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Biomass Cogeneration - Introduction

Stephen Karekezi,AFREPREN/FWDNairobi, Kenya

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Successful in sale of power to grid

Accounts for close to 40% of 725MW national generation capacity (of which 25% is from bagasse)

Began with smaller installations (1.5MW - 5MW) recently installed an 82MW plant

Cogeneration in Mauritius

Others

Sugar Industry

Power Generation – Mauritius 2007

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Cogeneration in Mauritius• Cogeneration attractive as it

offers alternative revenue stream to Mauritius key economic sector – sugar industry

• Power sales revenue for some sugar millers recently exceeded that from sugar

• Diversified sources of power thus providing protection against unstable & high oil price increases as well as drought induced hydro-power crises

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Eskom, South Africa Cogen Initiative5000MW

Call - Expression of Interest (EOI) Initial Target 900MW

• Offered a standard PPA & feed-in tariff to be based on avoided cost of thermal power units

• Overwhelming response – 2000MW+ EOI received midway

• 5000MW EOIs received by end of September – approx. 10% of South Africa’s current installed capacity

• 5000MW > East Africa’s entire installed power generation capacity

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Cogeneration in Sugar Industries Attractive Option in the Region

Country Cogeneration potential at 150kWh/tonne (MW)

% of current installed capacity

Kenya 159.2 14

Ethiopia 32.4 4

Tanzania 102.6 11

Sudan 16 21

Malawi 59.2 24

Swaziland 194.0 145

Uganda 48.3 15

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Feed-in Tariff: Key Factor for Success

• Feed-in tariffs in place in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania, with the most attractive rates in Kenya and Tanzania

• Partly linked to power crises faced in the region

• Feed-in tariff for cogeneration comparative to Mauritius tariff of 9-11 US cents

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Opportunities for Cogeneration in the tea industry

• Cogeneration not widely practiced in Tea industry but has significant potential

• Tea factories already have forest plantations in place which are used to provide heating requirement

• Cogeneration can eliminate electricity costs that can account for a significant proportion of costs