1 Arc Hydro. UC 2006 Tech Session2 Review of geodatabase issues Adding shapefiles and coverages into...

UC 2006 Tech SessionUC 2006 Tech Session11

Arc HydroArc Hydro


Review of Review of geodatabasegeodatabase issues issues

• Adding shapefiles and coverages into an ArcMap Adding shapefiles and coverages into an ArcMap session does not make a geodatabasesession does not make a geodatabase

• Loading shapefiles and coverages into a Loading shapefiles and coverages into a geodatabase does not make a (efficient) geodatabase does not make a (efficient) geodatabase.geodatabase.

• Ignoring geodatabase capabilities increases cost of Ignoring geodatabase capabilities increases cost of development and ownershipdevelopment and ownership

• When developing data, ignore spatial reference When developing data, ignore spatial reference issues at your own perilissues at your own peril

• SDE and versioning (including disconnected editing) SDE and versioning (including disconnected editing) do not replace the need for careful workflow do not replace the need for careful workflow developmentdevelopment


How “Things” Build UpHow “Things” Build Up

• Database developmentDatabase development• Data preparationData preparation• Terrain preparationTerrain preparation• ““Watershed” delineationWatershed” delineation• ““Watershed” characterizationWatershed” characterization

• ParameterizationParameterization

• Model pre and post-processingModel pre and post-processing

Generic

Semi-Generic

Model Specific


Arc HydroArc HydroTemplate Data ModelTemplate Data Model


Parcel …Arc Hydro

Template Data Models

HEC …FEMA

Project Data Models

Feature TopologyObject

ArcGIS Core Data Model

OGC

FGDC

ISO

GIS/IT Standards

Industry

Templates Templates Provide an Provide an Important Link Important Link Between Between Project Teams, Project Teams, Standards, and Standards, and ESRI Software ESRI Software DevelopmentDevelopment

Template Data ModelsTemplate Data Models


Arc HydroArc Hydro

• Extension of geodatabase model for support of water Extension of geodatabase model for support of water resources applications (template data model)resources applications (template data model)

• Culmination of a three year process led by D.R. Culmination of a three year process led by D.R. Maidment through GIS in Water Resources Maidment through GIS in Water Resources Consortium (Arc Hydro book)Consortium (Arc Hydro book)

• Collection of tools for support of Arc Hydro Collection of tools for support of Arc Hydro geodatabase design and basic water resources geodatabase design and basic water resources functionsfunctions

• Starting pointStarting point for water resources database and for water resources database and application developmentapplication development


Basic idea: Transition from …Basic idea: Transition from …

Streams

Drainage Areas

Hydrography

Channels

Terrain Surfaces

Rainfall Response

Digital Orthophotos

Data Model Based on Inventory


… … and …and …

Follow a drop of water from where it falls on the land, to the stream, and all the way to the ocean.

Data Model Based on Behavior


… … to Arc Hydro Data Modelto Arc Hydro Data Model

Relationships betweenobjects linked by tracing pathof water movement

Integrate Data Inventory using a Behavioral Model


Basic ConceptsBasic Concepts

• Define core feature classes for water resources analysesDefine core feature classes for water resources analyses• Establish relationships between core feature classesEstablish relationships between core feature classes• Use geometric network for tying pieces togetherUse geometric network for tying pieces together• Mobilization of standard ArcGIS functionalityMobilization of standard ArcGIS functionality• Custom tools for some of the attribute managementCustom tools for some of the attribute management• Custom tools for advanced “water resources” Custom tools for advanced “water resources”

functionalityfunctionality


Data Model PurposeData Model Purpose

• Target audience: Water resources (surface) Target audience: Water resources (surface) community interested in quick start in ArcGIS community interested in quick start in ArcGIS implementationimplementation

• Starting point for project model designStarting point for project model design• Not a “do all” designNot a “do all” design• Not implementation/application specific, but Not implementation/application specific, but

provides the key components to develop on top ofprovides the key components to develop on top of– The user needs to add additional data structures for their The user needs to add additional data structures for their

specific requirements – still work to be done!specific requirements – still work to be done!


Arc Hydro

Template Data Model ApproachesTemplate Data Model Approaches

Floodplain WQ

Permitting

Water Resources


Arc Hydro Database DefinitionArc Hydro Database Definition

• A geospatial and temporal data model for water resources A geospatial and temporal data model for water resources that operates within ArcGISthat operates within ArcGIS

• Five key conceptual areasFive key conceptual areas– Drainage - Drainage - Drainage areas and stream lines defined Drainage areas and stream lines defined

from surface topographyfrom surface topography– Flow network - Flow network - Connected sets of points and lines Connected sets of points and lines

showing pathways of water flowshowing pathways of water flow– Hydrography - Hydrography - The base data from topographic maps The base data from topographic maps

and tabular data inventoriesand tabular data inventories– Channel description - Channel description - A 3-D line representation of the A 3-D line representation of the

shape of river and stream channelsshape of river and stream channels– Time series - Time series - Tabular attribute data describing time-Tabular attribute data describing time-

varying water properties for any hydro featurevarying water properties for any hydro feature


Arc Hydro Data ModelArc Hydro Data Model


Arc Hydro Data Model DetailsArc Hydro Data Model Details

• Detailed representation at the end of corresponding Detailed representation at the end of corresponding chapters in the book (e.g. p 51)chapters in the book (e.g. p 51)


Arc Hydro Key FieldsArc Hydro Key Fields

• Few predefined fields/attributesFew predefined fields/attributes– Identification/relatesIdentification/relates

• HydroID, NextDownID, DrainID, JunctionID, FeatureID, …HydroID, NextDownID, DrainID, JunctionID, FeatureID, …

• HydroCode, ReachCode, CSCode, …HydroCode, ReachCode, CSCode, …

– MeasuresMeasures• LengthKm, AreaSqKmLengthKm, AreaSqKm

• LengthDown, DrainAreaLengthDown, DrainArea

– AuxiliaryAuxiliary• FType, Name, Flowdir, …FType, Name, Flowdir, …


HydroID StoryHydroID Story

• HydroID – a unique integer identifier for every HydroID – a unique integer identifier for every feature within a geodatabasefeature within a geodatabase

• An An internalinternal identifier whose value is used for identifier whose value is used for establishing the relationships within the Arc Hydro establishing the relationships within the Arc Hydro data model (HydroID, DrainID, NextDownID, data model (HydroID, DrainID, NextDownID, JunctionID, …)JunctionID, …)

• Focus on local (within a geodatabase) uniqueness, Focus on local (within a geodatabase) uniqueness, but can be made globalbut can be made global


HydroCode StoryHydroCode Story


RelationshipsRelationships

• Establish a formal (geodatabase) relationship Establish a formal (geodatabase) relationship between two feature (object) classes using between two feature (object) classes using predefined ID properties.predefined ID properties.– HydroID-based (e.g. NextDownID, JunctionID, DrainID)HydroID-based (e.g. NextDownID, JunctionID, DrainID)

• ““HydroJunctionHasWaterbody”HydroJunctionHasWaterbody”

• ““HydroJunctionHasWatershed”HydroJunctionHasWatershed”

• ““HydroJunctionHasMonitoringPoint”HydroJunctionHasMonitoringPoint”

• ““MonitoringPointHasTimeSeries”MonitoringPointHasTimeSeries”


RelationshipsRelationships (an example – “HydroJunctionHasWaterbody” - definition) (an example – “HydroJunctionHasWaterbody” - definition)


RelationshipsRelationships (an example – “HydroJunctionHasWaterbody” - design) (an example – “HydroJunctionHasWaterbody” - design)


RelationshipsRelationships (an example – “HydroJunctionHasWaterbody” - use) (an example – “HydroJunctionHasWaterbody” - use)


Connecting to Time SeriesConnecting to Time Series

HydroID

CrossSectionHydroPoint

DrainagePoint Junction

TimeSeries

Time

Flow

FeatureID

FeatureID of time seriesis HydroID of the feature the time series describes


Time Series Data StructureTime Series Data Structure


Time Series DilemmaTime Series Dilemma

• Simplicity in structureSimplicity in structure– Easy to import and export time series data from other sourcesEasy to import and export time series data from other sources– Easy to use standard ArcGIS tabular functionality and SQL Easy to use standard ArcGIS tabular functionality and SQL

statementsstatements– Needs “transposition” for efficient rendering of spatial dataNeeds “transposition” for efficient rendering of spatial data– Large table with potentially millions/billions of recordsLarge table with potentially millions/billions of records– Inefficient storage of specific types of temporal data (many to Inefficient storage of specific types of temporal data (many to

many case)many case)– ……

• Need more flexibility (but at a cost of complexity)Need more flexibility (but at a cost of complexity)


Hydro NetworkHydro Network

• Backbone of Arc Hydro - establishes connectivity Backbone of Arc Hydro - establishes connectivity between core feature classesbetween core feature classes

• Hydro edges (lines through which water flows) and Hydro edges (lines through which water flows) and junctions (confluences, other points of interest)junctions (confluences, other points of interest)

• Other feature classes connected to junctions through Other feature classes connected to junctions through relationships (e.g. HydroJunctionHasWatershed)relationships (e.g. HydroJunctionHasWatershed)

• Allows upstream/downstream tracing (and other out of Allows upstream/downstream tracing (and other out of box ArcGIS network functionality)box ArcGIS network functionality)


Hydro NetworkHydro Network


Extending Arc Hydro Data ModelExtending Arc Hydro Data Model

• Arc Hydro is by design a starting point for Arc Hydro is by design a starting point for complex database design complex database design

• Arc Hydro data model can be extended with Arc Hydro data model can be extended with additional feature classes and/or attributes (or additional feature classes and/or attributes (or some Arc Hydro feature classes can be some Arc Hydro feature classes can be ignored)ignored)

• Use additional GIS data sources (GRID & TIN)Use additional GIS data sources (GRID & TIN)• Use all existing IDs and tools to minimize Use all existing IDs and tools to minimize

duplication of effortduplication of effort


Extending Arc Hydro Data ModelExtending Arc Hydro Data Model

More application specific “stuff”


Arc Hydro Tools Key Arc Hydro Tools Key ConceptsConcepts


Arc Hydro Tools FacesArc Hydro Tools Faces


Key ConceptsKey Concepts

• Transitions between the raster and vector worlds – Transitions between the raster and vector worlds – integrated operationsintegrated operations

• ““Relationships between objects linked by tracing Relationships between objects linked by tracing path of water movement”path of water movement”

Raster NetworkVector

Logical SchemaExtended Network


• A set of tools that “exercises” the Arc Hydro modelA set of tools that “exercises” the Arc Hydro model– Integral with standard ArcGIS functionalityIntegral with standard ArcGIS functionality

• Key field (property) management.Key field (property) management.– HydroID & related IDsHydroID & related IDs– Length/Area measuresLength/Area measures

• Core functionsCore functions– DEM-based watershed delineationDEM-based watershed delineation– Network generationNetwork generation– Attribute and network tracing and summary operationsAttribute and network tracing and summary operations

Arc Hydro Tools Overview Arc Hydro Tools Overview (1)(1)



• Distribution (version 1.1)Distribution (version 1.1)– A toolbar with packaged menus and buttonsA toolbar with packaged menus and buttons– Supporting documentation/helpSupporting documentation/help– ArcGIS 8.3 and ArcGIS 9/9.1 versionsArcGIS 8.3 and ArcGIS 9/9.1 versions

• ApFrameworkApFramework– Simplify boring development tasksSimplify boring development tasks– Consistent development structureConsistent development structure– Starting point for additional functionality developmentStarting point for additional functionality development

• ApUtilitiesApUtilities– Set of utilities common to most ArcObject-based Set of utilities common to most ArcObject-based

applications developed at ESRI Professional Services in applications developed at ESRI Professional Services in water resources areawater resources area


• The Arc Hydro ToolbarThe Arc Hydro Toolbar– Terrain PreprocessingTerrain Preprocessing– Terrain MorphologyTerrain Morphology– Watershed ProcessingWatershed Processing– Attribute ToolsAttribute Tools– Network ToolsNetwork Tools– ApUtilitiesApUtilities– ButtonsButtons




• Terrain PreprocessingTerrain Preprocessing– Set of functions for processing of DEMsSet of functions for processing of DEMs– Preprocessing of DEM-based data needed Preprocessing of DEM-based data needed

for watershed delineation and watershed for watershed delineation and watershed characteristics extractionscharacteristics extractions



• Terrain MorphologyTerrain Morphology– Set of functions for:Set of functions for:

• Characterization of drainage areas (E-A-V)Characterization of drainage areas (E-A-V)

• Characterization of drainage boundaries (E-A-W)Characterization of drainage boundaries (E-A-W)

• Area connectivity (“spider web”)Area connectivity (“spider web”)



• Watershed Watershed ProcessingProcessing– Set of tools for Set of tools for

watershed watershed delineation and delineation and characteristics characteristics extractionextraction

– Every menu has a Data Every menu has a Data Management form for setting up Management form for setting up the layers to be used in operations the layers to be used in operations associated with that menu (not associated with that menu (not required as each tool will request required as each tool will request input and output data if input and output data if necessary).necessary).



• Attribute ToolsAttribute Tools– Set of tools for attribute Set of tools for attribute

management (some of the management (some of the tools require geometric tools require geometric network)network)



• Network ToolsNetwork Tools– Network specific toolsNetwork specific tools



• ApUtilitiesApUtilities– Various utilities common to multiple Various utilities common to multiple

applicationsapplications


• ButtonsButtons– Flowpath tracingFlowpath tracing– Point delineationPoint delineation– Batch point generationBatch point generation– Assign related identifierAssign related identifier– Global point delineationGlobal point delineation– Trace by NextDownIDTrace by NextDownID



HydroID – Cornerstone of Arc Hydro ToolsHydroID – Cornerstone of Arc Hydro Tools

• Together with relationships, key element in Together with relationships, key element in operation of tools !operation of tools !


Walk-throughWalk-through

• Local delineationLocal delineation• CharacterizationCharacterization• Trace on the network using standard network tracing Trace on the network using standard network tracing

techniquestechniques• Trace using NextDownIDTrace using NextDownID• AccumulateAccumulate• SchematizationSchematization


Many Aspects of Arc HydroMany Aspects of Arc Hydro

Saxe, John Godfrey, 1963, “The Blind Man and the elephant”, New York: Whittlesley House

Database design

Application

“Standard”

Tools

Marketing

Development environment

Elephant illustration ©2002 Jason Hunt www.naturalchild.org/jason


Where’s Arc Hydro?Where’s Arc Hydro?• Hydro model page at: Hydro model page at:

support.esri.com/datamodelssupport.esri.com/datamodels• Arc Hydro home page at GIS Water Resources Arc Hydro home page at GIS Water Resources

Consortium at: Consortium at: www.crwr.utexas.edu/giswr/hydrowww.crwr.utexas.edu/giswr/hydro• Dr.Maidment’s home page at: Dr.Maidment’s home page at:

www.ce.utexas.edu/prof/maidmentwww.ce.utexas.edu/prof/maidment

http://www.crwr.utexas.edu/giswr/hydro


FTP Download SiteFTP Download Site

• ftp:ftp: ftp.esri.comftp.esri.com• username:username: RiverHydraulicsRiverHydraulics• password:password: river.1114river.1114• directory:directory: ArcHydroArcHydro

• Case sensitiveCase sensitive• Make sure you log in (most browsers will log you Make sure you log in (most browsers will log you

in as anonymous and you will not be able to in as anonymous and you will not be able to download)download)

ftp://ftp.esri.com/

1 Arc Hydro. UC 2006 Tech Session2 Review of geodatabase issues Adding shapefiles and coverages into...

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