1. ALSEP Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package Nuclear powered package of instruments left on...
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Transcript of 1. ALSEP Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package Nuclear powered package of instruments left on...
![Page 1: 1. ALSEP Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package Nuclear powered package of instruments left on Moon by Apollo astronauts to measure solar winds, measure.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/5697bfc71a28abf838ca7b28/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1. ALSEP
• Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package
• Nuclear powered package of instruments left on Moon by Apollo astronauts to measure solar winds, measure lunar heat flow, and record seismic activity.
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2. apogee
• point of greatest separation between Earth and Moon. Approximately 405,000 km.
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3. Apollo Program
• U.S. space program to put men on the Moon. 12 men walked on the moon from July 1969 to December 1972.
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4. crater
• circular depression on the Moon primarily caused by meteorites. (some caused by volcanic activity)
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5. crater density
• average number of craters per unit of area. Much more concentrated in the highlands than in the maria (indicates the maria are younger).
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6. ejecta blanket
• Material thrown out of a crater during its formation by meteoric impact.
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7. erosion
• Wearing away of surface features. Caused on the Moon entirely by meteorite and micro-meteorite bombardment.
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8. highlands
• Light-colored, higher-elevation areas on the Moon.
• Also called “terrae”.
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9. impact breccia
• Many smaller rock fragments stuck together by the shock and heat of meteoric impact.
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10. libration
• apparent rocking motion of the Moon caused by the fact that rotation speed is constant while orbital speed changes.
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11. maria
• Dark-colored, lower-elevation areas on the Moon.
• Also called “lowlands”.
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12. perigee
• Point of the Moon’s closest approach to the Earth. Approximately 363,000 km.
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13. regolith
• Layer of pulverized ejecta. Lunar dust. Covers Moon to a depth of about 20 m.
• Regolith means “fine rocky layer”.
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14. rille
• A ditch where molten lava once flowed.
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15. synchronous orbit
• Orbit where rotational period equals orbital period. Causes the same side of the Moon to always face the Earth.
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16. terrae
• The lunar highlands. (See number 8)
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1. How far away is the Moon? How do we know?
• The Moon’s average distance is 384,000 km.
• This is determined by the time it takes a laser beam to be reflected back to the Earth.
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2. Explain why, if the Moon always keeps a single face toward the Earth, we can see 59 percent of the lunar surface in a month.
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• The Moon rotates at a constant speed, but its orbital speed varies throughout the ellipse. This causes more of each side to be visible at different times of the month.
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3. Why does the Moon have no air?• The gravitational pull of the Moon is not
great enough to hold the gas molecules which would make
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4. What is the primary source of erosion on the Moon? Why is the average rate of erosion on the Moon so much less than on Earth?
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• The primary source of erosion on the Moon is meteoric and micro-meteoric bombardment.
• The Moon’s rate of erosion is slower than Earth’s because there is no running water or atmospheric wind.
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5. Tell how lunar soil is different from earthly soil.
• No organic matter, fossils, or water.
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6. What is a possible explanation for the lunar crust being thicker on the far side than on the near side?
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• The Earth’s gravity pulled the denser lunar mantle slightly off-center compared to the less dense (and less gravitationally attracted) crust.
• This made the crust on the near side thinner than the crust on the far side.
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7. Explain the four theories of the origin of the Moon. Which is favored by most of today’s astronomers? Why?
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1. SISTER or Co-formation THEORY
• The moon formed as a separate object from the Earth from the same “blob” of material.
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2. CAPTURE THEORY-
• The moon formed far from the Earth and was later captured by it.
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3. DAUGHTER, or Fission THEORY-• The Moon came from the Earth itself as a
piece of the Earth was dislodged by rapid spinning.
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4. IMPACT THEORY-
• A Mars-sized object collided with Earth in a glancing blow. This dislodged matter which then assembled into the Moon. (continued)
• The Impact theory is accepted by most astronomers because it has been shown to be the most probable in computer simulations.
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8. Pretend you are an astronaut on the Moon. How would the Earth appear to change as you observed it for one month?
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• The Earth would remain in one position in the sky and go through Moon-like phases over a 28 day period.
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• Be sure you know the Moon’s size, mass, and density in comparison to the Earth’s.
• Be sure you know the size range of craters.