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Chap 6Engineering Design

PREP004 – Introduction to Applied Engineering

College of Engineering - University of Hail

Fall 2009

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What do these “creations” have in common?

1k/10kHz

Exposure

Intensity amplifier

selector

Tuning circuit

Exposure Control

Reset

sensitivity

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

counter 8 4 2 1 reset

count Infrared detectors

VEX Controller

AD1

AD14

AD15

AD16

Analog To

Digital

Digital IO

Port

CPU

Memory

Infrared Receiver Board

003d50 cfd9 MOVFF 0xfd9,0xfe6

003d52 ffe6 003d54 cfe1 MOVFF

0xfe1,0xfd9 003d56 ffd9003d58 0e02 MOVLW

0x2 003d5a 26e1 ADDWF

0xe1,0x1,0x0

003d5c 0e05 MOVLW 0x5

003d60 ec7d CALL

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Common…….1. They are “created” for a purpose, a “function.”

Most of them fulfill multiple functions.

2. They all have some sort of a shape, a “form.” The shape relates to the function, the usage of the

device, materials implementation, and many other factors.

3. They are all made by using “material.”

4. Virtually all have “cost” considerations.

5. Others have: safety, environmental, simplicity, usability, comfort, …considerations.

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Functions?

Function 1

Functions 1 2

Functions 1 2 3

Functions 1 2 3 4 5

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Engineering Design

Function: To receive signals from the beacon, analyze, send information to controller. (input/output).Form: Most simple rectangle, except the receivers: semicircle. Reason: usage requires wider angle.Material: electronic components

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The Key Elements of Product Design

• Function: All products and services have one or more It is the reason you are building the product. It is the purpose of your design.

• Form: The final form of a product, or a structure, is the result of many factors: -The way you achieve the function, the “solution”, -The available material, their use , their properties,cost, environment etc.

• Materials: The availability and properties have direct effect on the form of the product: strength, weight, flexibility, weathering, environmental impact, aesthetics, temperature, cost, etc.

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The Key Elements of Product Design

.Function

Material Form

Cost

The following is a list of preliminary criteria for a better mousetrap design. This list would be included in the problem definition statement.

• · The design must be low cost.

• · The design should be safe, particularly with small children.

• · The design should not be detrimental to the environment.

• · The design should be aesthetically pleasing.

• · The design should be simple to operate, with minimum human effort.• · The design must be disposable (you don't reuse the trap).• · The design should not cause undue pain and suffering for the mouse.

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Question 1

The final form of a structure is the result of the following factor(s):

a. The use of the material

b. The properties of the material

c. The way the function is achieved.

d. The cost and availability of the material

e. All of the above

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Question 2• The three most important elements of a design

are?

A. Form, Shape, Looks

B. Form, Shape, Size

C. Purpose, Scope, Cost

D. Function, Form, Materials

E. Responsibility, Applicability, Compatibility.

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Design… a definition

'Design is the decision making process by which an idea is transformed into an outcome”

Design establishes and defines solutions to and pertinent structures for problems not solved before, or new solutions to problems not solved before, or new solutions to problems which have previously been solved in a different way

( product or service)

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Engineering Design is a Process

Manpower / Team Work

Materials

Methods / Systematic

Machinery / Testing

Money / Cost

Process

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The Need

Research

GenerateSolutions

Implement

Test

Evaluate Solutions & Select

The design Process

Evaluate

OutcomeDesignProcess

GeneralInformation

SpecificInformation

NO YES

The five steps used for solving design problems are:

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1. Define the problem2. Gather pertinent information3. Generate multiple solutions4. Analyze and select a solution5. Test and implement the solution

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The Engineering Design Process

• Need for the product or the service There has to be a need for the product or the service.

– Who defines it? Society - Government

Market: Customer – Consumer

Need for: Transportation, Communication, Health, Education Food-processing, preservation, delivery, Defense, Entertainment, Comfort, Business , …

• Define The Need: Once the need has been established, the first step of the engineering process is to define the problem on hand.

• BUT, before you define a problem you need to understand it.

• Evaluate the project constraints.

• Customer Requirements What customer ordered: product or services.

(You may have to help your customer define his need)• Translate customer requirements into a workable/ engineering

concept.

Need

Define Problem

Research

Generate many

Solutions

Select best one

Implement &Test

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The Engineering Design Process (cont.)

• Gather Information (Research) for all “How to” elements.

• 10 – 30% of an engineers time can be spend on this step.

• It is continuous rather than a one step activity (“Learning Curve” applies)– Applicable engineering principles – Materials, properties.– Tools and equipment, how to operate.– Etc.

Need

Define Problem

Research

Generate many

Solutions

Select best one

Implement &Test

JKA_ 2009 18

The Engineering Design Process (cont.)

• Brainstorming: An activity designed to generate a lot of ideas/solutions.

• Quantity is of importance - design has many solutions

• Build on the ideas of others

• Focus on Function

- No criticism

- All ideas are welcome- No limits or boundaries- No hesitation

- Sketching : a graphical presentation of an idea

Need

Define Problem

Research

Generate many

solutions

Select best one/

Implement

Implement &Test

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The Engineering Design Process (cont.)

• Modeling• Functional Performance

• Data Analysis• Decision

• Analyze failures • Redesign• Utilize alternate solutions

Need

Define Problem

Research

Generate many

solutions

Select best one/

Implement

Test

Example of Engineering Design Work – Hip Implant

• With age or certain illnesses joints deteriorate. Particularly those with large loads (such as hip).

Example – Hip Implant

• Requirements– mechanical strength

(many cycles)– good lubricity– biocompatibility

Adapted from Fig. 22.24, Callister 7e.

Example – Hip Implant

Adapted from Fig. 22.24, Callister 7e.

Solution – Hip Implant

• Key Problems to overcome:– fixation agent to hold

acetabular cup– cup lubrication material– femoral stem – fixing agent

(“glue”)– must avoid any debris in

cup– Must hold up in body

chemistry– Must be strong yet flexible

AcetabularCup and

Liner

Ball

Femoral Stem

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REFERENCE1. Ertas, A., Jones, J. C., The Engineering Design Process, John Wiley and Sons, NewYork, 1996.2. Lumsdaine, E., Lumsdaine, M., Shelnutt, J. W., Creative Problem Solving andEngineering Design, McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York, 1999.3. Sanders, M. S., McCormick, E. J., Human Factors in Engineering and Design,McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York, 1993.4. Dym, C. L., Little, P., Engineering Design: A Project-Based Introduction, JohnWiley, New York, 1999.5. Hyman, B., Fundamental of Engineering Design, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1998 6-

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