• Taste bitter or chalky.• Are electrolytes.• Feel soapy and

slippery.• Neutralize acids. Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

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Some Common Bases

• Bases with OH- ions are named as the hydroxide of the metal in the formula.

NaOH sodium hydroxide

KOH potassium hydroxide

Ba(OH)2 barium hydroxide

Al(OH)3 aluminum hydroxide

Fe(OH)3 iron (III) hydroxide

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Match the formulas with the names:

A. ___HNO2 1) periodic acid

B. ___Ca(OH)2 2) sulfuric acid

C. ___H2SO4 3) sodium hydroxide

D. ___HIO4 4) nitrous acid

E. ___NaOH 5) calcium hydroxide

Learning Check

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Match the formulas with the names: A. 4 HNO2 nitrous acid

B. 5 Ca(OH)2 calcium hydroxide

C. 2 H2SO4 sulfuric acid

D. 1 HIO4 periodic acid

E. 3 NaOH sodium hydroxide

Solution

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BrØnsted-Lowry Acids and Bases

According to the Brønsted-Lowry theory,• Acids donate a proton (H+). • Bases accept a proton (H+).


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NH3, A Brønsted-Lowry Base

In the reaction of ammonia and water,

• NH3 is the base that accept H+.

• H2O is the acid that donates H+.


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Comparing Acids and Bases


Table 14.3

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Identify each as a characteristic of an

A) acid or B) base

____1. Has a sour taste.

____2. Produces OH- in aqueous solutions.

____3. Has a chalky taste.

____4. Is an electrolyte.

____5. Produces H+ in aqueous solutions.

Learning Check

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Identify each as a characteristic of an

A) acid or B) base

A 1. Has a sour taste.

B 2. Produces OH- in aqueous solutions.

B 3. Has a chalky taste.

A, B 4. Is an electrolyte.

A 5. Produces H+ in aqueous solutions.

Solution

1 Chapter 14 Acids and Bases 14.1 Acids and Bases Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc....

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