1 Buffalo Breeding Policy and Action Plan by M Ahmad

Dr. Manzoor AhmadSenior Research Officer

Buffalo Research Institute Pattoki District Kasur

BREEDING POLICY AND ACTION PLAN BREEDING POLICY AND ACTION PLAN FOR BUFFALO BREEDINGFOR BUFFALO BREEDING

•• There are 20 million buffaloes in Punjab. Population trend is poThere are 20 million buffaloes in Punjab. Population trend is positive. sitive.

•• In 1986, this number was 11.2 millions which rose to 13.1 millioIn 1986, this number was 11.2 millions which rose to 13.1 million in the livestock n in the livestock census (GOP, 1996: 2003). census (GOP, 1996: 2003).

•• Distribution of buffaloes is variable across different agroDistribution of buffaloes is variable across different agro--ecological zones.ecological zones.

•• Most population is found in northern irrigated districts. Most population is found in northern irrigated districts.

•• About 4.5% of the buffaloes are raised in urban while 95.5% are About 4.5% of the buffaloes are raised in urban while 95.5% are raised in rural area. raised in rural area.

•• There is shortage of breeding bulls and coverage has been aroundThere is shortage of breeding bulls and coverage has been around 5%. 5%.

•• However, bulls used for AI have good pedigree performance. However, bulls used for AI have good pedigree performance.

•• The “Progeny Testing Program” for evaluation of bulls has been cThe “Progeny Testing Program” for evaluation of bulls has been carried out by Livestock arried out by Livestock Production Research Institute since 1984 at a limited scale. Production Research Institute since 1984 at a limited scale.

•• During 2006During 2006--2007, 2007, The Buffalo Research Institute (BRI), Pattoki District Kasur lauThe Buffalo Research Institute (BRI), Pattoki District Kasur launched nched one of the largest Progeny Testing Program in Nili Ravi buffaloeone of the largest Progeny Testing Program in Nili Ravi buffaloes with 3 Govt. Buffalo s with 3 Govt. Buffalo Farms (LES, Bhunikey, Haroonabad & Chak Katora), 2 Military BuffFarms (LES, Bhunikey, Haroonabad & Chak Katora), 2 Military Buffalo Farms (Khayber & alo Farms (Khayber & Punjnad) and in registered buffaloes of the farmers & breeders iPunjnad) and in registered buffaloes of the farmers & breeders in 10 project districts; n 10 project districts; Kasur, Gujrat, Gujranwala, M. B. Din, Hafizabad, Faisalabad, T. Kasur, Gujrat, Gujranwala, M. B. Din, Hafizabad, Faisalabad, T. T. Singh, Pakpattan, T. Singh, Pakpattan, Vehari and Bahawalnagar. Vehari and Bahawalnagar.

Buffalo Breeding in PunjabBuffalo Breeding in Punjab•• Under this program more than fifteen thousand animals have been Under this program more than fifteen thousand animals have been registered from the registered from the

field districts and a total of 2077 buffaloes (both from the fiefield districts and a total of 2077 buffaloes (both from the field districts and three Govt. ld districts and three Govt. Buffalo Farms) have been declared as elite/ bull mothers on the Buffalo Farms) have been declared as elite/ bull mothers on the basis of their estimated basis of their estimated breeding values (EBVs) or Generalized Linear Solution (GLS) valubreeding values (EBVs) or Generalized Linear Solution (GLS) values. es.

•• The 305The 305--days lactation milk yield is being used as criteria trait for evdays lactation milk yield is being used as criteria trait for evaluation with aluation with animal model. animal model.

•• The registered breeders are provided incentives in shape of freeThe registered breeders are provided incentives in shape of free insemination, insemination, vaccination and medication of registered animals and their progevaccination and medication of registered animals and their progeny.ny.

•• So for 1217 calves (621 male and 596 female) have been born withSo for 1217 calves (621 male and 596 female) have been born with the inseminations the inseminations of test/ proven bull semenof test/ proven bull semen..

•• This program needs further expansion throughout the Punjab This program needs further expansion throughout the Punjab

Proposed Breeding Policy for Buffaloes Proposed Breeding Policy for Buffaloes

•• Improvement in milk production of buffaloes through selection anImprovement in milk production of buffaloes through selection and improved d improved utilization through interutilization through inter--provincial initiatives.provincial initiatives.

•• Improvement of reproductive performance of buffaloes through redImprovement of reproductive performance of buffaloes through reduction in age at uction in age at first calving and calving interval first calving and calving interval

•• Regulation of breeding services at institutional level as well aRegulation of breeding services at institutional level as well as private initiativess private initiatives

•• Grading up of nonGrading up of non--descript buffaloes with Nili, Ravi, and Nilidescript buffaloes with Nili, Ravi, and Nili--Ravi breeds in their Ravi breeds in their respective homerespective home--tractstracts

•• Conservation and development of recognized Nili and Ravi buffaloConservation and development of recognized Nili and Ravi buffalo breeds through breeds through farmers participationfarmers participation

Breed Characteristics Breed Characteristics

NILI BREED:

• The Nili buffalo is one of the finest breeds in the Punjab and is well known for its various qualities.

• The animals are mostly black in color but some time brown animals are also seen. They possess small well-set head, hollow face with small active walled eyes.

• Horns are thick at the base and pointed at the tip and from well-formed rings. Ears are thin and pendulous and neck is long and thin.

• The tail is well-set and long, almost touching the ground. The legs are comparatively short.

• There is generally a big prominent udder with well placed and developed teats about 20 cm long which are a distinctive features of the breed.

• The skin usually is jet black, sparsely covered with fine hair.

• The buffaloes with white foreheads, white switch of the tail, white four legs ( Panj kalian i.e. five white extremities), wall eyes and jet black body colour form the typical specimen of the pure Nili breed.

• The average milk yield is 9 to 15 kg per day.

RAVI BREED:

• The Ravi buffaloes are mostly black and brown in colour.

• The breed was mostly seen along the Ravi River and around the Bahadurnagar

Farm in Mardani, Hassan wala, Khichhian village and Okara district.

• The animals of the this breed possess fairly big head (distinctive from that of

Nili), flat forehead, thick short neck, wide hind quarters.

• Big soft udder with long teats.

• Spiral or dropped horns,

• Thin soft hairless oily skin and long thin tail.

• The milk yield varied from 7.5 to 14 kg per day.

NILI RAVI BBREED:

• The Nili Ravi buffaloes are usually black in color but brown colour is not uncommon (10-15 percent).

• Wall-eyes and white marking on forehead, face, muzzle, legs and tail switch are common and are very much desired.

• Horns are short, broad at the base and closely curled behind the base. A fewanimals (1-2 percent) have loose hanging horns.

•The body is massive and barrel shaped with a deep frame.

•The head is long, convex in the upper third but with a depression between the orbits. It shows good depth from the angle of the jaw to the base of the horns.

• Nasal and frontal bones are prominent.

• Eyes are prominent, especially in the females.

•The neck is long and thin in the females and thick and powerful in the males.

•There is no dewlap and the umbilical fold is small.

•The legs are comparatively short with good bone.

•The female is wedge shaped with relatively narrow forequarters and wideroomy hindquarters.

•The back is wide and straight between the prominent withers and the slightly sloping rump.

•The tail is well set on, broad at the base and tapering at ends at the fetlock or just below it in a big tuft of hair which may tail on the ground.

•The udder is well developed, extending far forward and backward.

•The teats are long, even and squarely placed and the milk veins are prominent.

•The average Nili-Ravi female weighs about 656 kg and maleabout 783 kg.

• There is a tremendous potential for production of buffalo meat through fattening of buffalo calves and those with low yielding potential and unfit for breeding.

• The demand for buffalo has increased primarily because consumers perceive it to have low cholesterol and more lean meat.

• According to some estimates about 6-7 million buffalo calves if raised onbalance diet could double the meat production.

• Many trials on feed lot fattening have been conducted to exploitfattening potential of buffalo male calves.

• The results have shown that Nili Ravi buffalo calves have daily weight gain of500 -900 grams per day.

Meat Production:

BRI: Registration BRI: Registration of buffalo of buffalo breeders/ breeders/ animalsanimals

BBA: BBA: Identification of Identification of the proper the proper breeding stock/ breeding stock/ breeders in the breeders in the respective respective districts. districts.

BRIBRI

BBA BBA

Buffalo herds/ Buffalo herds/ breeders: 100 breeders: 100 for the first for the first year, followed year, followed by 30/annumby 30/annum

1.1. Formation of Formation of Buffalo Buffalo Breeder Breeder Association in Association in collaboration collaboration with BRI, with BRI, Pattoki, Pattoki, L&DD DepttL&DD Deptt

2.2. Registration Registration of buffalo of buffalo breeders/ breeders/ animals animals

Selective Selective breeding breeding

Improvement Improvement in milk in milk production production

Role of Role of individual individual stake holder stake holder

Action Action by by

Target/Target/Timeframe Timeframe

Program Program StrategyStrategyObjectiveObjective

BRI: Performance BRI: Performance recording and recording and monitoring of monitoring of registered animals registered animals under Progeny Testing under Progeny Testing Program of BRI. Program of BRI.

BBA/Breeders: BBA/Breeders: Performance recording Performance recording of registered animals of registered animals by the breeders under by the breeders under the monitoring of BBA the monitoring of BBA

BRIBRI

BBABBA

Monthly morning, Monthly morning, evening recording evening recording for lactation yields for lactation yields

Partial Milk Partial Milk Production Production Recording Recording

Role of individual Role of individual stake holderstake holder

Action Action byby

Target/Target/TimeframeTimeframe


BRI/ BBA:BRI/ BBA:i) Data analysis i) Data analysis and evaluation of and evaluation of registered registered animals animals

ii) Monitoring of ii) Monitoring of breeding for elite breeding for elite animals with animals with proven bull proven bull semen semen

BRI/ BRI/ BBABBA

Through Through genetic genetic evaluation for evaluation for standard standard lactation milk lactation milk yield; type and yield; type and fat as traits to fat as traits to be added in the be added in the years to come years to come

Identification of Identification of elite animals in elite animals in the milk recorded the milk recorded farms farms

Role of Role of individual individual stake holderstake holder

Action Action byby



BRI: Purchase of male BRI: Purchase of male calves from BRI calves from BRI registered breeders registered breeders under defined selection under defined selection criteria criteria

BBA: Provision of young BBA: Provision of young calves to BRI/ DBI for calves to BRI/ DBI for semen collection on semen collection on shared basis. shared basis. Coordination in the Coordination in the selection of male calves. selection of male calves.

BRIBRI

BBABBA

1) CRC at LES 1) CRC at LES Bhunikey is Bhunikey is completed completed

ii) CRC at LES., ii) CRC at LES., Haroonabad & Haroonabad & Chak Katora are Chak Katora are under development under development phase. phase.

Calf Calf Raising Raising


Action Action byby



BRI: Data BRI: Data evaluation of evaluation of Military Farms Military Farms (Khyber & Punjab) (Khyber & Punjab) as per letter of as per letter of agreement signed. agreement signed. RV& FC: Data RV& FC: Data recording and recording and coordination with coordination with BRI. BRI.

BRI: Research on BRI: Research on improvement in improvement in reproductive reproductive efficiency. efficiency. DBI/DLDC: DBI/DLDC: Extension of Extension of technology technology package package (developed by BRI) (developed by BRI) to the farmers to the farmers

BRIBRI

BRIBRI

DBI/ DBI/ DLDCDLDC

Military Military farms also farms also need to be need to be added along added along with with registered registered farms farms

Government Government farms and farms and registered registered farms farms through through improved improved extension extension services services

Expanding Expanding Progeny Progeny Testing Testing Program Program

Reproductive Reproductive performance performance

Reducing Reducing age at 1st age at 1st calving & calving & reduction reduction in calving in calving interval interval

Improvement in Improvement in Reproductive Reproductive Efficiency Efficiency

Role of Role of individual stake individual stake holderholder

Action Action byby



BRI: Coordination BRI: Coordination with BBA for with BBA for identification of breed identification of breed specific farms specific farms

BBA: Coordination BBA: Coordination with BRI for with BRI for identification of identification of specific breed farms specific breed farms in private and public in private and public sectorsector

DBI: Coordination DBI: Coordination with BRI and BBA etc.with BRI and BBA etc.

BRI/ BRI/ BBA BBA

Identification Identification of of NiliNili and and Ravi breedsRavi breeds

Establishment Establishment of breed of breed specific farms specific farms in public and in public and private sector private sector

Maintenance Maintenance of Nucleus of Nucleus Herds Herds

Breed Breed Development Development


ActioAction byn by



BRI/BBA: BRI/BBA: Conduction of trials Conduction of trials and coordination and coordination with RV&FC, UVAS with RV&FC, UVAS & UAF & UAF

DLF: Coordination DLF: Coordination with RV&FC for the with RV&FC for the conduction of trials conduction of trials

RV&FC: Conduction RV&FC: Conduction of 10 trials per year of 10 trials per year at Military Farms at Military Farms and coordination and coordination with BRI and DLF. with BRI and DLF. DBI: DBI: Cryopreservation of Cryopreservation of semen at semen at SPUsSPUs

BRI/BBABRI/BBA

DLFDLF

RV&FC RV&FC

DBIDBI

Military Dairy Military Dairy Farms, Farms, Nucleus Nucleus herds of DLF, herds of DLF, BRI and LPRI BRI and LPRI

Research to Research to develop develop protocol for protocol for ETT/ IVF in ETT/ IVF in buffalobuffalo

1. Embryo 1. Embryo Transfer Transfer Technology/ Technology/ IVF IVF 2. 2. CryopreserCryopreser--vationvation of of semensemen


Action Action byby



PR: Provision of PR: Provision of subsidy on subsidy on transportation of transportation of animalsanimals

L&DD: Preparation L&DD: Preparation of case of subsidy of case of subsidy for transportation for transportation of animals back to of animals back to Punjab and Punjab and sending the case sending the case to the Pakistan to the Pakistan Railway Railway

PRPR

L&DD L&DD

Subsidy on Subsidy on Railways Railways transportation transportation of animals of animals back to Punjab back to Punjab

Discouraging of Discouraging of slaughtering of slaughtering of breeding buffalo breeding buffalo in Karachi and in Karachi and Hyderabad Hyderabad

Salvation Salvation of Superior of Superior buffalo buffalo


Action Action byby



BRI: Farmers training for BRI: Farmers training for awareness of this program awareness of this program

BBA: Coordination with BRI BBA: Coordination with BRI and farmers for and farmers for implementation of this implementation of this targettarget

L&DD: L&DD: (i) Farmers education at (i) Farmers education at Punjab level Punjab level (ii) Implementation of (ii) Implementation of slaughter act at Punjab slaughter act at Punjab level.level.BRI: Coordinate with DLF BRI: Coordinate with DLF for saving Orphan calves.for saving Orphan calves.

BRIBRI

BBA BBA

L&DD L&DD

Encouraging Encouraging farmers to farmers to sell buffaloes sell buffaloes in later in later parities parities

Farmer Farmer education & education & implementaimplementa--tiontion of of slaughter slaughter control act control act for breed for breed able able buffaloes/ buffaloes/ Orphan Orphan calves calves

Discouraging of Discouraging of slaughtering slaughtering orphan calves of orphan calves of Superior Superior buffaloes sent buffaloes sent to Karachi and to Karachi and Hyderabad Hyderabad

Salvation Salvation of of Orphan Orphan calves of calves of Superior Superior buffalobuffalo

Role of individual stake Role of individual stake holderholder

Action Action byby



BBA/BRI: BBA in BBA/BRI: BBA in coordination with coordination with BRI. BRI.

BBA/BRIBBA/BRICash awards Cash awards and other and other incentives incentives

Organizing Organizing milk milk competitions competitions and buffalo and buffalo shows at shows at district and district and provincial level provincial level

Expansion of Expansion of buffalo buffalo breeder breeder association association


Action Action byby



Distt. Govt.: Provision of Distt. Govt.: Provision of funds for purchase of funds for purchase of medicines, equipment and medicines, equipment and vaccines for animalsvaccines for animals

DAH: Purchase of DAH: Purchase of medicines, vaccines etc. medicines, vaccines etc. and provision of staff for and provision of staff for necessary service necessary service

Distt. Distt. Govt.Govt.

DAH DAH

Establishment Establishment of model for of model for Veterinary Veterinary Services Services Network at Network at district level district level to improve to improve buffalo buffalo breeders breeders association association

i) Development i) Development of district units of district units of buffalo of buffalo breeders breeders associationassociation

ii) Income ii) Income generating generating sources for the sources for the sustainability of sustainability of buffalo breeders buffalo breeders association association


Action Action byby



BBA: BBA: i) Identity specific i) Identity specific breeders with specific breeders with specific breeds breeds

ii) Development of ii) Development of buffalo herd book buffalo herd book

BBABBAOrganization at Organization at district & district & Province level for Province level for augmenting augmenting breed breed improvementimprovement

Development Development of buffalo of buffalo breeds breeds associations associations


Action Action byby



DLF:DLF: Directorate of Livestock FarmsDirectorate of Livestock FarmsDLDCDLDC: District Livestock Development : District Livestock Development Centers Centers

UVAS:UVAS: University of Veterinary and Animal University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore Sciences, Lahore

DBI:DBI: Directorate of Breed Improvement Directorate of Breed Improvement (new name for directorate of LPE & AI) (new name for directorate of LPE & AI)

RV& FCRV& FC: Remount Veterinary & Farms : Remount Veterinary & Farms Corps Corps

DAH:DAH: Directorate of Animal Health Directorate of Animal Health

PR:PR: Pakistan Railways Pakistan Railways CRC:CRC: Calf Raising Centre Calf Raising Centre

L&DD:L&DD: Livestock & Dairy Development Livestock & Dairy Development BRIBRI:: Buffalo Research Institute, Pattoki Buffalo Research Institute, Pattoki District KasurDistrict Kasur

IVF:IVF: In Vitro Fertilization In Vitro Fertilization BBA:BBA: Breeders AssociationBreeders Association

ETT:ETT: Embryo Transfer Technology Embryo Transfer Technology AI:AI: Artificial InseminationArtificial Insemination

AbbreviationsAbbreviations:

1 Buffalo Breeding Policy and Action Plan by M Ahmad

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