1 AN EXAMPLE ppf^oL,.
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AN EXAMPLE FOR AMERICAN YOUTHS Career of the King of American Merchants Is An In- spiration. MARSHALL FIELD THE MAN Began Life as a Poor Boy, and by Strict Honesty and Industry Amassed Largest Fortune of Any American. !': ’ Ci.ii.-aso E s Journal. Long alter u »st features of the per- sonality . the late Marshall Field have been tor -at-n, Chi*.agouns will re- member, with admiration and grati- tude, his >;u iity of t :up ranee. This quality has not been sufficiently remarked, t'nlike some other rich men. here and *'!s where, he recognized the obligation his prominence laid upon him of setting a good example to young men growing up around him. He had money * • h to gratify every pos- sible whin;, however costly. But he lived inouer’y, without ostenstatlon, without making himself ridiculous in attempts to find new sensations beyond the exp* rienc-e of r . less rich, He di-I tot appe r to think that wec.ith relieved hi aof the necessity of being a gentleman. You never heard of him r atf-ring >id from the Bitted tower, or trying to break the bank at Monte C irlo. He did not ow|j a “string of race horses ” He did not appear in race- course betting rings, an enormous cigar In his mouth, his face mh-le crimson by costly wines, his pockets stuffed by thou- md dollar bills, his person flanked by jockeys, touts, faro bankers, and prize fighters. He did not sit up nights In hotel r* s playing poker. The newspapers never reported him ns “tipping a restaurant waiter $30.” He did not spend his summers at Sara- toga. hobnobbing with notorious gam- blers. When he traveled it was not in a special train, with a band of re- tinue or servants, and an army of sycophantic guests. Son *>*. . re h rr.cn of our day are guilty of thtse vulgarities, but Marshall Field had the instincts of a gentleman and a good "citizen. If he had acted as other rich men act he would certainly have done gr at injury to all young men in this Community, for, demoral- ized by his example, they would have followed it, reasoning that if that rich, successful man could indulge In such bad pr- i they could safely do so: that what h. 1 not harmed him would not h -r a t .... :n. Instead <• fi that, Mr. Field's example and intluer.ee were always on the side of temperance, g >od taste, gentleman- llness. His life was simple, normal, clean. And, being what he was in the world of business. In the civic life of Chicago, he made his mode of existence the fashion. So long as he was our first citizen .it was not possible for rich men with vulgar tastes to h. comfort- able here. They w re chilled by the disapproval of Mr. Field. Sooner or later, they abandoned their vulgarity or removed ti.-o where. The moral at- mosphere ht re was too clean for them. This was due. to a great degree, to Mars I Field, end for it he should be hell in grateful remembrance by all who wish to see the purity of our social sentiment preserved. Began as Farmer’s Boy. Marshall Field began life as a farmer's boy in Massachusetts. trying a clerkship in a country -tore. Then, going to Chicago and growing up with the town, he|f v na!.y became h ad of a mercantile esfbh!i-h- --ment which d d a business of more than JSO,t*O(U»O a year Honesty and industry have always i een associated with has name, and he was not a stranger to philanthropy and arts. In addition to his .'rygoods business he had extensive banking Interests, owned more than «'* worth of real estate, was chief stockholder in the Pullman company, held enormous quantities of railroad Mocks and bonds, and was a director n the steel trust. In spite cf this colossal wealth he was a modest and retir ng man. little known to society, though his handsome locks and cultivated mind were calculated to grace It. It is Interesting to recall that through- out hie ior-.g career the public never raid any but kind things of Marshall Field. Oid a Cash Business. It was a matter of pride with him that the basis of his success had been cash. He never gave a note, never bought a share of stock on margin, never borrowed money nor allow ed his property to be en- cumbered with mortgages; he bought for cash, sold on short tim*-. and held his cus- tomers to a srnct enforcement of their contracts. Mr. Field was horn In western Massa- chusetts. in the little town of Conway, in 1335. Five years ago he gave the town a 000,000 public library' In commemoration of the event. He received a common school and academy education, and at the age of 17 went to Pittsfield, Mass., to be- come a dry goods clerk. Having served there four years he started out for a place offering opportunities, and Chicago was his first and last stoo. There was no guarantee at that time that Chicago would become the western Metropolis—ln fact, the chances seemed rather in favor of St. Louis—but Mr. Field became a Chicagoan heart and soul, and the atory of his life is a wonderfully close Index of the city's history and growth. Clerk in Dry Goods Store. Mr. Field obtained employment as a clerk Jn the wholesale drygoods house of Cooley. Farweli A Co. his equipment at the outset tn h»s new field of labyr was ! health, bru ts, sound principles and ambi- ! tioa. Genuine worth did not have to wait ; for dead men's shoes to secure recognition in the broader field in wafeh the young man found himself. His go>i qualities • were promptly discovered by his employ- 1 era and availed of to mutual advantage. Mr. Field remained In the capacity of ; clerk only four years. In IMM he was made ' a parti:- r In I*t> there was a partial re- j organization, the new firm constating of Mr. Field, L. Z. loiter and Potter Palmer, j tinder the firm name of Field, Palmer at . Leiter. Two years later Mr. I aimer with- drew, ar.d until ISM the style o'/ the firm was Field. L*i;er Ac Co. Mr. Letter retired | In the latter year and since that time the , firm has been Mars ia.i Field A Co. Quick Recovery from Fire. , The only break in the unexampled growth of the great mercantile house was i that made by the fire of I»7L In that ; great calamity Mr. Field suffered proper- j rionatety with the city Itself. His firm * then did business at State and Washing- ton streets, the present site cf the new re- ; tad store of Marshall Field A Co. Every- j thing was swept away by the flames, in- , voirfng a loss of *La*».tW*>. The firm event- \ wily recovered J'~ insurance. The disaster was met with characteristic enexjry and pluck. While the twins still smoked new quarters were opened by the i firm tn the steet car bsnu at State and 1 Twentieth streets, and rebuilding was at j once begun on the oid site. The firm also > began the erection of a separate wholesale ! house at Madison and Market streets. > Their new buildings were among the first , of the permanent stroctires completed 1 after the fire. Within a dozen years the new wholesale quarter* proved Inadequate to the tremen- dous growth of buftnos, and the erection cf the prtM-nt great structure was com- pleted tn IXB7. It occupies an entire Mock, bousdrd by Adams, Franklin and Quincy streets and Fifth avenue, tn the heart of fin business section Hk firm manufactured a largo percent- Ofii* rf the goods *t aotd. and dm rattle of Its loons was heard in the manufacturing centers of both hemispheres. It had fac- tories In England. Ireland and Scotland. In France. Italy. Spain. Germany, Austria j and Riirsia, in China. Japan. India and Australia. The great department store* of the cast controlled the trade on the I Atlantic coast. Marshall Field A- Co. had \ the great expanse west and south of Chl- -1 eago os far as the Pacific. Could Take a Joke. Mr. Field had an Instinctive capacity for estimating the ability of his assistants. He also had a human side in his relations with them. The story is told <*f a small boy in his employ who once dared to ask Mr. Field for a raise in salary. “You’re no bigger than a pint of cider." said the mer- chant gruffly. Then, as the boy kept I silent, Mr. Field said: “How much are you getting now?” “Thr* c dollars a week!” exclaimed the boy faintly. ‘‘Three hollars a week!” exclaimed Field. "Why, when 1 was your age 1 only got (2 “ “Well.” spoke up the lad In desperation, “perhaps you weren’t worth any more.” The it ply amused the merchant million- aire and the boy got his advance. Worth $151,000,000. Entirely outside his enormous drygoods, business Marshall Field was estimated to be worth $l5O. ox*.*,ooo. He was assessed at, sso.oeo,wnl on real estate alone in Chicago and New York, and paid taxes on a 114.000,- 000 personalty asae.-sn tut w ithout suggest- ing that the figures were too high. .Mr Fit-id's s venty years had turned his hair and mustache to a silvery vvnite. He ! was a singularly distinguished looking | man and a man whou- dignified presence Inspired respect in other persons. His first wife was Miss Nannie Scott of Iron-, i ton. Ohio. After her death at Nice, | France, iri IMO, Mr. Field was repeatedly reported to be enegaged to the widow of iCI ¦ era| i'hii Sheridan. This Mr. Field ! dented and vn September 5 of last year ho ' matri'-d Mfs. Arthur Cal on, a wealthy , Englishwoman. Marshall Field, Jr., died in Mercy hos- pit ... Chicago, on Novcinb r l'7, IjC>. front : a self-inflicted pistol wound, which his i family dt" la red to have u» -‘n accident ¦»*, j ai-4 left three childr?n, Marshall Field I HI., aged 16: Henry, 9: arid Gwecdolfn, 4. The cldor Field has cne other child, Mrs. j Ethel Beatty. who was divorced from a i wealth v Engll-hineri i rimed Arthur Tree, and later married a British array captain. A prominent Chicago.*n on«e said that Chicago would never know what Marshall Field had been to it until after he was j dead. In all his giving he was unostenta- tious. and it Is more than likely that his great* :-t benefactions have never been told He made many gifts of land to Chi- cago university, including “Marshall Field.” the university athletic ground*. He offered Chicago $10,400,040 with which ie for the P’iold Columbian Museum of Art. Ho was a member of the Presbyterian church and a democrat in politics, having been a favorite candidate (against his will) for the vice presidential nomination at St. Louis In IjA. Mcurn : ng for Divorces. From the N*-w York American. Divorces are becoming .so frequen that it v. ill soon be necessary to draw- up an entirely new code of the rules of etiquette in connection therewith. Thus just at present people are dis- cussing the xtent to which the death of a divorced husband should he no- ticed by his former wife. There seems to be a pretty general consensus o{| opinion that the touch of purple which' Mrs. Travers has imparted cither to | her hats or to her gowns, or to both, j since the beginning of the season, con- stitutes ail that is necessary in the way of a tribute to the man whose j name continues to b- ir, and who | met with such a tragic end last fall. Purple is one of the mounting colors. It constitutes the expression of a grief J less intense than that implied by black. ! Widow's weeds- would be obviously out ! of place on the part of a divorcee, in I the event of the demise of her former j husband. But society has come to the j conclusion that if the dame still con- j tinu s to bear the name of her former | husband after the dissolution of the j union, some token of respect becomes i necessary In the event of his death. Thus, though everybody, sympathized 1 with 1 Mr.-. Pi- rre L rillard in j connection with the treatment to which she w .s subjected by her husband, and ¦ which was sufficient to excite her bit- terest indignation, yet it is said the i fashionable set of New York has never i to this day quite forgiven her for her ! refusal to take any notice whatsoever j of his demise.and for her action in giv- j ir.g within a fortnight afterward a ! grand ball at Sherry’s, for the debut t of her fascinating niece. Miss Emily Stuart Taylor, who, as Mrs. Ernest j Wiltsee is now developing into one of the most brilliant and popular matrons of New York society. In Paris they have these matters much more creditably arrar g :d. and j have even got to the point of sending : out divorce cards in the same way as wedding cards Over there but few dl- I vorcez are recorded in the press and ' the consequence is that it is impossible j j to keep track of the marriages which j have come to grief, unless cards are ! received from those of one's wedded 1 friends ar.d acquaintances who have ! agreed to part company. Modern Shoe Dressings. From the NVw York Sum “Time was. ’ said a manufacturer of sbo , dressings “when everybody wore black shoes, and the commonly worn was calfskin. In those days shoe blacking I wa.w to most people Just shoe blacking, a j paste blading put up In a round flat tin box “We did import from France a paste \ blacking th it came in oblong square wood- ! en boxes, and from England a liquid polish j I that came in wide-mouthed stone bottles: ! but the great majority of people when they . wanted shoe blacking Just bought a box • i of the blacking of the size they wanted, j and that was all there was to it; though even in those days there was an art in the j manufacture of shoe blacking, and soma manufacturers turned out a product that f came to be well and widely known. "8:111 shoe blacking was then to most people just shoe blacking: while today j ; there are plenty of people who never saw , one of those once universally fa mi lias ! ! old time flat round tin boxes, and shoe , dressings are now made In great variety j [ and put up tn many forms, and the mar.u- ! ! facture of shoe dressings has progressed ! ! from an art to a science. In which the i chemist plays his daily part. "These great changes In the business have been brought about mainly by the' modem introduction into general use. fo* shoes, of many different kinds of leather, j and of leathers of different color* and ! shades of color, and by the widespread use j of canvas shoes, these including great! numbers of white shoes, calling for whits dressings. "So, while once the manufacturer o! shoe blacking simply continued to mako shoe blacking, -s.ith such Improvement* In its composition rm experience suggested, now the manufacturer of shoe dressing* | Leep* track Sf the leather market** of # || the new leathers and other materials put out for use In shoes, and he must know to what extent these are likely to prove popt:. lar. and hr prepared wl-.h dr-usings suit- able for them -yheo the shoes come erv the market. ;-f.- '?£ "The. chemLt comes In here In the com- pounding of a dressing that shall not only be suitable but advantageously adapted to the leather upon which rt Is to be used. “And so we now hare dressings hi the form of powders and of cakes*, and w« have cleaners and dyes, as well as many liquid and paste dressings. And while formerly the sale of the biaekfngs pro- duced here was practically confined to this coonary. American shoe dresslag* now follow American shoes all over th# world.** n^Titeita 1 Chfimt Mm tkadnmk umiiry. - ppf^oL,. <iRtHTb-RnTil.iRKjttO RI^ERyZP. “But none of you have m -ntloned tvhat I admire mere than anything else In Jean Miroi,” said Chatray, after all of us had sung the prat -:es of the sculp- tor; "his hrart of the pur* st gold. All that you have told about his heroic struggle- with hardships and poverty to make name for himself proves hi* extraordinary energy and grit. But I know from the time when his strug- gles were over an incident which prov*-: that fame and praise have not spoiled his great, loving heart.” I had written several articles which had interested him greatly, and as w< ii\ed in the same part ¦• r ‘ i ;i- h<¦ ¦ d dropped in evenings for a quiet chat. Often I then went with him to his stu- dio, and here we then talked about his art tfil long after midnight. This studio was in the rear of hif- a part men ts, where he lived with his old mother, who was blind, and who “Why, Paul, it - imp it lives, it breathes, it has * soul! You must come with me and see it. We goon readied his house and be- gan to climb the .‘-talrs to his apart- ments, which were on the fifth floor. Sudd- J.ly lie topp< d and listened, with u look of anxiety on his face. “I can hear mother. What <an she be doing here co late? I have asked h*-r never to go Into th ’ di*\ and 1 can hear she is there ” He opened the door to the studio, it was dark, and we h< nd a noise o 1 something heavy failing, followed by a piercing cry. I pushed a button and turned on the electric light. There was Miroi, pale as a corpse, leaning against the wall and in the cent* r of the room stood his old moth- er, trembling over li* r whole body, and la front of i **r a confused mass of soft clay and wet rags. !•' -.vine’ h r * *>n coming up the stair* fery seldom went out. In their living rooms she knew the exact place of ev- fry pif • of furniture, but as Mirol was in the habit of bringing home all kinds of < uri¦ x for his studio he had asked her never to go in there unless he could guide her. Often I listened to her when she complained bitterly of her hard lot, that she of all people should be de- nied to see the works of art which had won fame for her son. All of us art- ists knew how she felt and we there- fore never mentioned his works in her presence. Mirol suffered greatly under the restraint, and for this reason he often came to me, | I had noticed for several months that he was absentmlnded, as he al- ways was when his brain was con- ceiving the Idea of a new masterpiece, but I had no idea what it was to be, though he at several occasions had spoken to me In regard to my concep- tion of the myth of Pandora, “I have succeeded. The inspiration that I have looked for these last eight months have come to me. I do not know how it happened, but I have worked without stopping for forty- eight hours, and my statue is finished in clay, and it expresses everything that I have wished for. Come with me. I must have some fresh air/* I hurriedly put on my hat and coat and we walked down the boulevard. Jean Mirol was a changed being. He was as happy as a boy, and he could not get tired of describing how he felt that this statue surpassed anything he oad ever created. 'OH JtflN, JEfIN! SfEfIKTOME. The Great Family Fortunes of America. Th« great fortunes that have sprung ! up so amazingly in this country during I recent decades today, in the opinion of many serious thinkers, constitute a menace to our national well-being, says j Cleveland Moffett. In writing of “The Shameful Misuse of Wealth.” in Suc- I cess magazine. Without these gTeut | fortunes there would be no reign of ! luxury in America, no flaunting of j feasts and follies, no riot of extrava- -1 gance; with them we may expect all I the evils that have In previous chriliza- [ tions attended upon enormous riches. ! And many of these evils, as we have ¦ already seen, are actually with us. It is admitted that we are the richest ; people in the world today—the richest people the world ha* ever seen. The vaunted wealth of Croesus is estimated at only 18,000,600. but there are seventy American estates that average 135,060.- 000 each. As showing the rapid growth |of Individual fortunes in this country there Is interest In a list of rich men —printed in 1835, according to which New York City at that time boasted only twenty-eight millionaires. And a pamphlet some years earlier says that in ISIS Philadelphia could show only ten estates valued at a million or more, the richest being that of Stephen Girard, which reached |7,o6'>.o*>o. In contrast to which in 13»2 th*re were over 260 millionaires in Philadelphia. A't to New York f'ity. the number of its millionaires, according to best In- formation. is over 2.600. while the num- ber of millionaires in the Criited Slates is at least 5,000. or half the total num- ber In the world. Ther** 1* one family alone, af The head of which stands the richest and most powerful man In the world. John I>. Rockefeller, and the wealth of this family is estimated at a thousand million, dollars, a sum so huge that the hurra:’ rr.in 1 quit.? fails t/j. grasp Jr, a sum so huge that if at the birth of Christ Mr. Rockefeller had be- gun making a dollar a minute and had let all these dollars accumulate day »nd night for all these centuries, he vould not jref. in 1*64, have amassed a thousand million dollars. Anri if Mr. Rockefeller should today turn hts wealth into gold coin and take it out of the country, say into Canada, be would carry across the border three times as much gold as would then re- main la the United States. Nor wduld he carry it himself, for the weight of R would bo 1.75# tons. And If ho load- ed R on the boohs efportecaeach Man , bearing Ms wg vdfht In solid gotd • 52« Mi S gifi n A»i SnESr! l .-h • ha i tried to hurry out of the tu- dio, and in her hurry had upset the statue. I have never a more heartrend- ing sight than this poor old woman. H<r t‘*eth were chattering and she could hardly whisper the words: “Oh, Jean! My own poor Jean! Tell me that It was not your Pandora! God could not punish me so hard for break- ing my promise. Oh, Jean, Jean! speak to me." I saw Mirol make a mighty effort to master his emotion. Hia whole body shook, but his voice was perfectly calm as he said: j "Oh. no. mother dear! It. w'as not Pandora, hut only a bust which I had Just started to work on. But poor, lit- tle mother, you have no Idea how you scared me.” I saw the color return to the old lady's cheeks, she heaved a sigh and a j happy smile spread over her dear, old ; features. "How happy I am, my darling boy. ! that It was nothing worse. It would have killed me nad it been your Pan- , dora. I promise you I shall never go ; Into your studio again. Kiss me, my , boy. to show that you have forgiven i me." He passed by me to go to her and j whispered: "Paul, throw all this clay jln the waste barrel. I could never do It myself. It would break my heart, and you must never tell my poor mother." I looked at his face. He was smiling sadly, but two great tears were In his faithful blue eyes. walked ten feet apart the line of them would reach forty-four miles and would occupy fifteen hours in passing a given point. None of which takes any account of the dally Interest on this fortune, which interest, if paid in gold, would require the strength of seven men to carry It, for it would weigh a thousand pounds Such are the riches of a single family! An Oak Tree of 20 Ton Transplanted From the Boston Globe. A large English oak on the Fairhavea * state of H. H. Rogers, the Standard Oil magnate, has been transplanted. The transplanting was done under the direction of James Garthley, gardener for Mr. Rogers. The tree is 40 feet high, has a spread of 43 feet, and the diameter of the butt is 2 feet 3 Inches. The weight is 26 tons. Nearly fifty years ago the late Warren Delano, returning from England, brought with him some English acorns. Some of these were given to John Sweeney, who planted them in his yard. One of the resulting trees was trans- planted to the estate of Edmund Allen, now owned by Mr. Rogers. It grew near the west wall surrounding the grounds, not far from the northwest corner. A section of the wall was removed dur- ing the recent change ia order that the roots could be taken out intact Deep ex- cavation was not necessary ax the roots were found lying on solid ledge. These wer<- carefully wrapped in short hay. The weight wa* raised in a manner similar to that adopted in moving building*, ar.d the trev wa* kept In a perpendicular position during its trip of several rods. The tree is now located in the center of the west lawn in front of the residence of Mr. Rogers. From otrer acorns brought from Fng- land by Mr. Delano there are stx trees growing in the Sweeney lot. south of Odar s?re*f, and there are a few In the Delano !oi at Riverside e*-m<-'ery, Charles Was Skeptical. Nikola Tesla, tb* noted electrician and inVenter, wa* showing a group of young ladies ever his magnificent laboratory. j In front of an ord.nary reading light he paused and said: “When this type of light came out I had in my employ a young man called Charles. “Charles the first time he saw one of these lights burning said to see: *• ‘Sure, Mr. Tesla, and what's thatr “ That.’ sa d l. la electricity. Charts*.* "He frowned mad shook bis Mad. - Tsry good,' be a*ML 'Tesy good. BUI ra be tanged * I don't Utah tt tabs* mgM (b*m dsatyUinr te wga ik^ ban R flMbatfta’" ; FEATHERED CANNIBAL 9. sea Gulls That Eat Sparrows in s London Park. From the I/indon Mall. In the highest point of the island It ihe lake of St. James’ park two large <u!ls stood the other afternoon looking lown with a kind of scornful, rnotlon- *ess dignity on the smaller members of '.heir tribe wading at the water's e<lge ar skimming to and fro on the wing. The two gulls were said to be those who have taken to eating sparrows and who now regard their c* .npanlons seek- ing a fishy diet with something like •ontempt. "The VY‘- •?-.finvif-r G izctte” told the atory of how the two gulls were first seen at their deadly work with the sparrow**. It was on Bank Holiday when clus- ters of sparrows w¦ • everywhere tn Kt. James’ park seeking the crumbs which fell from the holiday makers. The two gulls watched a group of tiny brown bird# for some time, and then, the larger bird, presumably the mile, da •••be : no : ¦ •• i ; i ’. . • *! iv >* time# Into the struggling and absorbed cluster of sparrows, emerging each time with a live bird In his beak. Ho Shook hi# prey as a terrier shakes a rat, and then swallowed the sparrows, feathers and all. Twice, however, his mate intervened, and took the sparrow* from hirn for h r <>. n • ofi.vun !•: >n. The following day, when the major- ity of the fifty or dxty gulls in the park wer* engaged in looking for food in the lake or screaming their appre- ciation of the stormy weather, the two big gulls stoo l silent and detnrhed, oc- asionally turning a thoughtful md melancholy eye to the bank, presum- ably the scene of the tragedy of Bank Holiday. More sparrows were gathered there. A keeper could not understand the nf- falr. “If,” he said, "thqy’ve really swallowed sparrows and got a taste for poultry they’ll probably give up fl«h altogether, and the next thing will be these two big gulls will be trying to swallow the little one#. The two of j hing the other gulls pretty keenly all the morning. I don’t like the looks of them*at all.” What Is the Northwest Passage? From Review of Reviews. This n-.rthwest passage may b*. briefly explained. The long coasts of the mainland are not clogged, like those on many other polar shores, with ice- berg# or glaciers or thick sea Ice. The aoast is low, the tundra behind It is only a little higher than the sea, and conditions are not favorable for the formation and flow of glaciers. Ice- bergs, therefore, are not found, be- cause in the Arctic they are merely the broken-off ends of glaciers. But from thirty to forty miles north of Point Barrow, the most northern point of the continent, stretches the great barrier of sea Ice, with hum- mocks and ridges thrust, by pressure, j from twenty to fifty feet above the gen- eral level, so that when McClure’# In- vestigator got into the heavy floe the ice sometime# rose around her as high s the yardarms. As no Islands Inter- vene for hundreds of miles east of Ber- i Ing sea to protect the coast from the polar pack, why Is it that this heavy Ice Is not forced down upon the shores? It ts because the coastal waters are comparatively shallow and the sea ice: grounds milt? L- V *y; f'?rthjy ea?t the coasts of the mainland Are pro- tected from the sea Ice, not only by shallow water, but also by the Islands that extend almost continuously from; Ranks Land to the Atlantic end of HutL son St re it. Po the ice along the coast is of the winter's formation, and fn sutnmer It disappear# entirely or is so narrowe<i by melting as to leave channels of greater or le.«s width that are navig- able for two or three months. The fact is, as Lieutenant Wheeler, of our rev- enue cutter service recently said, this passage ha# been made time and time again by the overlapping of the tracks of vessels between the At- lantic and the Pacific. San Francisco whalers have already pushed far east- ward beyond the Mackenzie delta and the mouth of the Coppermine river. Colllnson. during the Franklin search,* took hi# vessel eastward through these channels almost to the very waters from which the GJoa started last sum-* 1 mer, and a short sledge Journey farther east brought him within sight of King' William Land, but he little dreamed that th»* bndte* of many of the men* he was seeking were scattered along Its shores. In time this route may be of some im-l portance. Mineral resources have been found along the northern edge of Can- ada. and some day they will be de- , veloped. This water route is by no t means ideal, but, to some extent, it will j facilitate the operations of miners and’ v halers. MINING QUICKSILVER. Method of Distilling the Moving Meta From Solid Ore. From the Chicago Chronicle. Qakkfilvcr, the familiar but always fas- cinating mercury that rises and fails in the thermometer tube, has established a postoffice and built a towrn In Oregon. Black Butte is the name of the town and Black Butte from which the name comes. Is a mountain of mer- cury. It is claimed by the owners that this mountain has the largest exposed body of quicksilver ore In the world. A vein 400 feet wide has been op- ened for more than a mile along the moun- tain and to a depth of I,WO feet below the crest. More than three miles of tunnels, raises, etc., have been made, and every where the rich cinnabar ores from which’ quicksilver Is taken appear In great quan- tities. In the Oregon mining section at the Lewis and Clark exposition the visitors saw In operation a miniature quick- silver distilling plant, modeled after the one at Black Butte, The l!tt!e engine ran ail day and attracted much attention. Near by wan the condenser and under the spout an iron bucket of quicksilver, show- ing Just h >w the moving metal runs out of the condenser after being liberated from the ore through a scientific process. Tne process ordinarily is called distilla- tion. First the ore is crushed and then It is dumped into furnaces, w here it is roast- j ed at the fierce hear, of 1.3* degrees Fah- | rer.heit. When the ere reaches a temper- j ature of degrees the quicksilver begins j to pass off in the form of vapor. The m-r- j cury vapor passes Into large chambers j built of wood or brick, called condenser*. These are coated by water Jackets and other devie**. and in them the vapor sooq changes into met »ll!e form, the quicksilver being precipitated in fine globules on the walls ar.d floors. The globules collect and run ©tit In troughs, ready to be marketer. Quicksilver is put up for shirking in Ranks of wrought Iron, weighing fourteer pounds each and hold seventy-six and one-half poo rids of the metal. The prev- ent market price of quicksilver is about fifty-three cents a pound * holexale. Quicksilver is found m re ns cf rocks, like gold, silver and other m <ais. Horae- t.tnes the tiny globules of the mercury aptpear la (he inters tires of the rock, but usually It is found In tho form of cinnabar, a chemical compound conta'nfng 13J# per cent, of sulphur and 1U per «e»t mer- cury. When pure and reduced to a powd- er It Is a bright rod ootsr. The principal uses of gaiekaftver as* far removing fro* goM and silver In placer and quarts m nmg. *or manufacturing vermil- ttan paints ami Rat fbr baadmg uta- rers, for mak tag ttarsMaaatars aai auuqr 1 attar a taatNMMtak I WHAT’S WHAT IN Anything That Costs Less Than S4OO to SSOO Consid- ered “Punk.” RUSSIAN SABLE THE BEST fashion Decrees That the Well Dressed Must Possess at Least One Fur Coat, Though Any Number Is Not Prohibited. From the New York Sun. A fur lined overcoat Is always a luxury, but It n<n < r was more so than this year, when there has been so little severe weather. If It were only for utility that men bought these coats, there woukl bo lutlc demand for them. Furs for men have become like furs for women, a luxury in no way dependent on the temperature. A man who makes an effort to ho Well dressed feels that hi* wardrobe Is incomplete without a fur lined coat. If there is anything to be said In excuse for such an extravagance It t* the lasting qualities of such a garment. A pell made fur lined coat ought with or- dinary care to last at least ten years. The foost important question with this kind of a coat is naturally the fur of which it Is to be made. And that depends in a large measure on the amount one expect* to pay, Russian aal>l« la naturally the most expensive of all furs. That varies vn much in price that a coat of thl* kind may cost 1800 or IS,OOO. Astrakhan is a popular fur, but It doe* not wear so well as other kinds, and the astrakhan collars do not give tho furry effect that !s both becoming and comfort- able In cold weather. Then the fur 1* Jikely to g« t shiny with comparatively lit- tle wear. A coat lined with astrakhan and finished with a mink or sable collar is a very becoming combination. There is a beautiful fur for collars in sea otter, which is rather too costly to become common. The supply of furs from which men may select coats I* not large. Women wear sable, mink, lynx, seal, black and silver fox. astrakhan, broad tail, chinchilla, wolf and various other furs while the choice of men for street wear is practically limited to astrakhan, seal, mink, rable or otter. For wear In a motor, however, the men may select from a variety of pelts that were never before hoard of as Intended for human wear. They come, moreover, In combinations and contrasts of color that would delight the most barbaric taste. The cheap fur coat i* a very poor In- vestment for anybody. The shiny, dyed furs look well for the shop windows, but they will not stand closer scrutiny. They do not wear at all well and fur coat* of this kind do not come Into consideration In discussing the kind of a coat that a well uressed man would want to wear. of the best fur coats arc made now by tailors, although sotro aje turned out Bjf furrier*, in rape cases the purchaser after ordering his coat buys the fur from a dealer and take* H to his tailor. Most careful men want their overcoats, oven If they arc to be made cj fur, tpade by Iks man who cut* (heir other clothe*. The cloth used in making a fur coat should be black, whatever the kind or color of the fur" used. Kersey or broad- cloth 1* the beat ma terial. The length of a coat may be left to the individual taste of the wearer, but the best style Is almost to the shoe top*. There are no button* on the fur coat* made by the beet of the New York tailors. . Small wooden buttons covered with silk and silk loops are used to fasten the coat* down the front. Otherwise the coat 1* ab- soluteiy plain. The sleeve* as a ruls are not provided with cuffs. Fur is worn as h ruff only when !t is part of a sleeve, made very long, so that It may bo turned down over the hands In cold weather. When this protection is not needed tho sleeve is turned back and gives the effect of cuffs made of the fur with which the coat is lined. The fur with which the coat Is lined shows along the edi* but It Is the collar that really g!ve* the decorative fur effect to the garment. As a rule the shawl col- lar is worn because it can be more readily turned up about the ears. Tho notch col- lar is occasionally worn, and In the opin- ion of some persons is much smarter than | the shawl collar. The skins used to make a coat collar are ; In every case much finer in quality than those that lino the body of the coat. In the case of mink. It is de*'rab!e to select an especially good set of skins for the col- lar, as it alone will show. The differenc# I in the quality of astrakhan is not really | so noticeable as the finest skins, used for women’s wear, would not be required, Sfcalskin. which is very expefis!ve, make* a beautiful lining, but would not bo de- sired for a collar. A mink, otter or astra- khan collar, however, goes admirably with | this fur. In th»* same way a sable cotlar may b© used with any sort of lining. A suggestion of sabls about a coat, however. Immediate- ly takes It out of the list of useful gar- ments. liable is an extremely perishable fur. for one thing, and not suited to th© wear of any man who has to work, as th# majority of Americans do, and expects to wear hi* fur coat even to business in cold weather. A good mink coat, made up by the high- est priced tailor may be bought for MM, and with care It will last for ten year*. A good astrakhan coat lined throughout with for of good quality may b# bought for ***. and ft will be first class in every detail of cut and finish. The fur overcoat follows generally th# line# of the ordinary coat, sav# that ft Is fuller in the back, with more of a box effect and much broader about the bot- tom. Pending Consular Bill. ' Take this consular bill which Is now pending. When It was introduced It contained a series of provisions under w hich the consulates were to be graded. The original appointments made wer# to be only to the lower grades, and th© upp*r grades were to be filled by pro- motions, so that we would catch fel- loes young, while they still had some motive power left In them. These pro- visions have been stricken out and th© bill reported without them. Still, th* bill makes a great advance over the present system. It grades tb* consul- ate# and provides for the abolition of fees, and ft provides against the em- ployment of any clerks, except those of the very lowest grades, who are not American citizens, provides ayatstf what I think la a very great abuse, namely the fact that a great number of American consulates are run by clerks of the country In which they art sit- uated.” The approaching end of tbs active work of the reciprocity bureau was sounded In Mr. Root** statement about the expense fbr Ra maintenance. The £££7 g I* tta tarrau m tnt 61 any very lowwi = 1 FUR OVERCOATS ¦ ¦ -or;* ' * «/ p ¦ # .-i ‘ : t ' -dl jgMV-.
Transcript of 1 AN EXAMPLE ppf^oL,.
AN EXAMPLE FORAMERICAN YOUTHS
Career of the King of AmericanMerchants Is An In-
spiration.
MARSHALLFIELD THE MAN
Began Life as a Poor Boy, and by StrictHonesty and Industry Amassed
Largest Fortune of AnyAmerican.
!': ’ Ci.ii.-aso E s Journal.Long alter u »st features of the per-
sonality . the late Marshall Field havebeen tor -at-n, Chi*.agouns will re-member, with admiration and grati-tude, his >;u iity of t :up ranee.
This quality has not been sufficientlyremarked, t'nlike some other rich men.here and *'!s where, he recognized theobligation his prominence laid upon himof setting a good example to youngmen growing up around him. He hadmoney * • h to gratify every pos-sible whin;, however costly. But helived inouer’y, without ostenstatlon,without making himself ridiculous inattempts to find new sensations beyondthe exp* rienc-e of r . less rich,
He di-I tot appe r to think thatwec.ith relieved hi aof the necessity ofbeing a gentleman. You never heardof him r atf-ring >id from the Bittedtower, or trying to break the bank atMonte C irlo.
He did not ow|j a “string of racehorses ” He did not appear in race-course betting rings, an enormous cigarIn his mouth, his face mh-le crimson bycostly wines, his pockets stuffed bythou- md dollar bills, his person flankedby jockeys, touts, faro bankers, andprize fighters. He did not sit up nightsIn hotel r* s playing poker.
The newspapers never reported himns “tipping a restaurant waiter $30.”He did not spend his summers at Sara-toga. hobnobbing with notorious gam-blers. When he traveled it was notin a special train, with a band of re-tinue or servants, and an army ofsycophantic guests.
Son *>*. . re h rr.cn of our day areguilty of thtse vulgarities, but MarshallField had the instincts of a gentlemanand a good "citizen. If he had acted asother rich men act he would certainlyhave done gr at injury to all youngmen in this Community, for, demoral-ized by his example, they would havefollowed it, reasoning that if that rich,successful man could indulge In suchbad pr- i they could safely do so:that what h. 1 not harmed him wouldnot h -r a t .... :n.
Instead <• fi that, Mr. Field's exampleand intluer.ee were always on the sideof temperance, g >od taste, gentleman-
llness.His life was simple, normal, clean.
And, being what he was in the world ofbusiness. In the civic life of Chicago,he made his mode of existence thefashion. So long as he was our firstcitizen .it was not possible for richmen with vulgar tastes to h. comfort-able here. They w re chilled by thedisapproval of Mr. Field. Sooner orlater, they abandoned their vulgarityor removed ti.-o where. The moral at-mosphere ht re was too clean for them.
This was due. to a great degree, toMars I Field, end for it he shouldbe hell in grateful remembrance by allwho wish to see the purity of our socialsentiment preserved.
Began as Farmer’s Boy.Marshall Field began life as a farmer's
boy in Massachusetts. trying a clerkshipin a country -tore. Then, going to Chicagoand growing up with the town, he|f v na!.ybecame h ad of a mercantile esfbh!i-h---ment which d d a business of more thanJSO,t*O(U»O a year
Honesty and industry have always i eenassociated with has name, and he was nota stranger to philanthropy and arts. Inaddition to his .'rygoods business he hadextensive banking Interests, owned morethan «'* worth of real estate, waschief stockholder in the Pullman company,held enormous quantities of railroadMocks and bonds, and was a director nthe steel trust.
In spite cf this colossal wealth he was amodest and retir ng man. little known tosociety, though his handsome locks andcultivated mind were calculated to graceIt.
It is Interesting to recall that through-out hie ior-.g career the public never raidany but kind things of Marshall Field.
Oid a Cash Business.It was a matter of pride with him that
the basis of his success had been cash.He never gave a note, never bought a
share of stock on margin, never borrowedmoney nor allow ed his property to be en-cumbered with mortgages; he bought forcash, sold on short tim*-. and held his cus-tomers to a srnct enforcement of theircontracts.
Mr. Field was horn In western Massa-chusetts. in the little town of Conway, in1335. Five years ago he gave the town a000,000 public library' In commemorationof the event. He received a commonschool and academy education, and at theage of 17 went to Pittsfield, Mass., to be-come a dry goods clerk. Having servedthere four years he started out for aplace offering opportunities, and Chicagowas his first and last stoo.
There was no guarantee at that timethat Chicago would become the westernMetropolis—ln fact, the chances seemedrather in favor of St. Louis—but Mr. Fieldbecame a Chicagoan heart and soul, andthe atory of his life is a wonderfully closeIndex of the city's history and growth.
Clerk in Dry Goods Store.Mr. Field obtained employment as a
clerk Jn the wholesale drygoods house ofCooley. Farweli A Co. his equipment atthe outset tn h»s new field of labyr was !health, bru ts, sound principles and ambi- !tioa. Genuine worth did not have to wait ;for dead men's shoes to secure recognitionin the broader field in wafeh the youngman found himself. His go>i qualities •were promptly discovered by his employ- 1era and availed of to mutual advantage.
Mr. Field remained In the capacity of ;clerk only four years. In IMM he was made 'a parti:- r In I*t> there was a partial re- jorganization, the new firm constating ofMr. Field, L. Z. loiter and Potter Palmer, jtinder the firm name of Field, Palmer at .Leiter. Two years later Mr. Iaimer with-drew, ar.d until ISM the style o'/ the firmwas Field. L*i;er Ac Co. Mr. Letter retired |In the latter year and since that time the ,firm has been Mars ia.i Field A Co.
Quick Recovery from Fire., The only break in the unexampled
growth of the great mercantile house was ithat made by the fire of I»7L In that ;great calamity Mr. Field suffered proper- jrionatety with the city Itself. His firm *then did business at State and Washing-ton streets, the present site cf the new re- ;tad store of Marshall Field A Co. Every- jthing was swept away by the flames, in- ,voirfng a loss of *La*».tW*>. The firm event- \wilyrecovered J'~ insurance.
The disaster was met with characteristicenexjry and pluck. While the twins stillsmoked new quarters were opened by the ifirm tn the steet car bsnu at State and 1Twentieth streets, and rebuilding was at jonce begun on the oid site. The firm also >began the erection of a separate wholesale !house at Madison and Market streets. >Their new buildings were among the first ,of the permanent stroctires completed 1after the fire.
Within a dozen years the new wholesalequarter* proved Inadequate to the tremen-dous growth of buftnos, and the erectioncf the prtM-nt great structure was com-pleted tn IXB7. It occupies an entire Mock,bousdrd by Adams, Franklin and Quincystreets and Fifth avenue, tn the heart offin business section
Hk firm manufactured a largo percent-Ofii* rf the goods *t aotd. and dm rattle of
Its loons was heard in the manufacturingcenters of both hemispheres. It had fac-tories In England. Ireland and Scotland.In France. Italy. Spain. Germany, Austria
j and Riirsia, in China. Japan. India andAustralia. The great department store*of the cast controlled the trade on the
I Atlantic coast. Marshall Field A- Co. had\ the great expanse west and south of Chl-
-1 eago os far as the Pacific.Could Take a Joke.
Mr. Field had an Instinctive capacity forestimating the ability of his assistants.He also had a human side in his relationswith them. The story is told <*f a smallboy in his employ who once dared to askMr. Field for a raise in salary. “You’re nobigger than a pint of cider." said the mer-chant gruffly. Then, as the boy kept
I silent, Mr. Field said:“How much are you getting now?”“Thr*c dollars a week!” exclaimed the
boy faintly.‘‘Three hollars a week!” exclaimed Field.
"Why, when 1 was your age 1 only got(2 “
“Well.” spoke up the lad In desperation,“perhaps you weren’t worth any more.”
The it ply amused the merchant million-aire and the boy got his advance.
Worth $151,000,000.Entirely outside his enormous drygoods,
business Marshall Field was estimated tobe worth $l5O. ox*.*,ooo. He was assessed at,sso.oeo,wnl on real estate alone in Chicagoand New York, and paid taxes on a 114.000,-000 personalty asae.-sn tut w ithout suggest-ing that the figures were too high.
.Mr Fit-id's s venty years had turned hishair and mustache to a silvery vvnite. He
! was a singularly distinguished looking| man and a man whou- dignified presence
Inspired respect in other persons. Hisfirst wife was Miss Nannie Scott of Iron-,
i ton. Ohio. After her death at Nice,| France, iri IMO, Mr. Field was repeatedlyreported to be enegaged to the widow of
iCI ¦ era| i'hii Sheridan. This Mr. Field! dented and vn September 5 of last year ho' matri'-d Mfs. Arthur Cal on, a wealthy, Englishwoman.
Marshall Field, Jr., died in Mercy hos-pit
... Chicago, on Novcinb r l'7, IjC>. front: a self-inflicted pistol wound, which hisi family dt" la red to have u» -‘n accident ¦»*,
j ai-4 left three childr?n, Marshall FieldI HI., aged 16: Henry, 9: arid Gwecdolfn, 4.
The cldor Field has cne other child, Mrs.j Ethel Beatty. who was divorced from ai wealth v Engll-hineri i rimed Arthur Tree,
and later married a British array captain.A prominent Chicago.*n on«e said that
Chicago would never know what MarshallField had been to it until after he was
j dead. In all his giving he was unostenta-tious. and it Is more than likely that hisgreat* :-t benefactions have never beentold He made many gifts of land to Chi-cago university, including “MarshallField.” the university athletic ground*.He offered Chicago $10,400,040 with which
ie forthe P’iold Columbian Museum of Art. Howas a member of the Presbyterian churchand a democrat in politics, having been afavorite candidate (against his will) forthe vice presidential nomination at St.Louis In IjA.
Mcurn :ng for Divorces.From the N*-w York American.
Divorces are becoming .so frequenthat it v. ill soon be necessary to draw-up an entirely new code of the rulesof etiquette in connection therewith.Thus just at present people are dis-cussing the xtent to which the deathof a divorced husband should he no-ticed by his former wife. There seemsto be a pretty general consensus o{|opinion that the touch of purple which'Mrs. Travers has imparted cither to
| her hats or to her gowns, or to both,j since the beginning of the season, con-stitutes ail that is necessary in theway of a tribute to the man whose
j name continues to b- ir, and who| met with such a tragic end last fall.
Purple is one of the mounting colors.It constitutes the expression of a grief
J less intense than that implied by black.! Widow's weeds- would be obviously out! of place on the part of a divorcee, in
I the event of the demise of her formerj husband. But society has come to thej conclusion that if the dame still con-j tinu s to bear the name of her former
| husband after the dissolution of thej union, some token of respect becomes
i necessary In the event of his death.Thus, though everybody, sympathized
1 with 1 Mr.-. Pi- rre L rillard inj connection with the treatment to whichshe w .s subjected by her husband, and
¦ which was sufficient to excite her bit-terest indignation, yet it is said the
i fashionable set of New York has neveri to this day quite forgiven her for her! refusal to take any notice whatsoeverj of his demise.and for her action in giv- jir.g within a fortnight afterward a
! grand ball at Sherry’s, for the debutt of her fascinating niece. Miss Emily
Stuart Taylor, who, as Mrs. Ernest jWiltsee is now developing into one ofthe most brilliant and popular matronsof New York society.
In Paris they have these mattersmuch more creditably arrar g :d. and
j have even got to the point of sending: out divorce cards in the same way as
wedding cards Over there but few dl-I vorcez are recorded in the press and
' the consequence is that it is impossible jj to keep track of the marriages which
j have come to grief, unless cards are! received from those of one's wedded
1 friends ar.d acquaintances who have! agreed to part company.
Modern Shoe Dressings.From the NVw York Sum
“Time was. ’ said a manufacturer of sbo ,dressings “when everybody wore blackshoes, and the commonly worn wascalfskin. In those days shoe blacking
I wa.w to most people Just shoe blacking, aj paste blading put up In a round flat tinbox
“We did import from France a paste \blacking th it came in oblong square wood-
! en boxes, and from England a liquid polish jI that came in wide-mouthed stone bottles:! but the great majority of people when they. wanted shoe blacking Just bought a box •i of the blacking of the size they wanted, jand that was all there was to it; thougheven in those days there was an art in the jmanufacture of shoe blacking, and somamanufacturers turned out a product that
f came to be well and widely known."8:111 shoe blacking was then to most
people just shoe blacking: while today j; there are plenty of people who never saw
, one of those once universally fa mi lias !! old time flat round tin boxes, and shoe, dressings are now made In great variety j
[ and put up tn many forms, and the mar.u- !! facture of shoe dressings has progressed !! from an art to a science. In which thei chemist plays his daily part.
"These great changes In the businesshave been brought about mainly by the'modem introduction into general use. fo*shoes, of many different kinds of leather, jand of leathers of different color* and !shades of color, and by the widespread use jof canvas shoes, these including great!numbers of white shoes, calling for whitsdressings.
"So, while once the manufacturer o!shoe blacking simply continued to makoshoe blacking, -s.ith such Improvement* Inits composition rm experience suggested,now the manufacturer of shoe dressing*
| Leep* track Sf the leather market** of # ||
the new leathers and other materials putout for use In shoes, and he must know towhat extent these are likely to prove popt:.
lar. and hr prepared wl-.h dr-usings suit-able for them -yheo the shoes come ervthe market. ;-f.- '?£
"The. chemLt comes In here In the com-pounding of a dressing that shall not onlybe suitable but advantageously adaptedto the leather upon which rt Is to be used.
“And so we now hare dressings hi theform of powders and of cakes*, and w«have cleaners and dyes, as well as manyliquid and paste dressings. And whileformerly the sale of the biaekfngs pro-duced here was practically confined to thiscoonary. American shoe dresslag* nowfollow American shoes all over th# world.**
n^Titeita 1 Chfimt Mm tkadnmkumiiry. -
ppf^oL,.<iRtHTb-RnTil.iRKjttO RI^ERyZP.
“But none of you have m -ntlonedtvhat I admire mere than anything elseIn Jean Miroi,” said Chatray, after allof us had sung the prat -:es of the sculp-
tor; "his hrart of the pur* st gold. Allthat you have told about his heroicstruggle- with hardships and poverty tomake name for himself proves hi*extraordinary energy and grit. But Iknow from the time when his strug-gles were over an incident which prov*-:
that fame and praise have not spoiledhis great, loving heart.”
I had written several articles whichhad interested him greatly, and as w<ii\ed in the same part ¦• r ‘ i ;i- h<¦ ¦ ddropped in evenings for a quiet chat.Often I then went with him to his stu-dio, and here we then talked about hisart tfil long after midnight.
This studio was in the rear of hif-a part men ts, where he lived with his oldmother, who was blind, and who
“Why, Paul, it - imp it lives, itbreathes, it has * soul! You mustcome with me and see it.
We goon readied his house and be-gan to climb the .‘-talrs to his apart-ments, which were on the fifth floor.
Sudd- J.ly lie topp< d and listened,with u look of anxiety on his face.
“I can hear mother. What <an shebe doing here co late? I have askedh*-r never to go Into th ’ di*\ and 1can hear she is there ”
He opened the door to the studio, itwas dark, and we h< nd a noise o 1something heavy failing, followed by apiercing cry. I pushed a button andturned on the electric light.
There was Miroi, pale as a corpse,leaning against the wall and in thecent* r of the room stood his old moth-er, trembling over li* r whole body, andla front of i **r a confused mass of softclay and wet rags.
!•' -.vine’ h r * *>n coming up the stair*
fery seldom went out. In their livingrooms she knew the exact place of ev-fry pif • of furniture, but as Mirolwas in the habit of bringing home allkinds of < uri¦ x for his studio he hadasked her never to go in there unlesshe could guide her.
Often I listened to her when shecomplained bitterly of her hard lot,that she of all people should be de-nied to see the works of art which hadwon fame for her son. All of us art-ists knew how she felt and we there-fore never mentioned his works in herpresence. Mirol suffered greatly underthe restraint, and for this reason heoften came to me,
| I had noticed for several monthsthat he was absentmlnded, as he al-ways was when his brain was con-ceiving the Idea of a new masterpiece,but I had no idea what it was to be,though he at several occasions hadspoken to me In regard to my concep-tion of the myth of Pandora,
“I have succeeded. The inspirationthat I have looked for these last eightmonths have come to me. I do notknow how it happened, but I haveworked without stopping for forty-eight hours, and my statue is finishedin clay, and it expresses everythingthat I have wished for. Come with me.I must have some fresh air/*
I hurriedly put on my hat and coatand we walked down the boulevard.Jean Mirol was a changed being. Hewas as happy as a boy, and he couldnot get tired of describing how he feltthat this statue surpassed anything heoad ever created.
'OH JtflN, JEfIN!SfEfIKTOME.
The Great Family Fortunes of America.Th« great fortunes that have sprung
! up so amazingly in this country during
I recent decades today, in the opinion of
many serious thinkers, constitute amenace to our national well-being, says
j Cleveland Moffett. In writing of “TheShameful Misuse of Wealth.” in Suc-
I cess magazine. Without these gTeut
| fortunes there would be no reign of
! luxury in America, no flaunting of jfeasts and follies, no riot of extrava-
-1 gance; with them we may expect allI the evils that have In previous chriliza-
[ tions attended upon enormous riches.! And many of these evils, as we have¦ already seen, are actually with us.
It is admitted that we are the richest; people in the world today—the richestpeople the world ha* ever seen. Thevaunted wealth of Croesus is estimatedat only 18,000,600. but there are seventyAmerican estates that average 135,060.-000 each. As showing the rapid growth
|of Individual fortunes in this country
there Is interest In a list of rich men—printed in 1835, according to whichNew York City at that time boastedonly twenty-eight millionaires. And apamphlet some years earlier says thatin ISIS Philadelphia could show onlyten estates valued at a million or more,the richest being that of StephenGirard, which reached |7,o6'>.o*>o. Incontrast to which in 13»2 th*re wereover 260 millionaires in Philadelphia.
A't to New York f'ity. the number ofits millionaires, according to best In-formation. is over 2.600. while the num-ber of millionaires in the Criited Slatesis at least 5,000. or half the total num-ber In the world. Ther** 1* one familyalone, af The head of which stands therichest and most powerful man In theworld. John I>. Rockefeller, and thewealth of this family is estimated at athousand million, dollars, a sum so hugethat the hurra:’ rr.in 1 quit.? fails t/j.grasp Jr, a sum so huge that if at thebirth of Christ Mr. Rockefeller had be-gun making a dollar a minute and hadlet all these dollars accumulate day»nd night for all these centuries, hevould not jref. in 1*64, have amassed
a thousand million dollars. Anri if Mr.Rockefeller should today turn htswealth into gold coin and take it outof the country, say into Canada, bewould carry across the border threetimes as much gold as would then re-main la the United States. Nor wduldhe carry it himself, for the weight ofR would bo 1.75# tons. And Ifho load-ed R on the boohs efportecaeach Man ,bearing Ms wg vdfht In solid gotd •
52« Mi S gifi n A»i SnESr! l
.-h • ha i tried to hurry out of the tu-dio, and in her hurry had upset thestatue.
I have never a more heartrend-ing sight than this poor old woman.H<r t‘*eth were chattering and shecould hardly whisper the words:
“Oh, Jean! My own poor Jean! Tellme that It was not your Pandora! Godcould not punish me so hard for break-ing my promise. Oh, Jean, Jean! speakto me."
I saw Mirol make a mighty effort tomaster his emotion. Hia whole bodyshook, but his voice was perfectly calmas he said:
j "Oh. no. mother dear! It. w'as notPandora, hut only a bust which I hadJust started to work on. But poor, lit-tle mother, you have no Idea how youscared me.”
I saw the color return to the oldlady's cheeks, she heaved a sigh and a
j happy smile spread over her dear, old; features.
"How happy I am, my darling boy.! that It was nothing worse. It wouldhave killed me nad it been your Pan-
, dora. I promise you I shall never go; Into your studio again. Kiss me, my, boy. to show that you have forgiveni me."
He passed by me to go to her andj whispered: "Paul, throw all this clayjln the waste barrel. I could never doIt myself. It would break my heart,and you must never tell my poormother."
I looked at his face. He was smilingsadly, but two great tears were In hisfaithful blue eyes.
walked ten feet apart the line of themwould reach forty-four miles andwould occupy fifteen hours in passinga given point. None of which takes anyaccount of the dally Interest on thisfortune, which interest, if paid in gold,would require the strength of sevenmen to carry It, for it would weigh athousand pounds Such are the richesof a single family!
An Oak Tree of 20 Ton TransplantedFrom the Boston Globe.
A large English oak on the Fairhavea* state of H. H. Rogers, the Standard Oilmagnate, has been transplanted. Thetransplanting was done under the directionof James Garthley, gardener for Mr.Rogers.
The tree is 40 feet high, has a spread of43 feet, and the diameter of the butt is 2feet 3 Inches. The weight is 26 tons.
Nearly fifty years ago the late WarrenDelano, returning from England, broughtwith him some English acorns. Some ofthese were given to John Sweeney, whoplanted them in his yard.
One of the resulting trees was trans-planted to the estate of Edmund Allen,now owned by Mr. Rogers. It grew nearthe west wall surrounding the grounds,
not far from the northwest corner.A section of the wall was removed dur-
ing the recent change ia order that theroots could be taken out intact Deep ex-cavation was not necessary ax the rootswere found lying on solid ledge. Thesewer<- carefully wrapped in short hay. Theweight wa* raised in a manner similar tothat adopted in moving building*, ar.d thetrev wa* kept In a perpendicular positionduring its trip of several rods.
The tree is now located in the center ofthe west lawn in front of the residence ofMr. Rogers.
From otrer acorns brought from Fng-land by Mr. Delano there are stx treesgrowing in the Sweeney lot. south of Odars?re*f, and there are a few In the Delano!oi at Riverside e*-m<-'ery,
Charles Was Skeptical.Nikola Tesla, tb* noted electrician and
inVenter, wa* showing a group of youngladies ever his magnificent laboratory. j
In front of an ord.nary reading light hepaused and said:
“When this type of light came out I hadin my employ a young man called Charles.
“Charles the first time he saw one ofthese lights burning said to see:
*• ‘Sure, Mr. Tesla, and what's thatr“That.’ sa d l. la electricity. Charts*.*"He frowned mad shook bis Mad.-Tsry good,' be a*ML 'Tesy good. BUIra be tanged *I don't Utah tt tabs*
mgM (b*m dsatyUinr te wga ik^ban R flMbatfta’" ;
FEATHERED CANNIBAL9.
sea Gulls That Eat Sparrows in sLondon Park.
From the I/indon Mall.In the highest point of the island It
ihe lake of St. James’ park two large
<u!ls stood the other afternoon lookinglown with a kind of scornful, rnotlon-
*ess dignity on the smaller members of'.heir tribe wading at the water's e<lgear skimming to and fro on the wing.
The two gulls were said to be thosewho have taken to eating sparrows andwho now regard their c* .npanlons seek-ing a fishy diet with something like•ontempt. "The VY‘- •?-.finvif-r G izctte”told the atory of how the two gulls werefirst seen at their deadly work withthe sparrow**.
It was on Bank Holiday when clus-ters of sparrows w¦ • everywhere tnKt. James’ park seeking the crumbswhich fell from the holiday makers.The two gulls watched a group of tiny
brown bird# for some time, and then,the larger bird, presumably the mile,da •••be : no : ¦ •• i ; i ’. . • *! iv >*
time# Into the struggling and absorbedcluster of sparrows, emerging eachtime with a live bird In his beak. HoShook hi# prey as a terrier shakes arat, and then swallowed the sparrows,feathers and all. Twice, however, hismate intervened, and took the sparrow*from hirn for h r <>. n • ofi.vun !•: >n.
The following day, when the major-ity of the fifty or dxty gulls in thepark wer* engaged in looking for foodin the lake or screaming their appre-ciation of the stormy weather, the twobig gulls stoo l silent and detnrhed, oc-asionally turning a thoughtful md
melancholy eye to the bank, presum-ably the scene of the tragedy of BankHoliday. More sparrows were gatheredthere.
A keeper could not understand the nf-falr. “If,” he said, "thqy’ve reallyswallowed sparrows and got a taste forpoultry they’ll probably give up fl«haltogether, and the next thing will bethese two big gulls will be trying toswallow the little one#. The two of
j hing the othergulls pretty keenly all the morning. Idon’t like the looks of them*at all.”
What Is the Northwest Passage?From Review of Reviews.
This n-.rthwest passage may b*.briefly explained. The long coasts ofthe mainland are not clogged, like thoseon many other polar shores, with ice-berg# or glaciers or thick sea Ice. Theaoast is low, the tundra behind It isonly a little higher than the sea, andconditions are not favorable for theformation and flow of glaciers. Ice-bergs, therefore, are not found, be-cause in the Arctic they are merelythe broken-off ends of glaciers.
But from thirty to forty miles northof Point Barrow, the most northernpoint of the continent, stretches thegreat barrier of sea Ice, with hum-mocks and ridges thrust, by pressure,
jfrom twenty to fifty feet above the gen-eral level, so that when McClure’# In-vestigator got into the heavy floe theice sometime# rose around her as high
s the yardarms. As no Islands Inter-
vene for hundreds of miles east of Ber-i Ing sea to protect the coast from thepolar pack, why Is it that this heavy
Ice Is not forced down upon the shores?It ts because the coastal waters are
comparatively shallow and the sea ice:grounds milt? L-V*y; f'?rthjy ea?tthe coasts of the mainland Are pro-tected from the sea Ice, not only byshallow water, but also by the Islandsthat extend almost continuously from;Ranks Land to the Atlantic end of HutLson St re it.
Po the ice along the coast is of thewinter's formation, and fn sutnmer Itdisappear# entirely or is so narrowe<iby melting as to leave channels ofgreater or le.«s width that are navig-able for two or three months. The factis, as Lieutenant Wheeler, of our rev-enue cutter service recently said, this
passage ha# been made timeand time again by the overlapping ofthe tracks of vessels between the At-lantic and the Pacific. San Franciscowhalers have already pushed far east-ward beyond the Mackenzie delta andthe mouth of the Coppermine river.Colllnson. during the Franklin search,*took hi# vessel eastward through thesechannels almost to the very watersfrom which the GJoa started last sum-* 1mer, and a short sledge Journey farthereast brought him within sight of King'William Land, but he little dreamedthat th»* bndte* of many of the men*
he was seeking were scattered along Itsshores.
In time this route may be of some im-lportance. Mineral resources have beenfound along the northern edge of Can-ada. and some day they will be de- ,veloped. This water route is by no tmeans ideal, but, to some extent, it will jfacilitate the operations of miners and’vhalers.
MINING QUICKSILVER.
Method of Distilling the Moving MetaFrom Solid Ore.
From the Chicago Chronicle.Qakkfilvcr, the familiar but always fas-
cinating mercury that rises and fails inthe thermometer tube, has established apostoffice and built a towrn In Oregon.Black Butte is the name of the town andBlack Butte from which the namecomes. Is a mountain of mer-cury. It is claimed by the ownersthat this mountain has the largestexposed body of quicksilver ore In theworld. A vein 400 feet wide has been op-ened for more than a mile along the moun-tain and to a depth of I,WO feet below the
crest. More than three miles of tunnels,raises, etc., have been made, and everywhere the rich cinnabar ores from which’quicksilver Is taken appear In great quan-tities.
In the Oregon mining section at theLewis and Clark exposition the visitorssaw In operation a miniature quick-silver distilling plant, modeled after theone at Black Butte, The l!tt!e engine ranail day and attracted much attention.Near by wan the condenser and under thespout an iron bucket of quicksilver, show-ing Just h >w the moving metal runs outof the condenser after being liberatedfrom the ore through a scientific process.
Tne process ordinarily is called distilla-tion. First the ore is crushed and then Itis dumped into furnaces, w here it is roast- jed at the fierce hear, of 1.3* degrees Fah- |rer.heit. When the ere reaches a temper- jature of degrees the quicksilver begins jto pass off in the form of vapor. The m-r- jcury vapor passes Into large chambers jbuilt of wood or brick, called condenser*.These are coated by water Jackets andother devie**. and in them the vapor sooqchanges into met »ll!e form, the quicksilverbeing precipitated in fine globules on thewalls ar.d floors. The globules collect andrun ©tit In troughs, ready to be marketer.Quicksilver is put up for shirking inRanks of wrought Iron, weighing fourteerpounds each and hold seventy-six andone-half poo rids of the metal. The prev-ent market price of quicksilver is aboutfifty-three cents a pound *holexale.
Quicksilver is found m re ns cf rocks,like gold, silver and other m <ais. Horae-t.tnes the tiny globules of the mercuryaptpear la (he inters tires of the rock, butusually It is found In tho form of cinnabar,a chemical compound conta'nfng 13J# percent, of sulphur and 1U per «e»t mer-cury. When pure and reduced to a powd-er It Is a bright rod ootsr.
The principal uses of gaiekaftver as* farremoving fro* goM and silver In placer andquarts m nmg. *or manufacturing vermil-ttan paints ami Rat fbr baadmg uta-rers, for mak tag ttarsMaaatars aai auuqr
1 attar a taatNMMtak I
WHAT’S WHAT IN
Anything That Costs Less ThanS4OO to SSOO Consid-
ered “Punk.”
RUSSIAN SABLE THE BEST
fashion Decrees That the Well DressedMust Possess at Least One Fur
Coat, Though Any Number
Is Not Prohibited.
From the New York Sun.A fur lined overcoat Is always a luxury,
but It n<n < r was more so than this year,when there has been so little severe
weather. If It were only for utilitythat
men bought these coats, there woukl bo
lutlc demand for them.Furs for men have become like furs for
women, a luxury in no way dependent onthe temperature. A man who makes aneffort to ho Well dressed feels that hi*wardrobe Is incomplete without a fur linedcoat. If there is anything to be said In
excuse for such an extravagance It t* thelasting qualities of such a garment. A
pell made fur lined coat ought with or-dinary care to last at least ten years.
The foost important question with thiskind of a coat is naturally the fur of whichit Is to be made. And that depends in alarge measure on the amount one expect*
to pay, Russian aal>l« la naturally themost expensive of all furs. That variesvn much in price that a coat of thl* kindmay cost 1800 or IS,OOO.
Astrakhan is a popular fur, but It doe*not wear so well as other kinds, and theastrakhan collars do not give tho furryeffect that !s both becoming and comfort-able In cold weather. Then the fur 1*Jikely to g« t shiny with comparatively lit-tle wear. A coat lined with astrakhan andfinished with a mink or sable collar is avery becoming combination. There is abeautiful fur for collars in sea otter, whichis rather too costly to become common.
The supply of furs from which men mayselect coats I* not large. Women wearsable, mink, lynx, seal, black and silverfox. astrakhan, broad tail, chinchilla, wolfand various other furs while the choice ofmen for street wear is practically limitedto astrakhan, seal, mink, rable or otter.
For wear In a motor, however, the menmay select from a variety of pelts thatwere never before hoard of as Intendedfor human wear. They come, moreover, Incombinations and contrasts of color thatwould delight the most barbaric taste.
The cheap fur coat i* a very poor In-vestment for anybody. The shiny, dyedfurs look well for the shop windows, butthey will not stand closer scrutiny. They
do not wear at all well and fur coat* ofthis kind do not come Into consideration Indiscussing the kind of a coat that a welluressed man would want to wear.
of the best fur coats arc made nowby tailors, although sotro aje turned outBjf furrier*, in rape cases the purchaserafter ordering his coat buys the fur froma dealer and take* H to his tailor. Mostcareful men want their overcoats, oven Ifthey arc to be made cj fur, tpade by Iksman who cut* (heir other clothe*.
The cloth used in making a fur coatshould be black, whatever the kind orcolor of the fur" used. Kersey or broad-cloth 1* the beat ma terial. The length of acoat may be left to the individual taste ofthe wearer, but the best style Is almost tothe shoe top*.
There are no button* on the fur coat*made by the beet of the New York tailors. .Small wooden buttons covered with silkand silk loops are used to fasten the coat*down the front. Otherwise the coat 1* ab-soluteiy plain. The sleeve* as a ruls arenot provided with cuffs. Fur is worn ash ruff only when !t is part of a sleeve,made very long, so that It may bo turneddown over the hands In cold weather.When this protection is not needed thosleeve is turned back and gives the effectof cuffs made of the fur with which thecoat is lined.
The fur with which the coat Is linedshows along the edi* but It Is the collarthat really g!ve* the decorative fur effectto the garment. As a rule the shawl col-lar is worn because it can be more readilyturned up about the ears. Tho notch col-lar is occasionally worn, and In the opin-ion of some persons is much smarter than
| the shawl collar.The skins used to make a coat collar are
; In every case much finer in quality thanthose that lino the body of the coat. In
the case of mink. It is de*'rab!e to selectan especially good set of skins for the col-lar, as it alone will show. The differenc#
I in the quality of astrakhan is not really| so noticeable as the finest skins, used forwomen’s wear, would not be required,
Sfcalskin. which is very expefis!ve, make*a beautiful lining, but would not bo de-sired for a collar. A mink, otter or astra-khan collar, however, goes admirably with
| this fur.In th»* same way a sable cotlar may b©
used with any sort of lining. A suggestionof sabls about a coat, however. Immediate-ly takes It out of the list of useful gar-ments. liable is an extremely perishablefur. for one thing, and not suited to th©wear of any man who has to work, as th#majority of Americans do, and expects towear hi* fur coat even to business in coldweather.
A good mink coat, made up by the high-est priced tailor may be bought for MM,and with care It will last for ten year*. Agood astrakhan coat lined throughoutwith for of good quality may b# boughtfor ***. and ft will be first class in everydetail of cut and finish.
The fur overcoat follows generally th#line# of the ordinary coat, sav# that ft Isfuller in the back, with more of a boxeffect and much broader about the bot-tom.
Pending Consular Bill.' Take this consular bill which Is now
pending. When It was introduced Itcontained a series of provisions underw hich the consulates were to be graded.The original appointments made wer#to be only to the lower grades, and th©upp*r grades were to be filled by pro-motions, so that we would catch fel-loes young, while they still had somemotive power left In them. These pro-visions have been stricken out and th©bill reported without them. Still, th*bill makes a great advance over thepresent system. It grades tb* consul-ate# and provides for the abolition offees, and ft provides against the em-ployment of any clerks, except thoseof the very lowest grades, who are notAmerican citizens, provides ayatstfwhat I think la a very great abuse,namely the fact that a great number ofAmerican consulates are run by clerksof the country In which they art sit-uated.”
The approaching end of tbs activework of the reciprocity bureau wassounded In Mr. Root** statement aboutthe expense fbr Ra maintenance. The£££7 g I* tta tarrau m
tnt 61 anyvery lowwi
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FUR OVERCOATS
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