1. Amendment 14 Defines citizenship – makes you a citizen of USA first, then of your state. –...
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![Page 1: 1. Amendment 14 Defines citizenship – makes you a citizen of USA first, then of your state. – Before this state citizenship was supreme – States could.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649da55503460f94a90b78/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1. Amendment 14
• Defines citizenship – makes you a citizen of USA first, then of your state. – Before this state citizenship was supreme– States could deny citizenship to anyone they chose
• makes states follow due process of the law• guarantees equal protection of the law• A Civil Rights amendment
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2. Amendment 13
• Ended slavery, except as punishment for a crime
• A Civil Rights amendment
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3. Amendment 15
• Gave the right to vote to black men• Civil Rights amendment (voting)
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4. Amendment 19
• Gave the right to vote to women• Civil Rights amendment (voting)
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5. Amendment 26
• Voting age lowered to 18• Vietnam war• Civil Rights amendment (voting)
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6. Suffrage
• The right to vote• First held by white, male property owners– Extended to black men (Am #15, in 1870)– All property requirements gone by 1880– Extended to women (Am #19, in 1920)– Extended to residents of Washington DC to vote in
presidential elections (Am #23, 1961)– Voting age lowered to 18 (Am #26, 1971)
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7. Miranda Rights
• Miranda v. Arizona• Accused persons must be read their rights
when they are arrested• Right to remain silent (#5)• Right to an attorney (#6)– Even if you can’t afford one
Rights of the Accused
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8. Amendment 1
• Freedom of Religion• Freedom of Speech• Freedom of the Press• Right to Peaceable Assembly• Right to petition the government
• Individual Rights Amendment
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9. Amendment 2
• Right to bear arms• So people would have weapons if they were
called to fight for their state/country• Also as a check against government tyranny
• Individual Rights
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10. Amendment 4
• Guarantees your Right to Privacy– Protection against unreasonable searches and
seizures; must have a warrant that describes the place to be searched and the person or things to be seized
– People or their homes may not be searched without a good reason (probable cause).
– Search warrants (from judge) can only be issued if witnesses give good reasons UNDER OATH.
• Individual Rights
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11. Amendment 5
• Indicted by a Grand Jury for a capital (serious) offense• No double jeopardy (tried twice for the same crime)• Can’t be forced to testify (give evidence) against
yourself (called self-incrimination) “I plead the 5th”• Guarantees Due Process of Law (your natural rights
can’t be taken away unless all rules are followed)• Eminent Domain – the government may seize private
land for public use, but they must pay a fair price
• Individual Rights, Rights of the Accused
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12. Amendment 6
• Right to a speedy and public trial by jury• Right to an attorney/lawyer• Right to know the charges against you (what
you are accused of)• Right to call witnesses in court (right to see
and question those who accuse you)
• Individual Rights, Rights of the Accused
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13. Amendment 7
• Right to a jury trial in civil (non-criminal) cases where value is $20 or more – About $500 today
• Individual Rights
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14. Amendment 8
• No excessive bail or fines• No cruel or unusual punishment
• Individual Rights, Rights of the Accused
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15. Amendment 9
• Rights retained by the PEOPLE
• The people may have rights that are not listed in the Constitution.– Just because it’s not listed in the Bill of Rights
doesn’t necessarily mean that it’s not a right
• Individual Rights Amendment
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16. Amendment 10
• Powers reserved to the states and the people
• Powers not given to federal govt. (nor denied to the states) are given to the states or people– reserved powers
• Example: elections, education, marriage and driver’s licenses, etc.
• Individual Rights amendment
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17. Civil Rights
• Basic freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution• Includes political rights (like voting)• Women, African Americans, and other
minorities were granted “RIGHTS” that they never had before
• Amendments 13, 14, 15 and 19
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18. Brown v. Board of Education
• Supreme Court case that ended segregation in public schools
• Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson (separate but equal doctrine)
• Allowed African Americans to attend school with white students
• Desegregation
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19. Plessy v. Ferguson
• Supreme Court case that said the Separate but Equal doctrine was okay
• Separate facilities for black and white people were fine as long as they were equal– They were never really equal
• Made racial segregation (separation) legal until overturned by a later court ruling – Brown v. Board of Education
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20. Marbury v. Madison
• Supreme Court case where the court gave itself the power of Judicial Review– court could overturn laws it found to be
unconstitutional
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21. Jim Crow Laws
• Laws that were used to enforce racial segregation (separation) in the US
• Found in both northern and southern states– Worse in the south
• After the end of post-Civil War Reconstruction
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22. Double Jeopardy
• You can’t be tried twice for the same crime • 5th Amendment
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23. Popular Sovereignty
• The people hold the ultimate power
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24. Due Process of Law
• 5th Amendment• Everyone is treated “fairly under the law”
because the govt. must follow all the rules– No shortcuts in legal system
• Everyone gets a day in court
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25. Voting Rights• 15th Amendment– Suffrage for black males
• 19th Amendment– Suffrage for women
• 23rd Amendment– DC voting rights in presidential elections
• 24th Amendment– Outlawed Poll Tax
• 26th Amendment– Suffrage for anyone 18+ years old
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26. Separation of Powers
• Govt’s power divided between 3 branches, each with its own jobs– Legislative branch – makes law– Executive branch – enforces law– Judicial branch – interprets law and settle disputes
• Limited Govt.
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27. Checks and Balances
• Each branch of government has ways to check (limit) the powers of the other two branches
• Limited Govt.
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28. Judicial Review
• Part of checks and balances• Supreme Court decides if law is constitutional
or not• Marbury v. Madison is the case that set the
precedent of judicial review
• Limited Govt.
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29. Treason
• Taking the side of the enemy in wartime• The only crime defined in the Constitution– In Article 3
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30. Censorship
• Government examines books, movies, etc., and removes unacceptable parts before publication
• Violation of 1st Amendment
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31. Libel
• Attempting to hurt someone’s reputation by spreading lies in the press
• A limit on freedom of the press
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32. Slander
• Spreading lies to hurt someone’s reputation• Slander is spoken– Libel is written
• A limit on freedom of speech
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33. Indict
• Formally charge a perspm with a crime before putting them on trial
• Done by a Grand Jury• Part of the 5th amendment– Rights of the Accused
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34. Eminent Domain
• 5th Amendment• Govt. can take private land for public use but
they must pay a fair price– State and Federal governments only have to pay
you fair market value for your property, with or without your consent
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35. 22nd Amendment
• A check on the power of the presidency– To keep the president from getting too powerful• The longer they’re in, the more power they can get
• Limits the president to ten years in office• 10 years = 2 terms + 2 years• 2 terms and 2 years…..22nd Amendment
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36. Federalism
• Divides government’s power into national and state levels
• The national govt. is more powerful than state or local govts.– Supremacy Clause