1 CASE STUDIES IN PROJECT MANAGEMENT Lecture 3 Project management methodologies.
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Transcript of 1 CASE STUDIES IN PROJECT MANAGEMENT Lecture 3 Project management methodologies.
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CASE STUDIES IN PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Lecture 3
Project management methodologies
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Project management methodologies
• Project Cycle Management
• Logical Framework Approach
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Project Cycle ManagementIdentification
Reviewing Monitoring
Implementation
Evaluation Project design
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Goal Oriented Project Planning
Methodology based on:• Problem analysis• Cause and effect relationship • Objectives definition
GOPP phases
Context analysis
Project planning
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Context Analysis
Sub-steps:
• Problem analysis
• Objectives analysis
• Identification of objectives and assessment of alternatives
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Increase ofpollution
Smaller enterprisesdo not innove and
are less competitive
Enterprisesdont knowwhat to do,
which choicesto get
Enterprises have notcapabilities to get newlower emissions level
Enterprises cannotprogramme and
realize investmentsof innovation
Training coursesobsolete
Relevantinvestme
nts
Consultantand servicesexpensive
and not easy to find
Smallerenterprise are not adequately
ready
Entrepreneursand workerswithout basis
technicalpreparation
Problem TreeProblem Analysis
Example: focus on manufacturing sector, fighting pollution, and the obstacles for adaptation by smaller one enterprise
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How to build a problem tree
1. Identify major problems existing within a given situation
2. Select an individual starter problem
3. Look for related problems to the starter problem:
4. Establish hierarchy of cause and effects: Problems which are directly causing the starter problems are put below
Problems which are direct effects of the starter problem are put above
5. Complete with all other problems accordingly
6. Connect the problems with cause-effect arrows
7. Review the diagram and verify its validity and completeness
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Objectives Tree
Decreaseofpollution
Small er enterprisesbecomei nnovati ve,
more c ompeti tive
Enterprises
became able tochange
Enterprises
increasecapabili ties torespectl oweremissions level
Enterprises start to
invest and i nnov e
Trai ning cours es
adaptedand
effec tive
Easieraccess to
credi t and capital
Pricingservices
appropriate
Small erenterprises
are ready tochange
Entrepreneursand workers
have goodtechnical skills
Objectives Analysis
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How to build an objectives tree
1. Reformulate all negative situations of the problems analysis into positive situations, goals.
2. Check the means-ends relationships
3. If necessary: - revise statements
- add new objectives
- delete objectives which do not seem suitable, convenient or necessary
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Decrease ofpollution
Smaller enterprisesbecome innovative, more competitive
Enterprisesbecame able to
change
Enterprisesincrease
capabilities torespect lower
emissions level
Enterprises start toinvest and innove
Training coursesadapted
and effective
Easieraccess tocredit and
capital
Pricingservicesappropri
ate
Smallerenterprisesare ready to
change
Entrepreneursand workershave good
technical skills
TRAINING GUIDANCE BUSINESS
Identification of objectives and assessment of alternatives
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Check list
1. Collection of figures and information• Did we adequately interview beneficiaries? • Have well defined problems and its effects?• Have we look for different actors?• Have we considered all relevant statistical sources?
2. Problems definition• Have we understood what is the beneficiaries’ problem?• Are problems clearly exposed?
3. Logic connection among problems and among objectives
• Is there the right connection between causes and effects?
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Project planningTwo sub-steps:
• choice of fields of action
• definition of the project with the Logical Frame
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Logical Framework Approach
Key steps in the Logical Framework Approach:
• General scope and focus• Planning framework, terminology and design
process• Situation analysis• Project strategy • Assumptions and risks• Monitoring and evaluation framework
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Logical Framework Matrix
Intervention Logic
Verifiable Indicators
Means of Verification
Important Assumptions
Goal --
Purpose
Outputs
Activities
Preconditions
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Assumptions in Logical Framework
Goals
Project Purpose
Outputs
Activities
Preconditions
Assumptions
Assumptions
Assumptions
+
+
+
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Project planning steps
• General problem identification• Identification of beneficiaries problems and of context problems• Creation of the problem tree• Creation of the objectives tree• Clustering of objectives• Choice of one or more clusters to focus on• Definition of the project purpose• Definition of overall objectives • Definition of the results/outputs• Definition of activities• Identification of assessments• Definition of indicators
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Reports
Progress reports• Activity section• Financial section
Final report• Summary of activities • Main results
Partners contribution
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Project closure
Start-up phase
Implementation phase
Project closure
A project can be considered closed when:• Managing Authority accepted formally all outputs• Documentation and reference material is in place• Actions and recommendations are documented and
disseminated• All expenditures have been paid and certified.
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Communication methods
Method PurposeInstitution newsletter Αwareness – Inform
Project web site Αwareness – Inform –Promote
Press releases Αwareness
Flyers / brochures Αwareness
Conference presentations Engage – Promote
Conference posters Engage – Promote
Workshops Engage
Journal articles Inform
Reports and other documents
Inform