1 Announcements & Agenda (04/18/07) Extra Credit Assignment Due NOW! Exam Fri 04/20 (Ch 13,14,15)...
-
date post
20-Jan-2016 -
Category
Documents
-
view
214 -
download
0
Transcript of 1 Announcements & Agenda (04/18/07) Extra Credit Assignment Due NOW! Exam Fri 04/20 (Ch 13,14,15)...
![Page 1: 1 Announcements & Agenda (04/18/07) Extra Credit Assignment Due NOW! Exam Fri 04/20 (Ch 13,14,15) REVIEW @ 3pm and 5 pm Today!!! REVIEW @ 3pm and 5 pm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649d555503460f94a32af5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
11
AnnouncementsAnnouncements & Agenda& Agenda (04/18/07)(04/18/07)
Extra Credit Assignment Due NOW!Extra Credit Assignment Due NOW!Exam Fri 04/20 (Ch 13,14,15)Exam Fri 04/20 (Ch 13,14,15) REVIEW @ 3pm and 5 pm Today!!!REVIEW @ 3pm and 5 pm Today!!! exam exam will notwill not include pp. 520-524 include pp. 520-524 START at 10:30 amSTART at 10:30 am
TodayToday Cholesterol (15.6)Cholesterol (15.6) More steroids (15.6)…More steroids (15.6)… Cell membranes (15.7)Cell membranes (15.7)
![Page 2: 1 Announcements & Agenda (04/18/07) Extra Credit Assignment Due NOW! Exam Fri 04/20 (Ch 13,14,15) REVIEW @ 3pm and 5 pm Today!!! REVIEW @ 3pm and 5 pm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649d555503460f94a32af5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
22
OHCH2
OH
OHCH2
CHO
(CH2)14CH3CHO
O
(CH2)14CH3CHO
O
(CH2)14CH3CHO
Last Time: Formation of Fats & Oils Last Time: Formation of Fats & Oils (Triacylglycerols)(Triacylglycerols)
glycerol + three fatty acids triacylglycerolglycerol + three fatty acids triacylglycerol
+ 3H+ 3H22OO
O
O
C (CH2)14CH3
CH O
O
C (CH2)14CH3
CH2 O
O
C (CH2)14CH3
CH2
+
![Page 3: 1 Announcements & Agenda (04/18/07) Extra Credit Assignment Due NOW! Exam Fri 04/20 (Ch 13,14,15) REVIEW @ 3pm and 5 pm Today!!! REVIEW @ 3pm and 5 pm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649d555503460f94a32af5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
33
The chemical reactions of triacylglycerols are The chemical reactions of triacylglycerols are similar to those of alkenes and esters. similar to those of alkenes and esters.
• HydrogenationHydrogenation of double bonds in unsaturated of double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids by Hfatty acids by H22 (compare to alkenes) (compare to alkenes)..
• HydrolysisHydrolysis of ester bonds by water in the of ester bonds by water in the presence of an acid, a base, or an enzyme presence of an acid, a base, or an enzyme (compare to esters).(compare to esters).
Last Time: 15.4 Chemical Properties of Last Time: 15.4 Chemical Properties of TriacylglycerolsTriacylglycerols
![Page 4: 1 Announcements & Agenda (04/18/07) Extra Credit Assignment Due NOW! Exam Fri 04/20 (Ch 13,14,15) REVIEW @ 3pm and 5 pm Today!!! REVIEW @ 3pm and 5 pm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649d555503460f94a32af5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
44
• the most abundant lipids in cell membranes. the most abundant lipids in cell membranes. • composed of glycerol, two fatty acids, composed of glycerol, two fatty acids,
phosphate, and an amino alcohol.phosphate, and an amino alcohol.
Glycerol
PO4Amino alcohol
Last Time: 15.5 GlycerophospholipidsLast Time: 15.5 Glycerophospholipids
Fatty acid
Fatty acid
![Page 5: 1 Announcements & Agenda (04/18/07) Extra Credit Assignment Due NOW! Exam Fri 04/20 (Ch 13,14,15) REVIEW @ 3pm and 5 pm Today!!! REVIEW @ 3pm and 5 pm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649d555503460f94a32af5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
55
Last Time: Steroid NucleusLast Time: Steroid Nucleus
Consists of:Consists of:
• 3 cyclohexane rings.3 cyclohexane rings.
• 1 cyclopentane ring.1 cyclopentane ring.
• no fatty acids.no fatty acids.
steroid nucleussteroid nucleus
![Page 6: 1 Announcements & Agenda (04/18/07) Extra Credit Assignment Due NOW! Exam Fri 04/20 (Ch 13,14,15) REVIEW @ 3pm and 5 pm Today!!! REVIEW @ 3pm and 5 pm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649d555503460f94a32af5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
66
CholesterolCholesterol
• is the most abundant steroid in the body. is the most abundant steroid in the body.
• has methyl CHhas methyl CH33- groups, alkyl chain, and -- groups, alkyl chain, and -
OH attached to the steroid nucleus.OH attached to the steroid nucleus.
CH3
CH3CH3
CH3
HO
CH3
![Page 7: 1 Announcements & Agenda (04/18/07) Extra Credit Assignment Due NOW! Exam Fri 04/20 (Ch 13,14,15) REVIEW @ 3pm and 5 pm Today!!! REVIEW @ 3pm and 5 pm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649d555503460f94a32af5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
77
Cholesterol in the BodyCholesterol in the Body
• is obtained from meats, is obtained from meats, milk, and eggs. milk, and eggs.
• is synthesized in the liver.is synthesized in the liver.• is needed for cell is needed for cell
membranes, brain and membranes, brain and nerve tissue, steroid nerve tissue, steroid hormones, and Vitamin D.hormones, and Vitamin D.
• clogs arteries when high clogs arteries when high levels form plaque.levels form plaque.
An artery clogged by cholesterol plaque
A normal, open artery.
![Page 8: 1 Announcements & Agenda (04/18/07) Extra Credit Assignment Due NOW! Exam Fri 04/20 (Ch 13,14,15) REVIEW @ 3pm and 5 pm Today!!! REVIEW @ 3pm and 5 pm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649d555503460f94a32af5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
88
Cholesterol in FoodsCholesterol in Foods
• is considered is considered elevated if elevated if plasma plasma cholesterol cholesterol exceeds 200 exceeds 200 mg/dL.mg/dL.
• is synthesized is synthesized in the liver and in the liver and obtained from obtained from foods.foods.
![Page 9: 1 Announcements & Agenda (04/18/07) Extra Credit Assignment Due NOW! Exam Fri 04/20 (Ch 13,14,15) REVIEW @ 3pm and 5 pm Today!!! REVIEW @ 3pm and 5 pm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649d555503460f94a32af5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
99
Lipoproteins: LDL, HDL, Etc…Lipoproteins: LDL, HDL, Etc…
• combine lipids combine lipids with proteins & with proteins & phospholipids.phospholipids.
• are soluble in are soluble in water because water because the surface the surface consists of polar consists of polar lipids.lipids.
![Page 10: 1 Announcements & Agenda (04/18/07) Extra Credit Assignment Due NOW! Exam Fri 04/20 (Ch 13,14,15) REVIEW @ 3pm and 5 pm Today!!! REVIEW @ 3pm and 5 pm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649d555503460f94a32af5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
1010
Types of LipoproteinsTypes of Lipoproteins
• differ in density, composition, and function.differ in density, composition, and function.• include low-density lipoprotein (LDLs) and include low-density lipoprotein (LDLs) and
high-density lipoprotein (HDLs).high-density lipoprotein (HDLs).
![Page 11: 1 Announcements & Agenda (04/18/07) Extra Credit Assignment Due NOW! Exam Fri 04/20 (Ch 13,14,15) REVIEW @ 3pm and 5 pm Today!!! REVIEW @ 3pm and 5 pm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649d555503460f94a32af5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
1111
Transport of Lipoproteins in the BodyTransport of Lipoproteins in the Body
![Page 12: 1 Announcements & Agenda (04/18/07) Extra Credit Assignment Due NOW! Exam Fri 04/20 (Ch 13,14,15) REVIEW @ 3pm and 5 pm Today!!! REVIEW @ 3pm and 5 pm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649d555503460f94a32af5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
1212
Steroid HormonesSteroid Hormones
• chemical messengers in cells.chemical messengers in cells.• sex hormones. sex hormones.
Androgens in males (testosterone) Androgens in males (testosterone)
Estrogens in females (estradiol)Estrogens in females (estradiol)• Adrenocortical hormones from adrenal glands.Adrenocortical hormones from adrenal glands.
-mineralocorticoids (electrolyte balance)-mineralocorticoids (electrolyte balance)
-glucocorticoids regulate glucose level-glucocorticoids regulate glucose level
![Page 13: 1 Announcements & Agenda (04/18/07) Extra Credit Assignment Due NOW! Exam Fri 04/20 (Ch 13,14,15) REVIEW @ 3pm and 5 pm Today!!! REVIEW @ 3pm and 5 pm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649d555503460f94a32af5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
1313
Steroid HormonesSteroid Hormones
• are produced from are produced from cholesterol. cholesterol.
• include sex include sex hormones such as hormones such as androgens androgens (testosterone) in (testosterone) in males and males and estrogens estrogens (estradiol) in (estradiol) in females.females.
![Page 14: 1 Announcements & Agenda (04/18/07) Extra Credit Assignment Due NOW! Exam Fri 04/20 (Ch 13,14,15) REVIEW @ 3pm and 5 pm Today!!! REVIEW @ 3pm and 5 pm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649d555503460f94a32af5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
1414
Adrenal CorticosteroidsAdrenal Corticosteroids
![Page 15: 1 Announcements & Agenda (04/18/07) Extra Credit Assignment Due NOW! Exam Fri 04/20 (Ch 13,14,15) REVIEW @ 3pm and 5 pm Today!!! REVIEW @ 3pm and 5 pm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649d555503460f94a32af5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
1515
Anabolic SteroidsAnabolic Steroids
• are derivatives of testosterone.are derivatives of testosterone.• are used illegally to increase muscle mass.are used illegally to increase muscle mass.• have side effects including fluid retention, hair have side effects including fluid retention, hair
growth, sleep disturbance, and liver damage.growth, sleep disturbance, and liver damage.
![Page 16: 1 Announcements & Agenda (04/18/07) Extra Credit Assignment Due NOW! Exam Fri 04/20 (Ch 13,14,15) REVIEW @ 3pm and 5 pm Today!!! REVIEW @ 3pm and 5 pm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649d555503460f94a32af5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
1616
Cell MembranesCell Membranes
• separate cellular contents from the separate cellular contents from the external environment.external environment.
• consist of a lipid bilayer made of two consist of a lipid bilayer made of two rows of phospholipids.rows of phospholipids.
• have an inner portion made of the have an inner portion made of the nonpolar tails of phospholipids with the nonpolar tails of phospholipids with the polar heads at the outer and inner polar heads at the outer and inner surfaces.surfaces.
![Page 17: 1 Announcements & Agenda (04/18/07) Extra Credit Assignment Due NOW! Exam Fri 04/20 (Ch 13,14,15) REVIEW @ 3pm and 5 pm Today!!! REVIEW @ 3pm and 5 pm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649d555503460f94a32af5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
1717
Fluid Mosaic Model of Cell Fluid Mosaic Model of Cell MembranesMembranes
The The lipid bilayerlipid bilayer
• contains proteins, carbohydrates, and contains proteins, carbohydrates, and cholesterol.cholesterol.
• has unsaturated fatty acids that make cell has unsaturated fatty acids that make cell membranes fluid-like rather than rigid.membranes fluid-like rather than rigid.
• has proteins and carbohydrates on the has proteins and carbohydrates on the surface that communicate with hormones surface that communicate with hormones and neurotransmitters.and neurotransmitters.
![Page 18: 1 Announcements & Agenda (04/18/07) Extra Credit Assignment Due NOW! Exam Fri 04/20 (Ch 13,14,15) REVIEW @ 3pm and 5 pm Today!!! REVIEW @ 3pm and 5 pm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649d555503460f94a32af5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
1818
Fluid Mosaic Model of Cell Fluid Mosaic Model of Cell MembranesMembranes
![Page 19: 1 Announcements & Agenda (04/18/07) Extra Credit Assignment Due NOW! Exam Fri 04/20 (Ch 13,14,15) REVIEW @ 3pm and 5 pm Today!!! REVIEW @ 3pm and 5 pm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649d555503460f94a32af5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
1919
Transport Through Cell MembranesTransport Through Cell Membranes
The transport of substances through cell membranesThe transport of substances through cell membranesinvolvesinvolves• diffusion (passive transport),diffusion (passive transport), which moves which moves
particles from a higher to a lower concentration.particles from a higher to a lower concentration.
• facilitated transportfacilitated transport,, which uses protein channels which uses protein channels to increase the rate of diffusion.to increase the rate of diffusion.
• active transportactive transport,, which moves ions against a which moves ions against a concentration gradient.concentration gradient.
![Page 20: 1 Announcements & Agenda (04/18/07) Extra Credit Assignment Due NOW! Exam Fri 04/20 (Ch 13,14,15) REVIEW @ 3pm and 5 pm Today!!! REVIEW @ 3pm and 5 pm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649d555503460f94a32af5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
2020
Transport Pathways Through Cell Transport Pathways Through Cell MembranesMembranes