1. An Introduction to Health and Wellness 2011.pptx

7/29/2019 1. An Introduction to Health and Wellness 2011.pptx

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Aileen Standard-Goldson

Dept. of Community Health & Psychiatry


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WHAT IS HEALTH?

WHAT IS WELLNESS?


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OBJECTIVESAt the end of the lecture the students should be able

to:

Define the terms health and wellness

Discuss the concept of the biopsychosocial model

Discuss the concept of optimal health

Discuss the concept of health determinants and the

multifactorial nature of health and wellness


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OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION Definition of Health

The Biopsychosocial model

Concept of Optimal Health Definition of Wellness

Elements of Wellness

Health Determinants

Set the platform for Health Promotion


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HEALTHWHO definition of Health

Health is a state of complete physical, mental and socialwell-being and not merely the absence of disease orinfirmity.

Preamble to the Constitution of the World Health Organization as

adopted by the International Health Conference, New York, 19-22 June,1946; signed on 22 July 1946 by the representatives of 61 States (OfficialRecords of the World Health Organization, no. 2, p. 100) and enteredinto force on 7 April 1948.


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HEALTH The biopsychosocial model is a general model or

approach that posits that biological, psychological(which entails thoughts, emotions, and behaviours),and social factors, all play a significant role in humanfunctioning in the context of disease or illness

The model was theorized by psychiatrist George L. Engel at the Universityof Rochester in 1977


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HEALTH Physical Health

Mental Health

Social Health

Spiritual Health

Goodstadl, Simpson and Loranger 1987


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Dimensions of a personSource Crossroads, 1999

September 2005Copyright: Faculty of Medical Sciences, UWI,Mona

Emotional

Physical

SpiritualSocial

Mental (Cognitive)


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PHYSICAL HEALTH

The absence of disease and disability; functioning

adequately from the perspective of physical andphysiological abilities; the biological integrity of the

individual



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MENTAL HEALTH

Also called psychological health, may include

emotional health; may make explicit reference tointellectual capabilities; the subjective sense of well-being



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SOCIAL HEALTH

The ability to interact effectively with other people and

the social environment; satisfying interpersonalrelationships; role fulfillment



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SPIRITUAL HEALTH

Also called personal health; associated with the

concept of self-actualization; sometimes reflects aconcern for issues related to ones value system;alternatively ,may be concerned with a belief in atranscending, unifying force.



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OPTIMAL HEALTH Health is a state of complete physical, mental and

social well-being

Is anyone fully healthy?


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OPTIMAL HEALTH An individuals personal best health status.

Optimal health can be defined as "being your best withwhat you've been given."

According to Michael O'Donnell there are five key areas tokeep in balance in order to achieve optimal health:physical, emotional, social, intellectual and spiritual.


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Wellness: The New Health GoalWellness

The quality or state of being in good health

The process of learning about and engaging inbehaviours that are likely to result in optimal health



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Wellness: The New Health GoalWellness = optimal health and vitality

Dimensions of wellness Physical wellness

Emotional wellness

Intellectual wellness

Spiritual wellness

Interpersonal and social wellness

Environmental, or planetary, wellness



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THE CONCEPT OF HEALTH ON A

CONTINUUMHealth on a continuumis [a persons]degree of wellness at any point intime, ranging from:

an optimal wellness condition, withavailable energy at its maximum

to:death, which represents total energydepletion (Neuman, 1990).



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Wellness Continuum


Figure 1.1


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A dimension of health beyond the absence of

disease or infirmity, including social, emotional and

spiritual aspects of health.

Ministry of Health of New Zealandwww.moh.govt.nz/moh.nsf/0/15f5c5045e7a1dd4cc256b6b0002b038


WELLNESS


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Wellness is an active process of becoming awareof and making choices toward a more successfulexistence.

The National Wellness Association of Singaporewww.nus.edu.sg/uhwc/wellness/wellness_definition.htm


WELLNESS


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DENTAL WELLNESS The whole body can be affected by the well being of

the mouth and vice versa

The mouth is the portal to the body and responsiblefor many important functions

Smiling

Communicating Eating and drinking


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DENTAL WELLNESSAny problem in the mouth such as missing teeth,

dental caries , gum disease can affect the overall wellbeing of the person, affect functioning and evenpredispose to some diseases.


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HEALTH DETERMINANTSAny factor in an individual or the environment that

helps determine the state of health of a person.

Multifactorial nature of both health and illness


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HEALTH DETERMINANTS Host Factors

Environmental Factors (including disease agents)

Lifestyle Factors

Health Services Factors


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HEALTH DETERMINANTS Non-modifiable Factors

Genetic makeup

Gender

Age Ethnicity

Modifiable Factors Diet

Exercise habits

Alcohol Consumption

Smoking


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HOST FACTORS Physical and mental attributes developed within the

human body as a consequence of the basic biology ofhumans and the organic make up of an individual

Lalonde 1974


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HOST FACTORS Genetic and Prenatal factors

Age

Gender Ethnic origin

Immunological state

Physiological state

Mental state

Concept of, and attitudes towards health


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ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

Factors external to the human body includingphysical, biological and chemical factors, as well associal factors such as political, economic and culturalinfluences.


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ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS Physical

Water and sanitation concerns

Geographic, climatic conditions

Radiation

Ergonomics

Biological

Microbial agents parasites, bacteria, viruses Toxins

Insect and animal vectors


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ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS Chemical

Pollutants air, water

Social Family size and composition

Occupation

Educational level

Cultural/religious beliefs and myths

Political climate

Economics-macro and micro

Crime and violence


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Our Changing Environment


Demographic changes; aging population

Urbanisation

Educational attainment Female > Male

Political

Technological

Financial

Fragile environment, degradation continuing


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LIFESTYLE FACTORS Choices made at an individual level which have an

impact on health


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LIFE CHOICES / LIFE STYLES: 8 key areas


Habitual diet and physical activity

Tobacco, alcohol and illicit drug use

Sexual behaviour

Conflict resolution

Road use behaviour

Environmental hygiene

Health care seeking behaviour

Spirituality

Adapted from a presentation by Dr James Hospedales


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HEALTH SERVICE FACTORS Level of health services, social services and related

agencies available, accessible and acceptable to thepopulation.


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All these factors interact to determine how well orhealthy an individual is at a given time.

As Healthcare Providers one of our roles is toencourage choices that will promote the maintenanceof Health ,the prevention of illness and the best

possible outcome when illness does occur.


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Health Promotionis the process of enabling people to

increase control over, and to improve

their health.Ottawa Charter,WHO, 1986

September 2005 Copyright: Faculty of Medical Sciences, UWI,Mona


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Principles of Health Promotion Make sound and practical health policies

Organize /reorganize health services

Empower people (individuals, groups) to achieve

well-being

Help people to develop personal health skills

Create supportive environments

Build alliances across all sectors, especially withthe media

September 2005 Copyright: Faculty of Medical Sciences, UWI,Mona


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IT IS OUR ROLE AS HEALTHCARE PROVIDERSTO HELP PERSONS TO ACHIEVE AND MAINTAINOPTIMAL HEALTH AND WELLNESS.


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1. An Introduction to Health and Wellness 2011.pptx

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