1 AUTOMOTIVE FASTENERS 2 Fasteners for every application.
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Transcript of 1 AUTOMOTIVE FASTENERS 2 Fasteners for every application.
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AUTOMOTIVE FASTENERS
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Fasteners for every application
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Types of Mechanical Fasteners Bolts or cap screws Nuts Washers Studs Cotter pins Roll pins Snap rings
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And still more . . .
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Bolts The most common
threaded fastener Many variations Uses either a metric or
standard thread pitch measured in threads per inch or millimeters
The bolt size is its diameter.
Hex size is the wrench size. Length is measured from
hex to threaded end. Bolt grade markings are on
the top of the hex.
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Bolt Grades ( hardness)
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Naming Bolts
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Clamping Force
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Bolt Size The size of
the bolt is the diameter of the shank of the bolt.
Metrics in millimeters.
Standards in fractions of an inch.
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Bolt Length
The bolt length is the distance from the hex head to the end of the thread.
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Thread Pitch
Two general types of bolts used.
Standard fractional inch sizes.
Metric millimeter sizes.
Look at the top of the hex head to tell the difference.
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Thread Classification UNC-United
National Course UNF-United-
National Fine NPT-National Pipe
Thread Metric
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Bolt Designations First item is bolt
size which is the same as the bolt diameter.
Second item is the thread pitch.
Third is bolt length.
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Measuring Thread Pitch The pitch gauge
has teeth much like the threads. Put the gauge that fits into the threads and read the number on the gauge.
Standards in threads per inch.
Metrics in threads per millimeters.
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Hex Head Sizes
This is the size wrench that will be needed to install or remove a bolt.
Pay attention to metric or standard.
Torque to proper amount.
Metric
Standard
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Studs Studs look similar to a bolt but have no hex head for a wrench.
One end screws into an engine part and the other holds a different part on with a nut.
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Nuts
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Washers Washers help the
bolt head with support.
Washer can be lock washers to keep the bolt from working loose.
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. . . and more washers
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Cotter Pins
Cotter pins are used to secure nuts to shafts so they don’t come loose.
Often used with a castle nut.
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Snap Rings Snap rings are used
to secure bearings, gears, and linkages.
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Torque Wrenches Torque wrench
measure how much you are tightening a bolt.
Bolts can only take so much torque or they break off! That’s a bad thing.
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How Much Torque?
The amount to torque a bolt depends on two important items.
1 – The diameter of the bolt. (the fatter the stronger)
2 – The grade of the bolt. (the better the grade the more torque it can take)
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Bolt Torque Charts These are found
in repair manuals, service manuals and on computer data systems.
Torque Sequence
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Thread Lock
Compounds such as Locktite literally glue the threads so they don’t vibrate loose.
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Anti-Seize Compounds
Inhibits the threads from rusting up and totally jamming together.
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Screws
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Keys
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Shafts with splines
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Thread Repair Tools
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Taps & Dies
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Thread Inserts (helicoils)