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Amazing Scientific Discoveries Support the Creation Model

Dr. Fazale “Fuz” RanaReasons To Believe

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Miller–Urey Experiment

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Primordial Soup?No evidence for

prebiotics

12C and 13C content of earliest deposits indicate the presence of life

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Primordial Soup?Earth’s early conditions

• Atmosphere: carbon dioxide, nitrogen and water• Atmospheric

oxygen• Oxygen/UV

paradox

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Primordial Soup?Earth’s early conditions

• Hydrospheric oxygen, Hydrogen peroxide, Reactive oxygen species

• Early volcanic eruptions

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Life Appears Rapidly

At least 3.8 billion years ago 12C enriched

• kerogen• apatite• graphite

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Life Appears Rapidly

At 3.5 billion years ago 32S enriched sulfide deposits

At 3.5 – 3.8 billion years ago14N enriched kerogen

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Life Appears Rapidly

Stromatolites ~ 3.3 – 3.5 billion ya

• Microbial mats• Complex microbial

communities

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Life Appears Rapidly

Microfossils ~ 3.3 – 3.5 billion ya

• Resemble cyanobacteria

• Show a variety of forms

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“Now, one of the most arresting facts I have ever learned is that life goes back as far in Earth history as we can possibly trace it….In other words, in the very oldest rocks that stand a chance of showing signs of life, we find those signs-those vestiges-of life. Life is intrinsic to the earth!”

Niles Eldredge, The Triumph of Evolution and The Failure of Creationism

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First Life Is Complex

• Complex ecosystem

• Photosynthesis• Methanogenesis• Sulfate reduction

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First Life Is ComplexRequired Pathways

• Photosynthetic or chemoautotrophic

• Self-replication• Synthetic pathways• Metabolic

pathways

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“No one has publicly disagreed with my interpretation of the Apex fossils. But privately, some would prefer I were mistaken, since they (and I, too) would prefer a simpler evolutionary story, one that told us these oldest fossil organisms were capable only of primitive ways of living and that advanced metabolic lifestyles evolved much later. But the evidence seems strong, and what one might “prefer” shouldn’t matter.”

J. William Schopf, The Cradle of Life

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Life Appears under Hostile Conditions

“Frustration Events”

• Late heavy bombardment ~ 3.9 billion years ago

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Cambrian Explosion

• 540 Million Years Ago

• Nearly Every Animal Phylum Appears

• 2-3 Million Year Window

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Cambrian Explosion

• No New Phyla Since the Cambrian Event

• Loss of Phyla

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Cambrian ExplosionProblems

• Evolution in the Wrong Direction

• Decreasing Cone of Disparity

• Too Short a Time Window

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Fossil Record

Features

• Absence of Transitional Intermediates

• Stasis• Sudden Appearance

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“…with the benefit of hindsight, I am amazed at how long we accepted that gradual morphological change was the norm when data to support this belief were so sparse and the discrepancy had been known since Darwin’s time. Examples of gradual evolutionary trends in the fossil record can be counted on our fingers and we simply ignored countless examples that do not show the expected pattern. Lack of morphological change was equated with lack of data and the few examples of trends were with the truth… the few known examples of gradual trends are no more than random walks that just happen to be more or less linear.”

Christopher R.C. Paul in The Adequacy of the Fossil Record (John Wiley & Sons, 1998)

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Who were the Neanderthals?

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Who were the Neanderthals?

• ~150,000 to ~30,000 years ago

• Europe and Western Asia

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Summary - Scientific Data

Humans originated from a Small Population of Males and Females

In a single geographical location

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Who were the Neanderthals?

• Physical similarities with modern humans

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Physical Differences Between Neanderthals and Humans

• Poorly developed chin• Elongated Foramen Magnum• Medial Pterygoid Tubercle• Large Brow Ridge

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Physical Differences Between Neanderthals and Humans

• Large eye sockets • Brain Shape• Large Nose• Large Sinuses• Large Front Teeth

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Physical Differences Between Neanderthals and Humans

• Flatter Skull Base • Higher Larynx• Thicker Bones• Barrel Chests• Shorter Limbs

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Neanderthal Mt DNA

• Neanderthals Have No Genetic (nor Evolutionary) Connection to Humans

• Neanderthals Displayed Limited Genetic Diversity

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Neanderthal Development

• Craniodental development of Neanderthals and humans differs from before birth

• Differences occur from the time Neanderthals first appear

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Genetic Tests of Multiregional Hypothesis

Study 1• African and Asian and Oceanic peoples

originated from same population group

Study 2• 90% of founding population must come

from Africa and this population must be small

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H. erectus Development

• H. erectus developed in a fashion similar to great apes-not modern humans

• H. erectus developed from infanthood to adulthood rapidly

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Molecular Anthropology Compare DNA

Sequences of Human Groups

• Similarities and Differences

• Extent of Differences

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Molecular Anthropology Gives

• Date of Humanity’s Origin

• Location of Humanity’s Origin

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Molecular AnthropologyGives

• Original Population Size

• Pattern for Humanity’s Spread

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Scientific Data

Genetic Evidence • Diversity• Mt DNA• Y Chromosomal DNA• Linkage Disequilibrium

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Summary - Scientific Data

Humans originated from a Small Population of Males and Females

In a single geographical location

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Summary - Scientific Data

Recent Origin of Modern Humans~ 50,000 years ago

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Scientific Data

Sudden Appearance of Human culture:•Sophisticated tool kit•Art work•Spiritual Expression

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Body Ornaments

• Dated at 40,000 years ago• No Food Value• Unusual Designs and Color

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Summary - Scientific Data

Humans Originated Suddenly and Dramatically

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Scientific Predictionsfor the Origin of Humans

Creation Model

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Scientific Predictions

Sudden Appearance…

• Fossils

• Human Culture

• Spiritual Activity

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Scientific Predictions

Traceable to a Single Man and a Single Woman

Recent Origin

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