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• But, still only one-third through on points
• Wolf outlines back today• Essays due next Thursday, 3/13
Notes (3/6)• Half-way through semester today!
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Hohokam• Pima for “those who have gone”• Who, where, and how
– Contrasts with Anasazi• When• Why they left• Where they went
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Emil Haury• 1904 – 1992• Observant• Gap event• Mammoth
digs• Studied all
SW cultures• Hohokam• Head, Anthro.• Dir., ASM• Friend of
LTRR
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Hohokam
• Sonoran desert• Near rivers
• Tucson examples
• Where from?
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Sonoran Desert Environment
• Climate
• Vegetation
• Big difference:
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Hohokam Chronology
• 500 BC – AD 800
• 800 – 1150
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Hohokam Chronology
• 1150 – 1300
• Post 1300
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Pithouses
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Preservation
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Ballcourts• -• -• -
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Hohokam Platform Mounds• -• -• -
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Big Houses• -
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Harvesting the Desert
• Trash piles instructive• Plants
– -– -– -
• Animals: – -– -
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Farming the Desert• -• -• -
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Farming the Desert• Canals well
engineered– -
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• Pueblo Grande:-
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Farming the Desert
• Floodwater farming– -
•-•-
• Dry farming– -
•-•-•-•-
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Environmental Zonation• Alluvial fans:
– -
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Zone 5• -• -
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Zone 2• -• -
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Zone 4• -• -
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Hohokam AbandonmentClimate: Droughts & Floods
• Pro:– Late 1300s floods damaged
irrigation system• Con:
– Had survived earlier floods.
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Salt River Stream Flow• -• -
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Hohokam AbandonmentOverpopulation
• Pro:– -
•-– -– -
• Con:– -– -
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Hohokam Abandonment
Soil Salinization-
• Irrigation water– Fresh: -– Ground: -– CAP: -– Ocean: -
• Arid environment.
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Hohokam Abandonment
Soil Salinization• Ruins soil for farming:
– -• -• -
• -– -
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Hohokam AbandonmentSoil Salinization
• Pro:– -– -
• Con:– -– -
•-•-
– -
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Where Did They Go?
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See HohokamIn Tucson
• Haury espoused field lecture connections
• Ft. Lowell Park– E. Glenn St.– N. Craycroft
Rd.• Go to ne corner• Pithouse outline• Lots of interp.
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Wolf Outlines
• Grading: 50 pts• Average score: 40 (80%)• Many no shows (ouch): please see
me• Plenty of evidence of synthesizing
research items• Lots of red on papers, but don’t
take it personal.
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Essay Improvements• Include more reference citations in
text– ~15 references need, nice mix
(but not my web sites)• Better organization
– Intro: Quick history of the wolf to present
– Cons to reintroduction, focus on a couple
– Pros to reintroduction, perhaps in response to cons
– Conclusion: Reintro is controversial but …
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Essay Improvements
• Don’t write too personal– Too much 1st person voice, “I
believe,” especially in conclusion• Emphasize arguments, not arguers
– Environmentalists are shoving the wolf down ranchers’ throats …
– Passive voice ok, even preferred• Redundancy is easy, but not helpful • 1 species, and 2+ species (spee sheez)• the Southwest, but the southwestern
U.S.