1 BACTERIA. 2 2 Bacterial colony Figure 4.1 4 4.
-
Upload
corey-hester-simon -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
1
Transcript of 1 BACTERIA. 2 2 Bacterial colony Figure 4.1 4 4.
![Page 1: 1 BACTERIA. 2 2 Bacterial colony Figure 4.1 4 4.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f345503460f94c516a6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
BACTERIA
![Page 2: 1 BACTERIA. 2 2 Bacterial colony Figure 4.1 4 4.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f345503460f94c516a6/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
22
![Page 3: 1 BACTERIA. 2 2 Bacterial colony Figure 4.1 4 4.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f345503460f94c516a6/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Bacterial colony
Figure 4.1
![Page 4: 1 BACTERIA. 2 2 Bacterial colony Figure 4.1 4 4.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f345503460f94c516a6/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
44
![Page 5: 1 BACTERIA. 2 2 Bacterial colony Figure 4.1 4 4.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f345503460f94c516a6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5Bacteria are very small
![Page 6: 1 BACTERIA. 2 2 Bacterial colony Figure 4.1 4 4.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f345503460f94c516a6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
This is a pore in human skin and the yellow spheres are bacteria
![Page 7: 1 BACTERIA. 2 2 Bacterial colony Figure 4.1 4 4.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f345503460f94c516a6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
Bacteria are very small compared to cells with nuclei
![Page 8: 1 BACTERIA. 2 2 Bacterial colony Figure 4.1 4 4.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f345503460f94c516a6/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
Bacteria compared to a white blood cell that is going to eat it
Bacteria
![Page 9: 1 BACTERIA. 2 2 Bacterial colony Figure 4.1 4 4.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f345503460f94c516a6/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
Clean skin has about 20 million bacteria per square inch
![Page 10: 1 BACTERIA. 2 2 Bacterial colony Figure 4.1 4 4.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f345503460f94c516a6/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
Evolution/Classification• Most numerous on Earth• Most Ancient• Microscopic Prokaryotes• Adapted to survive where no other organisms can.• Grouped based on:
– Structure, physiology, molecular composition,reaction to specific types of stain.
– Eubacteria= Germs/bacteria– Archaebacteria
![Page 11: 1 BACTERIA. 2 2 Bacterial colony Figure 4.1 4 4.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f345503460f94c516a6/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
Kingdom Archaebacteria
• First discovered in extreme environments
• Methanogens: Harvest energy by converting H2 and CO2 into methane gas
– Anaerobic, live in intestinal tracts
• Extreme halophiles: Salt loving, live in Great Salt Lake, and Dead sea.
• Thermoacidophiles: Live in acid environments and high temps. – Hot Springs, volcanic vents
![Page 12: 1 BACTERIA. 2 2 Bacterial colony Figure 4.1 4 4.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f345503460f94c516a6/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
Volcanic vents on the sea floor
![Page 13: 1 BACTERIA. 2 2 Bacterial colony Figure 4.1 4 4.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f345503460f94c516a6/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
Chemosynthetic bacteria use the sulfur in the “smoke” for energy to make ATP.
![Page 14: 1 BACTERIA. 2 2 Bacterial colony Figure 4.1 4 4.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f345503460f94c516a6/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
Kingdom Eubacteria
• Can have one of three basic shapes
1. Bacilli – rod-shaped2. Spirilla – spiral-shaped3. Cocci – sphere-shaped
Streptococci – in chains
Staphylococci – grape-like clusters
![Page 15: 1 BACTERIA. 2 2 Bacterial colony Figure 4.1 4 4.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f345503460f94c516a6/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
Bacillus bacteria are rod shaped
![Page 16: 1 BACTERIA. 2 2 Bacterial colony Figure 4.1 4 4.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f345503460f94c516a6/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
Coccus bacteria are
sphere shaped
![Page 17: 1 BACTERIA. 2 2 Bacterial colony Figure 4.1 4 4.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f345503460f94c516a6/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
Spirillium bacteria have a corkscrew shape
![Page 18: 1 BACTERIA. 2 2 Bacterial colony Figure 4.1 4 4.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f345503460f94c516a6/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
BACTERIA PICS
![Page 19: 1 BACTERIA. 2 2 Bacterial colony Figure 4.1 4 4.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f345503460f94c516a6/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
Diplo-bacteria occur in
pairs, such as the
diplococcus bacteria that
causes gonorrhea
![Page 20: 1 BACTERIA. 2 2 Bacterial colony Figure 4.1 4 4.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f345503460f94c516a6/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
Staphylo - bacteria occur in
clumps, such as this
staphylococcus bacteria that causes
common infections of
cuts
![Page 21: 1 BACTERIA. 2 2 Bacterial colony Figure 4.1 4 4.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f345503460f94c516a6/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
Strepto- bacteria occur in chains of
bacteria, such as this
streptococcus bacteria that causes some types of sore
throats
![Page 22: 1 BACTERIA. 2 2 Bacterial colony Figure 4.1 4 4.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f345503460f94c516a6/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
Spirillium bacteria
![Page 23: 1 BACTERIA. 2 2 Bacterial colony Figure 4.1 4 4.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f345503460f94c516a6/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
Diplobacillus bacteria
![Page 24: 1 BACTERIA. 2 2 Bacterial colony Figure 4.1 4 4.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f345503460f94c516a6/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
Streptococcus bacteria
![Page 25: 1 BACTERIA. 2 2 Bacterial colony Figure 4.1 4 4.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f345503460f94c516a6/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
Staphylococcus bacteria
![Page 26: 1 BACTERIA. 2 2 Bacterial colony Figure 4.1 4 4.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f345503460f94c516a6/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
The tip of a needle
The red and yellow dots are
bacteria
![Page 27: 1 BACTERIA. 2 2 Bacterial colony Figure 4.1 4 4.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f345503460f94c516a6/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
Gram Stain• Gram-positive retain stain and appear purple
– Have thicker layer in cell wall.
– can produce exotoxins made of protein
• Gram-negative do not retain stain and take second pink stain instead.
– can produce endotoxins made of lipids and carbohydrates
– Watch it happen! http://youtu.be/aJpZzF3h3kc
![Page 28: 1 BACTERIA. 2 2 Bacterial colony Figure 4.1 4 4.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f345503460f94c516a6/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28No Nucleus-DNA in Cytoplasm
![Page 29: 1 BACTERIA. 2 2 Bacterial colony Figure 4.1 4 4.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f345503460f94c516a6/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
Nutrition and Growth• Heterotrophic or Autotrophic• Some are Photoautotrophs – Use sunlight for Energy• Some are Chemoautotrophs.• Many are Obligate Anaerobes.
– Oxygen = Death• Ex. Clostridium tetani – Tetanus
• Some are Faculatative Anaerobes– With or without Oxygen
• Ex. Escherichia Coli• Some are Obligate Aerobes
– Ex.) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• Temperature requirements– Some are Thermophilic, Some prefer acidic envmt.
![Page 30: 1 BACTERIA. 2 2 Bacterial colony Figure 4.1 4 4.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f345503460f94c516a6/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30
These heterotrophi
c bacteria digest oil -- remember
oil is partially decayed plant and
animal cells
![Page 31: 1 BACTERIA. 2 2 Bacterial colony Figure 4.1 4 4.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f345503460f94c516a6/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31
BACTERIA REPRODUCES binary FISSION
First the chromosomal DNA makes a copyThe DNA replicates
![Page 32: 1 BACTERIA. 2 2 Bacterial colony Figure 4.1 4 4.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f345503460f94c516a6/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32
NEXT THE CYTOPLASM AND CELL DIVIDES
The two resulting cells are exactly the same
![Page 33: 1 BACTERIA. 2 2 Bacterial colony Figure 4.1 4 4.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f345503460f94c516a6/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
33
In addition to the large chromosomal DNA, bacteria have many small loops of DNA called Plasmids
![Page 34: 1 BACTERIA. 2 2 Bacterial colony Figure 4.1 4 4.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f345503460f94c516a6/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
34
CONJUGATION
Exchange DNA through Exchange DNA through Conjugation tube/pilusConjugation tube/pilus
http://youtu.be/EtxkcSGU698
![Page 35: 1 BACTERIA. 2 2 Bacterial colony Figure 4.1 4 4.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f345503460f94c516a6/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
35
Transformation and Tranduction
• Transformation: Bacterial cell takes in DNA from external environment– http://youtu.be/eovTbQgan5M
• Transduction: Virus obtains DNA from Bacterial host
36
![Page 36: 1 BACTERIA. 2 2 Bacterial colony Figure 4.1 4 4.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f345503460f94c516a6/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
36
Examples
37
![Page 37: 1 BACTERIA. 2 2 Bacterial colony Figure 4.1 4 4.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f345503460f94c516a6/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
37
Helicobacter pylori
is the pathogenic bacteria that can causes ulcers
![Page 38: 1 BACTERIA. 2 2 Bacterial colony Figure 4.1 4 4.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f345503460f94c516a6/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
38
Leprosy is a bacterial
infection that decreases blood
flow to the extremities
resulting in the deterioration of toes, ears, the nose and the
fingers.
![Page 39: 1 BACTERIA. 2 2 Bacterial colony Figure 4.1 4 4.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f345503460f94c516a6/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
39
BOTULISM
![Page 40: 1 BACTERIA. 2 2 Bacterial colony Figure 4.1 4 4.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f345503460f94c516a6/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
CHOLERA
![Page 41: 1 BACTERIA. 2 2 Bacterial colony Figure 4.1 4 4.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f345503460f94c516a6/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
DENTAL CARIES
![Page 42: 1 BACTERIA. 2 2 Bacterial colony Figure 4.1 4 4.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f345503460f94c516a6/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
42
ROCKY MOUNTAIN Spotted Fever tickborne disease caused by the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsi
![Page 43: 1 BACTERIA. 2 2 Bacterial colony Figure 4.1 4 4.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f345503460f94c516a6/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
43
LYME DISEASE
![Page 44: 1 BACTERIA. 2 2 Bacterial colony Figure 4.1 4 4.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f345503460f94c516a6/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
44
SALMONELLA
![Page 45: 1 BACTERIA. 2 2 Bacterial colony Figure 4.1 4 4.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f345503460f94c516a6/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
45
STREP THROAT
![Page 46: 1 BACTERIA. 2 2 Bacterial colony Figure 4.1 4 4.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f345503460f94c516a6/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
46
TUBERCULOSIS