11

Advanced Communications Advanced Communications User TrainingUser Training

(ACUT)(ACUT)

New Hampshire Wing, CAPNew Hampshire Wing, CAP

Version 1.3May 26, 2010

1Lt Tony ImmorlicaCommunications Training OfficerNew Hampshire Wing

Advanced Communications User Training Advanced Communications User Training (ACUT)(ACUT)

CAP communication systems: standards and rationaleCAP communication systems: standards and rationale Radio Basics:Radio Basics:

Familiarity with different radio modes (e.g. AM, FM, SSB)Familiarity with different radio modes (e.g. AM, FM, SSB) Radio Propagation and Frequency Bands (i.e. HF, VHF)Radio Propagation and Frequency Bands (i.e. HF, VHF)

Repeater Basics:Repeater Basics: Operation, use and restrictionsOperation, use and restrictions

Radio Operation – Radio Operation – Model specific overviewModel specific overview Calling ProceduresCalling Procedures

Formal message preparation and handlingFormal message preparation and handling Network operating proceduresNetwork operating procedures

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It is assumed the student has read and is familiar with CAPR 100-1 and 100-3

ACUT Completion and CreditACUT Completion and Credit

Prerequisite for this course: BCUTPrerequisite for this course: BCUT Successful completion of the ACUT requires passing an Successful completion of the ACUT requires passing an

open book test:open book test: Working knowledge of CAPR 100-1 and 100-3 is Working knowledge of CAPR 100-1 and 100-3 is

assumedassumed A passing score is 80%, corrected to 100%.A passing score is 80%, corrected to 100%.

No documentation is issuedNo documentation is issued Trainee records accomplishment in personnel record Trainee records accomplishment in personnel record

[CAPF 45 or CAPF 66][CAPF 45 or CAPF 66] Instructor notifies Wing Licensing Officer of those Instructor notifies Wing Licensing Officer of those

successfully completing ACUT trainingsuccessfully completing ACUT training

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CAP Radio Operator AuthorizationCAP Radio Operator Authorization

1.1. Basic Communications User Training - BCUT Basic Communications User Training - BCUT 3-4 Hour Class on:3-4 Hour Class on:

Standard Operating ProceduresStandard Operating Procedures Local Operating ProceduresLocal Operating Procedures

Entitles CAP member to operate a CAP RadioEntitles CAP member to operate a CAP Radio Issued a CAPF 76, Radio Operator Authorization by Wing or Issued a CAPF 76, Radio Operator Authorization by Wing or

higher headquartershigher headquarters

2.2. Advanced Communications User Training - ACUTAdvanced Communications User Training - ACUT 4-5 Hour Class4-5 Hour Class Pass the Advanced Communications User TestPass the Advanced Communications User Test Entitles CAP member to be assigned a call signEntitles CAP member to be assigned a call sign Required as part of the Communications Specialty TrackRequired as part of the Communications Specialty Track

Authorization is currently done in two phases:

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NOTE: BCUT and ACUT will soon be replaced by a new Introductory Communications Users Training [ICUT] course; release date is

pending

Operation of CAP Radio Stations by Operation of CAP Radio Stations by Unauthorized PersonnelUnauthorized Personnel

The operation of all CAP Radio Stations must be The operation of all CAP Radio Stations must be under the direct supervision of a under the direct supervision of a properly authorizedproperly authorized Civil Air Patrol radio operator.Civil Air Patrol radio operator.

Pilots/co-Pilots must have taken BCUT training as a Pilots/co-Pilots must have taken BCUT training as a minimum to operate CAP VHF radiosminimum to operate CAP VHF radios

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CAP Radio Station LicensingCAP Radio Station Licensing CAP is considered a CAP is considered a federal agencyfederal agency, thus its , thus its

Radio Stations are licensed by the National Radio Stations are licensed by the National Telecommunications and Information Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA)Administration (NTIA)

PublicPublic stations are licensed by the FCC stations are licensed by the FCC Federal agencies are not allowed to use services Federal agencies are not allowed to use services

allocated exclusively to the public sector for their allocated exclusively to the public sector for their business.business.

This excludes the use of Amateur Radio and This excludes the use of Amateur Radio and Citizens Band for CAP business.Citizens Band for CAP business.

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The regulation for all CAP Communications is CAPR 100-1

Assigned Call SignsAssigned Call Signs

Calls assigned to IndividualsCalls assigned to Individuals Call signs associated with ResourcesCall signs associated with Resources

AircraftAircraft Ground VehiclesGround Vehicles HeadquartersHeadquarters

Tactical Call SignsTactical Call Signs

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Aircraft Call SignsAircraft Call Signs CAP corporate aircraft will use “CAP xxxx” (ex. CAP corporate aircraft will use “CAP xxxx” (ex.

CAP 2869 pronounced “CAP twenty-eight sixty-CAP 2869 pronounced “CAP twenty-eight sixty-nine”) at all times. nine”) at all times.

Member-owned aircraft may also use the CAP Member-owned aircraft may also use the CAP call sign when on reimbursable missions. call sign when on reimbursable missions.

Flight Plans. Flight Plans. The three-letter identifier “CAP” is used within the FAA computer The three-letter identifier “CAP” is used within the FAA computer

system in place of the spoken word “CAP.” system in place of the spoken word “CAP.” For this reason, “CAP_______” will be used in place of the aircraft For this reason, “CAP_______” will be used in place of the aircraft

tail number on flight plans. tail number on flight plans. In the remarks section, the voice identifier “CAP________” must be In the remarks section, the voice identifier “CAP________” must be

included as well as the tail number of the aircraft.included as well as the tail number of the aircraft.

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CAP Radio Tactical Call SignsCAP Radio Tactical Call Signs

At Certain Special Activities functional call signs may At Certain Special Activities functional call signs may be approved by the commander of the activity. These be approved by the commander of the activity. These would includewould include SAR/DRA missionsSAR/DRA missions EncampmentsEncampments Incident Command System (ICS) operationsIncident Command System (ICS) operations

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ES Mission CommunicationsES Mission Communications

Communicators are needed for nearly all Communicators are needed for nearly all ES missions in CAP, both SAR and DR.ES missions in CAP, both SAR and DR. Scheduled radio check-in proceduresScheduled radio check-in procedures Sending a position reportSending a position report Reporting a clue or a findReporting a clue or a find

Additional training is required to achieve Additional training is required to achieve a Radio Operator emergency services a Radio Operator emergency services rating. rating.

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Out of Wing OperationOut of Wing Operation

Operation of mobile stations outside of the Operation of mobile stations outside of the wing in which they are licensed is wing in which they are licensed is permitted.permitted.

Operation on CAP frequencies in Canada Operation on CAP frequencies in Canada and Mexico is prohibited.and Mexico is prohibited.

Special limitations apply within 75 miles of Special limitations apply within 75 miles of the Canadian borderthe Canadian border Check with the Director of Communications Check with the Director of Communications

before operating radios in those areasbefore operating radios in those areas

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Communicating with Other AgenciesCommunicating with Other AgenciesInteragency operation on Non-CAP FrequenciesInteragency operation on Non-CAP Frequencies

CAP stations operating on non-CAP CAP stations operating on non-CAP frequencies must have written frequencies must have written authorization from the licensed agency.authorization from the licensed agency.

The radio must meet all requirements for The radio must meet all requirements for use in that band under FCC or NTIAuse in that band under FCC or NTIA

Some agencies are requiring that we use Some agencies are requiring that we use encryptionencryption

A copy of the FCC license or the federal A copy of the FCC license or the federal authorization must also be obtained.authorization must also be obtained.

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Interagency OperationsInteragency Operations• CAP has Memorandums of Understanding CAP has Memorandums of Understanding

(MOU) with a number of agencies(MOU) with a number of agencies

On file at National Headquarters On file at National Headquarters – AF MARS, AF MARS,

– American Red Cross, American Red Cross,

– Salvation Army, Salvation Army,

– US Coast Guard AuxiliaryUS Coast Guard Auxiliary

On file at NH Wing Headquarters On file at NH Wing Headquarters – NH Office of Emergency Management NH Office of Emergency Management

– NH National GuardNH National Guard

– NH Fish and GameNH Fish and Game

Frequencies for Interagency Operation are programmed into Frequencies for Interagency Operation are programmed into CAP Radios as appropriate – see Channel PlansCAP Radios as appropriate – see Channel Plans

Concept of OperationsConcept of Operations

CAP communications relies heavily on VHF-FM (very high CAP communications relies heavily on VHF-FM (very high frequency-frequency modulation) because VHF provides frequency-frequency modulation) because VHF provides excellent, dependable, short-range communications. excellent, dependable, short-range communications.

VHF is readily adaptable to ground and air mobile VHF is readily adaptable to ground and air mobile operations. We are developing digital voice and encryption operations. We are developing digital voice and encryption options that may be used in this mode.options that may be used in this mode.

CAP is also licensed to operate on specific HF (high frequency) CAP is also licensed to operate on specific HF (high frequency) bands, and utilizes Single sideband modulation (SSB). This bands, and utilizes Single sideband modulation (SSB). This affords long distance, even world-wide contacts – but is highly affords long distance, even world-wide contacts – but is highly dependent on frequency and atmospheric conditionsdependent on frequency and atmospheric conditions

Aircraft radios operate on 118 to 137 MHz using Amplitude Aircraft radios operate on 118 to 137 MHz using Amplitude Modulation (AM). Radio certificates are issued through the Modulation (AM). Radio certificates are issued through the FAAFAA

Standardized National Channelization Standardized National Channelization and Programming Planand Programming Plan

VHF-FM operations by CAP is governed by VHF-FM operations by CAP is governed by the Standardized National Channelization the Standardized National Channelization and Programming Plan that has been and Programming Plan that has been mandated in the CAPR 100-1. mandated in the CAPR 100-1.

Compliance with this plan is mandatory for all Compliance with this plan is mandatory for all corporate radios. corporate radios.

All CAP assigned radio frequencies are All CAP assigned radio frequencies are designated “For Official Use Only”designated “For Official Use Only”

CAP Assigned Frequencies: FOUOCAP Assigned Frequencies: FOUOFor Official Use OnlyFor Official Use Only

What is FOUOWhat is FOUO A designation that there A designation that there

is sensitive informationis sensitive information Used when frequency Used when frequency

documentation is documentation is needed in the needed in the documentdocument

What FOUO isn’tWhat FOUO isn’t ClassificationClassification For use on every single For use on every single

documentdocument

UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

Frequency information contained in this document is designated by the Department of Defense (DoD) as

For Official Use Only (FOUO) and may

not be released to anyone without the prior permission of NHQ and CAP-USAF.

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EncryptionEncryption

Encrypted P25 transmissions of any kind are Encrypted P25 transmissions of any kind are permitted ONLY if advance authorization is permitted ONLY if advance authorization is granted in writing by the NTC. granted in writing by the NTC.

Only approved keys provided by the NTC will Only approved keys provided by the NTC will be used when we encrypt. be used when we encrypt.

When working with other agencies, CAP When working with other agencies, CAP must conform to that agency’s rules and must conform to that agency’s rules and procedures for using encryption. procedures for using encryption.

Radio BasicsRadio Basics

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Basics of Radio: ModulationBasics of Radio: Modulation

To send a signal via radio, the radio modulates or To send a signal via radio, the radio modulates or superimposes voice on a radio frequency. AM, FM and superimposes voice on a radio frequency. AM, FM and SSB are just ways of sending voice information.SSB are just ways of sending voice information.

CAP uses CAP uses AM – amplitude modulationAM – amplitude modulation FM - frequency modulation, andFM - frequency modulation, and SSB – single sideband SSB – single sideband

along with some “P25” digital modes.along with some “P25” digital modes. Normally, we use:Normally, we use:

AM on Aircraft BandsAM on Aircraft Bands SSB on HFSSB on HF FM on VHF and UHFFM on VHF and UHF

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2020

FM is used by CAP for VHF radios in vehicles, aircraft, FM is used by CAP for VHF radios in vehicles, aircraft, walkie-talkies and base stations, for short range comms.walkie-talkies and base stations, for short range comms.

The advantage is less static from ignition systems in The advantage is less static from ignition systems in vehicles, and excellent audio quality. vehicles, and excellent audio quality.

FM also has a “capture effect” where the strongest FM also has a “capture effect” where the strongest station comes in over a weaker station. That is good station comes in over a weaker station. That is good and bad.and bad.

CAP also uses FM in the ISR UHF radios.CAP also uses FM in the ISR UHF radios.

Frequency ModulationFrequency ModulationFMFM

2020

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CAP uses SSB on HFCAP uses SSB on HF SSB uses a very small bandwidth, SSB uses a very small bandwidth,

compared to AM and FM modescompared to AM and FM modes Used for L O N G Distance CommsUsed for L O N G Distance Comms HF Operation is specialized, but very HF Operation is specialized, but very

useful because it is very efficientuseful because it is very efficient Seek Special Training in HF, not included Seek Special Training in HF, not included

in this course. Ask your Comm. Officerin this course. Ask your Comm. Officer

Single SidebandSingle SidebandSSBSSB

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Amplitude ModulationAmplitude ModulationAMAM

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• Used in aircraft radios to communicate with ATC, Used in aircraft radios to communicate with ATC, tower, other aircraft, airport operations, etc.tower, other aircraft, airport operations, etc.

• Worldwide standard for aircraft communicationWorldwide standard for aircraft communication

• Very old type of modulation first used in early Very old type of modulation first used in early development of radiodevelopment of radio

• Tends to be noisy, easily interfered with. Allows Tends to be noisy, easily interfered with. Allows lots of static and ignition noise. Bad feature.lots of static and ignition noise. Bad feature.

• Allows two stations to be heard over one another Allows two stations to be heard over one another – i.e. no capture effect as with FM. Good feature.– i.e. no capture effect as with FM. Good feature.

Basics of Radio -PropagationBasics of Radio -Propagation Radio propagation is a term used to explain how Radio propagation is a term used to explain how

radio waves behave when they are behave when they are transmitted, or , or are propagated from one point on the earth to are propagated from one point on the earth to anotheranother

There are many ways that waves propagate in the There are many ways that waves propagate in the atmosphere, includingatmosphere, including Ground WavesGround Waves Sky WavesSky Waves Tropospheric ScatteringTropospheric Scattering Line of SightLine of Sight

Propagation changes with frequency, time of day, Propagation changes with frequency, time of day, atmospheric conditions and sun spot activityatmospheric conditions and sun spot activity

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Ground Wave PropagationGround Wave Propagation

Surface or Ground waves follow the curvature of Surface or Ground waves follow the curvature of the earth. Since the ground is not a perfect the earth. Since the ground is not a perfect electrical conductor, ground waves are attenuated electrical conductor, ground waves are attenuated as they follow the earth’s surface. as they follow the earth’s surface.

As frequency decreases, ground losses become As frequency decreases, ground losses become lowerlower VLF (very low frequency) and LF (low frequency) are VLF (very low frequency) and LF (low frequency) are

mostly used for military communications, especially with mostly used for military communications, especially with ships and submarines.ships and submarines.

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Skywave PropagationSkywave Propagation Skywave propagation, or “skip”, results from refraction of radio Skywave propagation, or “skip”, results from refraction of radio

waves in the ionospherewaves in the ionosphere . .

Forecasting of skywave modes is of considerable interest to Forecasting of skywave modes is of considerable interest to amateur radio operators, commercial marine and aircraft amateur radio operators, commercial marine and aircraft communications, and shortwave broadcasters.communications, and shortwave broadcasters.

A sudden ionospheric disturbance is often the result of solar A sudden ionospheric disturbance is often the result of solar flares. Flares can disrupt HF radio propagation.flares. Flares can disrupt HF radio propagation.

2525

These layers are directly affected by the sun, and its varying activity (sunspot cycle) determines the utility of these modes

Line-of-SightLine-of-Sight PropagationPropagation

Above HF (30 MHz) most propagation is Above HF (30 MHz) most propagation is line of sight – “if you can see it, you can line of sight – “if you can see it, you can hear it”hear it”

In some cases, VHF signals can be In some cases, VHF signals can be received from reflections off of structures, received from reflections off of structures, terrain, etc. increasing rangeterrain, etc. increasing range Ground Ground plane reflection effects are an plane reflection effects are an

important factor in VHF line of sight important factor in VHF line of sight propagation.propagation.

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Effect of Antenna on PropagationEffect of Antenna on Propagation

Two important factors for antennas:Two important factors for antennas: 1. Directivity – function of antenna design1. Directivity – function of antenna design 2. Placement – height above ground and attitude 2. Placement – height above ground and attitude

[horizontal or vertical][horizontal or vertical]

Antennas can be “omni-directional” [whips, Antennas can be “omni-directional” [whips, vertical antennas] or “directional” [beams, vertical antennas] or “directional” [beams, requiring a rotator to point in a desired direction]requiring a rotator to point in a desired direction]

Height above ground and attitude determines Height above ground and attitude determines the “take-off” angle and thus impacts skip the “take-off” angle and thus impacts skip distancedistance

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Propagation - SummaryPropagation - Summary

Generally, you need not be overly concerned Generally, you need not be overly concerned about propagation but should be aware of the about propagation but should be aware of the limitations and advantageslimitations and advantages

Hints… if you have trouble making contact: Hints… if you have trouble making contact: When operating VHFWhen operating VHF

Move to higher ground or move your locationMove to higher ground or move your location Your handheld antenna should be held verticallyYour handheld antenna should be held vertically

When operating HFWhen operating HF Change frequencyChange frequency Wire antennas close to the ground favor more local [e.g. Wire antennas close to the ground favor more local [e.g.

NER] receptionNER] reception

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Basics of Radio: SpectrumBasics of Radio: SpectrumWideband and NarrowbandWideband and Narrowband

Radio spectrum is a national, albeit limited resource. Radio spectrum is a national, albeit limited resource.

Spectrum is governed by national policy and international agreementsSpectrum is governed by national policy and international agreements

Most countries institute tight radio regulations for application of radio Most countries institute tight radio regulations for application of radio spectrumspectrum..

The amount of spectrum a particular signal occupies is a function of how The amount of spectrum a particular signal occupies is a function of how the RF carrier frequency is modulated to transfer meaningful informationthe RF carrier frequency is modulated to transfer meaningful information

Wideband Signal [used prior to 1 OCT 09]

Narrowband Signal

Wideband on a Narrowband SystemWideband on a Narrowband System

Attempting to utilize a narrowband system with a wideband Attempting to utilize a narrowband system with a wideband only radio is a potentially dangerousonly radio is a potentially dangerous act. Plus, the act. Plus, the Narrowband system will have extremely degraded Narrowband system will have extremely degraded performance.performance.

Doing this cause harmful interference and presents a serious Doing this cause harmful interference and presents a serious safety situation to aircrews and other ground teamssafety situation to aircrews and other ground teams..

Attempting to access this system will cause dangerous Attempting to access this system will cause dangerous interference to not only the system you are attempting to interference to not only the system you are attempting to access but the adjacent channel users.access but the adjacent channel users.

This should not be an issue if you use This should not be an issue if you use onlyonly CAP assigned radios CAP assigned radios

CAP Radio EquipmentCAP Radio Equipmentand Operationand Operation

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Frequency Bands used by CAPFrequency Bands used by CAP VHF – Very High Frequency - is only capable of VHF – Very High Frequency - is only capable of

line-of-site communicationsline-of-site communications Buildings, mountains, leaves may interfereBuildings, mountains, leaves may interfere Higher an aircraft, the wider coverageHigher an aircraft, the wider coverage 2500’ AGL has an effective radius of 50 Miles2500’ AGL has an effective radius of 50 Miles

HF - High Frequency - is capable of world wide HF - High Frequency - is capable of world wide communicationcommunication Strongly dependent on frequency, antenna, time Strongly dependent on frequency, antenna, time

of day of day

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Types of radiosTypes of radios EF JohnsonEF Johnson

Base RadioBase Radio Mobile RadioMobile Radio PortablePortable

MotorolaMotorola HFHF ALEALE

ICOMICOM ISRISR

Aircraft RadiosAircraft Radios Aircraft use two types:Aircraft use two types:

AM – used mostly by AM – used mostly by pilots to communicate pilots to communicate with Air Traffic Controlwith Air Traffic Control

FM – used primarily by FM – used primarily by Mission Observer to Mission Observer to communicate with communicate with Mission BaseMission Base

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Air-band vs. CAP RadiosAir-band vs. CAP RadiosWhat’s differentWhat’s different

AuthorizationAuthorization Air-band Radios are licensed by the FCC through the FAAAir-band Radios are licensed by the FCC through the FAA

Pilots operate under a radio certificate tied to tail numberPilots operate under a radio certificate tied to tail number CAP mission base has a blanket authorization to operateCAP mission base has a blanket authorization to operate

CAP Radios are licensed by the NTIA through the Air ForceCAP Radios are licensed by the NTIA through the Air Force CAP Radio Stations must be under the direct supervision of a CAP Radio Stations must be under the direct supervision of a properly authorizedproperly authorized Civil Air Civil Air

Patrol radio operator [i.e. have had BCUT as a minimum]Patrol radio operator [i.e. have had BCUT as a minimum]

ModulationModulation Air-band: AMAir-band: AM CAP: FMCAP: FM

CAP radio transmissions may also be digital [P25] and encryptedCAP radio transmissions may also be digital [P25] and encrypted

FrequenciesFrequencies Air-band: open and disclosed to publicAir-band: open and disclosed to public CAP: designated “For Official Use Only” – CAP: designated “For Official Use Only” –

Cannot be publically disclosed, should not say “on the air”Cannot be publically disclosed, should not say “on the air” Not available through the Freedom of Information ActNot available through the Freedom of Information Act

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Model Specific InformationModel Specific Information These next few overview slides go into basic radio These next few overview slides go into basic radio

functions and operations for the:functions and operations for the: E.F. Johnson - 5300 Series MobilesE.F. Johnson - 5300 Series Mobiles E.F. Johnson - 5100 HandheldsE.F. Johnson - 5100 Handhelds Technisonic - Technisonic - TDFM-136TDFM-136 FM Aircraft Radio FM Aircraft Radio Tait - Tait - T-2020T-2020 Mobiles Mobiles (Analog Only 100 Channels Maximum, Mission (Analog Only 100 Channels Maximum, Mission

Support Radio)Support Radio)

NAT - NAT - NPX-136NPX-136 Aircraft Radio Aircraft Radio (Analog Only 100 Channels (Analog Only 100 Channels Maximum, to be replaced with Technisonic TDFM-136)Maximum, to be replaced with Technisonic TDFM-136)

Manuals for most of these radios can be downloaded at Manuals for most of these radios can be downloaded at https://ntc.cap.af.mil/comm/downloads.cfmhttps://ntc.cap.af.mil/comm/downloads.cfm

Before operating any of these radios, seek Before operating any of these radios, seek specific instruction and read the manual!specific instruction and read the manual!

EF Johnson 5300 Series MobileEF Johnson 5300 Series Mobile1 - Power Switch / Volume The On /Off and Volume control knob is located on the left under display screen; push the knob for on/off, rotate for volume control.

2, 6 & 8 – non functional

3 - The light above the Hi / Low power switch shows RED when you transmit, GREEN when the frequency is in use.

4 - Zone / Channel Selector Knob Push in to alternate between Zones and channel selection. Rotate knob to scroll up or down within the channel / zone bank.

1

2

3

4

5 6 7 8 9

5 – Squelch On/Off7 – Scan5+9 – hold and rotate 4 to change display angle

EF Johnson 5100 Series HandheldEF Johnson 5100 Series Handheld

1

1 – Power On / Off and Volume2 – Channel Selector 3 – Antenna Connection Port4 – Keypad LOCK Button5 – Not Programmed6 – Transmit / Receive Light7 – Speaker Mic. Connection8 – PTT Button9 - Speaker

23

45

6

12

5

2

4

7

8

6

10 – Microphone11 – Not Programmed12 – Not Programmed13 – Not Programmed14 – Not Programmed15 – Not Programmed16 – Not Programmed17 – Light18 – Up / Down Zones

9

10

11 12

13 14

1516

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Technisonic Model TDFM-136 Technisonic Model TDFM-136 Aircraft VHF FM RadioAircraft VHF FM Radio

Notes:• To select and view CAP channel designators, push tone pad Button “1/CHAN” NOT “ 7/FREQ.”• Audio for both upper and lower displayed channels will be heard simultaneously

1 – On / Off – Volume2 – Channel Display3 - Display Brighter 4 – Display Dimmer5 – Channel Memory Scroll Down6 – Channel Memory Scroll Up7 – Enter8 – Guard Select Switch9 – Transmit Select for Main [upper display] or “Guard” [lower display]

12 3

4

65

7

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TAIT T-2020 MobileTAIT T-2020 Mobile1 - POWER SWITCH and Volume Control1 - POWER SWITCH and Volume Control

2 -Channel Selection, use keypad to the right of the display 2 -Channel Selection, use keypad to the right of the display screen. Channels 1-16 are the common simplex screen. Channels 1-16 are the common simplex channels and mobile repeaters ( to be assigned by CUL). channels and mobile repeaters ( to be assigned by CUL).

For Channel 1 thru 16 selection (refer to channel chart) can For Channel 1 thru 16 selection (refer to channel chart) can be obtained by pushing a number button on the key pad be obtained by pushing a number button on the key pad AND the “enter” key.AND the “enter” key.

1

23 - Channel Up4 – Channel Down5 – ENTER Button

34

5

Example I want channel 10, press (1) and (zero) then (ENTER). For Ch 2, Press ( 2) and (enter)

NNational ational AAirborne irborne TTechnologies echnologies - NPX-138- NPX-138

1 - On / Off1 - On / Off

2 – Channel Up / Down – (Toggle Left or Right) 2 – Channel Up / Down – (Toggle Left or Right)

3 – Squelch (Press In)3 – Squelch (Press In)

4 – Screen Brightness4 – Screen Brightness

5 - Always Leave on (ID)5 - Always Leave on (ID)

1

2 345

RepeatersRepeaters

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Voice Operating ModesVoice Operating ModesSimplex vs. DuplexSimplex vs. Duplex

Repeaters – Duplex modeRepeaters – Duplex mode Used to extend coverage and Used to extend coverage and

get over obstaclesget over obstacles

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R T

Single Frequency - One Station at a

Time

Two Frequencies - One Station at a Time

Repeater increases the range of mobilestations due to its high profile location

SimplexSimplex Transmit and receive on Transmit and receive on the same frequencythe same frequency Buildings, terrain, Buildings, terrain, altitudealtitude

DuplexDuplexTransmit on one Transmit on one frequency and receive on frequency and receive on anotheranother

Inside the RepeaterInside the Repeater

Tone

Repeater will turn on its transmitter only if Repeater will turn on its transmitter only if the Tone Decoder hears a repeater specific the Tone Decoder hears a repeater specific

tonetone

Transmit Frequency

RepeaterReceiver

Tone Decoder

RepeaterTransmitter

“Mike Button”

Voice ReceiveFrequency

PTT

The Tone Decoder “listens” for tones on the incoming signal

The Tone Decoder “presses” the Push To Talk (PTT) button to turn on the transmitter.

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NER REPEATER LOCATIONS NER REPEATER LOCATIONS

There are 64 NBFM Compliant Repeaters In the CAP North East Region

Geographically Defined Restrictions on Geographically Defined Restrictions on CAPCAP VHF Frequencies* VHF Frequencies*

Because of the international agreements between Canada Because of the international agreements between Canada and the U.S., CAP must restrict its operations on certain and the U.S., CAP must restrict its operations on certain CAP frequencies when within 75 nm miles of the CAP frequencies when within 75 nm miles of the international border. international border.

Operators entering those areas should make themselves Operators entering those areas should make themselves aware of any restrictions in effect. aware of any restrictions in effect.

Aircraft Operations are restricted to channels Air 1 or Aircraft Operations are restricted to channels Air 1 or CAPGUARD ONLY and are limited to 3,000 ft AGL. CAPGUARD ONLY and are limited to 3,000 ft AGL. We are permitted to operate up to 12.5KFT ONLY WITH USAF We are permitted to operate up to 12.5KFT ONLY WITH USAF

MISSION AUTHORIZATIONMISSION AUTHORIZATION

** Note: Restrictions do not apply to other interagency Note: Restrictions do not apply to other interagency communications such as Fish & Game, Forest Servicecommunications such as Fish & Game, Forest Service

Aircraft use of RepeatersAircraft use of Repeaters Primary mode of operation should be simplexPrimary mode of operation should be simplex Only use the repeater if simplex is not possible.Only use the repeater if simplex is not possible. Within 75 miles of the Canadian border use of Within 75 miles of the Canadian border use of

CAP VHF assigned frequencies prohibited above CAP VHF assigned frequencies prohibited above 3000 ft. AGL3000 ft. AGL

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Note: Aircraft may use repeaters when on the groundNote: Aircraft may use repeaters when on the ground

NH Wing CommunicationsNH Wing Communications

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NHWG VHF CommunicationsNHWG VHF Communications NH Wing maintains 6 VHF repeaters at fixed locations plus NH Wing maintains 6 VHF repeaters at fixed locations plus

two portable unitstwo portable units Location of the fixed repeaters were chosen such that all Location of the fixed repeaters were chosen such that all

squadrons have access to at least onesquadrons have access to at least one Derry, Laconia, Ascutney, Lebanon, Littleton, Keene, Derry, Laconia, Ascutney, Lebanon, Littleton, Keene,

In addition we have:In addition we have: “ “Portable” – repeater currently based in PortsmouthPortable” – repeater currently based in Portsmouth “ “Highbird” – utilized by aircraft assigned by the IC*Highbird” – utilized by aircraft assigned by the IC*

VHF Frequencies [Channels] are programmed to show VHF Frequencies [Channels] are programmed to show the repeater location [Tag], not the frequency the repeater location [Tag], not the frequency

* Requires an ACUT qualification 4848

CAP VHF Radio FrequenciesCAP VHF Radio Frequencies

CAP Frequencies are FOUOCAP Frequencies are FOUO Thus, CAP radios are programmed to display the Thus, CAP radios are programmed to display the

specific designator for each programmed channel, for specific designator for each programmed channel, for exampleexampleDesignator:Designator: Function/Usage:Function/Usage: CC-1CC-1 Command/Control 1Command/Control 1 CC-2CC-2 Command/Control 2Command/Control 2 AIR-1AIR-1 Air/Ground 1Air/Ground 1 AIR-2AIR-2 Air Ops 2Air Ops 2 CAPGUARDCAPGUARD Calling ChannelCalling Channel TAC-1TAC-1 Tactical 1Tactical 1

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CAPGUARDCAPGUARDVHFVHF

A Guard channel is a common VHF channel monitored A Guard channel is a common VHF channel monitored by all units to allow short-term contact, regardless of by all units to allow short-term contact, regardless of what other operational channels the station may be what other operational channels the station may be using. using.

The channel designated “CAPGUARD” [FORMER The channel designated “CAPGUARD” [FORMER LABEL WAS GUARD 1] is restricted to use ONLY for LABEL WAS GUARD 1] is restricted to use ONLY for calling and then immediately moving to another calling and then immediately moving to another channel. channel.

All CAP stations should maintain a constant listening watch on CAPGUARD

to the maximum extent possible.

NHWG VHF Channels / ZonesNHWG VHF Channels / Zones EF Johnson RS5300 Radios operates on 16 Zones, each EF Johnson RS5300 Radios operates on 16 Zones, each

having a 16 Channel capabilityhaving a 16 Channel capability NHWG uses Zones 2, 3, 4, 6, and 7NHWG uses Zones 2, 3, 4, 6, and 7

Remaining zones are used nationallyRemaining zones are used nationally Use of Zones:Use of Zones:

Zone 2 – primary analog channelsZone 2 – primary analog channels Zone 6 – duplicate of Zone 2 in a digital mode Zone 6 – duplicate of Zone 2 in a digital mode [more secure][more secure]

Zone 3 – Northeast Region repeatersZone 3 – Northeast Region repeaters Zone 4 – NH ForestryZone 4 – NH Forestry Zone 7 - Coast Guard and Weather ChannelsZone 7 - Coast Guard and Weather Channels

Zones/Channels to be used for a specific mission will be Zones/Channels to be used for a specific mission will be assigned by the Incident Commanderassigned by the Incident Commander

5151

NHWG VHF Channel PlanNHWG VHF Channel PlanVHF Channel Plans vary with different radio models VHF Channel Plans vary with different radio models

Aircraft Radios do not use Zones Aircraft Radios do not use Zones – – channels are numbered sequentially from 1 to ~256channels are numbered sequentially from 1 to ~256

You must become familiar with the Channel Plan in the radio you You must become familiar with the Channel Plan in the radio you are operating! are operating!

Channel1 CC1 Command and Control2 CC2 Command and Control3 AIR 1 Aircraft Channel4 AIR 2 Aircraft Channel5 CAP GUARD Universal Calling Channel6 TAC 1 Ground Channel7 DERRY NHWG Repeater8 LACONIA NHWG Repeater9 ASCUTNEY NHWG Repeater10 LEBANON NHWG Repeater11 LITTLETON NHWG Repeater12 KEENE NHWG Repeater13 HIGH BIRD Airborne Relay Station14 PORTABLE NHWG Repeater15 Fish and Game Used for Liaison only16 SANFORD Used for Fire Patrol

Zo

ne 2

5252

The following example is for : EF Johnson series RS5300 radios. Each “Zone” has 16 channels and the radio has 16 zones for a total of 256 channels!:

Identifying Your Transmit Frequency Identifying Your Transmit Frequency VHFVHF

On your initial VHF transmission, use the Alpha On your initial VHF transmission, use the Alpha designator for the channel/frequency you are usingdesignator for the channel/frequency you are using – – ex. This is Abenaki 45 on TAC-1ex. This is Abenaki 45 on TAC-1

DO NOT use channel numbers DO NOT use channel numbers these may be different for different model radiosthese may be different for different model radios

DO NOT say frequenciesDO NOT say frequencies these are FOUOthese are FOUO

DO NOT say “on VHF,” “on FM, “ or “on Foxtrot Mike” DO NOT say “on VHF,” “on FM, “ or “on Foxtrot Mike” stations may be scanning or monitoring several different stations may be scanning or monitoring several different

channels simultaneouslychannels simultaneously

5353

CAP HF Channel PlanCAP HF Channel Plan

All operations are simplexAll operations are simplex Frequencies are designated by two alpha Frequencies are designated by two alpha

characterscharacters First letter denotes primary usageFirst letter denotes primary usage

A = National A = National N = Northeast RegionN = Northeast Region

NE Region frequenciesNE Region frequencies NA, NB and NCNA, NB and NC

Frequencies can be found on-lineFrequencies can be found on-line Password protected, FOUOPassword protected, FOUO

5454

HF - ALEHF - ALE

Automatic Link EstablishmentAutomatic Link Establishment Suite of HF frequenciesSuite of HF frequencies Constant scanning, and sounding at regular intervalsConstant scanning, and sounding at regular intervals Other stations here the sounding, and remember Other stations here the sounding, and remember

which frequency it was heard onwhich frequency it was heard on When an operator calls a station, the unit goes to the When an operator calls a station, the unit goes to the

frequency it last heard the best quality signal for that frequency it last heard the best quality signal for that stationstation

If it can’t establish a link, it will start searching the If it can’t establish a link, it will start searching the other frequencies in the suiteother frequencies in the suite

Search and RescueSearch and RescueAircraft CommunicationsAircraft Communications

Air-Ground Communications on aircraft frequenciesAir-Ground Communications on aircraft frequencies

Aeronautical Search And Rescue Stations (SAR) Aeronautical Search And Rescue Stations (SAR) Operate on two Aircraft FrequenciesOperate on two Aircraft Frequencies

122.9 MHz - TRAINING Only122.9 MHz - TRAINING Only 123.1 MHz - ACTUAL Missions Only123.1 MHz - ACTUAL Missions Only 121.5 MHZ – ELT and Emergency 121.5 MHZ – ELT and Emergency 121.75 MHZ – Training121.75 MHZ – Training

5656

Operating ProceduresOperating Procedures

5757

PROWORDSPROWORDS

THIS ISTHIS IS Preface to your call signPreface to your call sign ROGERROGER Last transmission received OKLast transmission received OK OVEROVER I’m done, go aheadI’m done, go ahead OUTOUT I’m done, byeI’m done, bye WAITWAIT I will be back in a few secondsI will be back in a few seconds SAY AGAINSAY AGAIN Say that againSay that again CORRECTIONCORRECTION Oops! I really meant to sayOops! I really meant to say WILCOWILCO ROGER ROGER andand I will comply I will comply AFFIRMATIVEAFFIRMATIVE YesYes

5858

Prowords are a special set of words used for Prowords are a special set of words used for clarity and brevity in communications.clarity and brevity in communications.

Some of the most commonly used prowords are:Some of the most commonly used prowords are:

Phonetic Alphabet & NumbersPhonetic Alphabet & Numbers

5959

AA AlphaAlphaBB BravoBravoCC CharlieCharlieDD DeltaDeltaEE EchoEchoFF FoxtrotFoxtrotGG GolfGolfHH HotelHotelII IndiaIndiaJJ JulietJulietKK KiloKiloLL LimaLimaMM MikeMike

NN NovemberNovemberOO OscarOscarPP PapaPapaQQ QuebecQuebecRR RomeoRomeoSS SierraSierraTT TangoTangoUU UniformUniformVV VictorVictorWW WhiskeyWhiskeyXX X-RayX-RayYY YankeeYankeeZZ ZuluZulu

PronunciationPronunciationof Numbersof Numbers11 WUNWUN22 TOOTOO33 TREETREE44 FO-WERFO-WER55 FIFEFIFE66 SIXSIX77 SEVENSEVEN88 ATEATE99 NINERNINER00 ZEROZERO

I SPELL / FIGURES / INITIALSI SPELL / FIGURES / INITIALS Use “I SPELL” for pronounceable wordsUse “I SPELL” for pronounceable words

Example: LODIExample: LODI ““I SPELL LODI LIMA OSCAR DELTA INDIA LODI”I SPELL LODI LIMA OSCAR DELTA INDIA LODI”

Use “FIGURE(S)” AND “INITIAL(S)” for non-wordsUse “FIGURE(S)” AND “INITIAL(S)” for non-words Example: N516FExample: N516F

““INITIAL NOVEMBER FIGURES FIVE ONE SIX INTIAL FOXTROT”INITIAL NOVEMBER FIGURES FIVE ONE SIX INTIAL FOXTROT”

CORRECTIONSCORRECTIONS Use proword “CORRECTION”Use proword “CORRECTION”

Example:Example:“… “… Turn right at next corner … CORRECTION Turn left at next corner…”Turn right at next corner … CORRECTION Turn left at next corner…”

6060

SENDING NUMBERSSENDING NUMBERS Use Prowords “FIGURES”, “DECIMAL”, “TIME”, “INITIALS”Use Prowords “FIGURES”, “DECIMAL”, “TIME”, “INITIALS”

Digit-by-Digit NotDigit-by-Digit Not““Seven Fifty”Seven Fifty” 750750 “FIGURES SEVEN FIVE ZERO”“FIGURES SEVEN FIVE ZERO”

NinerNinerNot NineNot Nine

849849 “FIGURES EIGHT FOUR NINER”“FIGURES EIGHT FOUR NINER”

DecimalDecimalPointPoint

14.514.5 “FIGURES ONE FOUR DECIMAL FIVE”“FIGURES ONE FOUR DECIMAL FIVE”

Z TimeZ Time 1635Z1635Z “TIME ONE SIX THREE FIVE ZULU”“TIME ONE SIX THREE FIVE ZULU”

Initial AndInitial AndFiguresFigures E21E21 “INITIAL ECHO FIGURES TWO ONE”“INITIAL ECHO FIGURES TWO ONE”

One FigureOne Figureand Initialand Initial 3-A3-A “FIGURE THREE DASH INITIAL ALPHA”“FIGURE THREE DASH INITIAL ALPHA”

61

Calling Another StationCalling Another Station To Establish ContactTo Establish Contact

““Abenaki 11 Abenaki 11 THIS ISTHIS IS Abenaki 85 on Abenaki 85 on Derry*Derry* OVEROVER”” ResponseResponse

““Abenaki 85 Abenaki 85 THIS ISTHIS IS Abenaki 11 Abenaki 11 OVEROVER”” If the station does not answer after a second call:If the station does not answer after a second call:

STATION NOT HEARD, THIS IS Abenaki 85 OUT.STATION NOT HEARD, THIS IS Abenaki 85 OUT. This lets other stations know the frequency is availableThis lets other stations know the frequency is available..

No need to use call signs until communications No need to use call signs until communications are completeare complete

On Closing the ContactOn Closing the Contact Abenaki 85 Abenaki 85 OUTOUT””

Always end a transmission with OVER or OUT Always end a transmission with OVER or OUT NOT BOTH!NOT BOTH!

6262*Say the Alpha designator for the channel you are using on initial call

Nobody Hears Me!Nobody Hears Me!Choose a Good Communications Site.Choose a Good Communications Site.

High ground (the higher the antenna, High ground (the higher the antenna, the better).the better).

VHF is line of site. VHF is line of site. Stay away from interference Stay away from interference

generatorsgenerators High power linesHigh power lines Power TransformersPower Transformers Underground CablesUnderground Cables Computers (even in the field)Computers (even in the field) Other radios on different frequenciesOther radios on different frequencies

6363

Nobody Hears Me, STILL!Nobody Hears Me, STILL!Common Problems & SolutionsCommon Problems & Solutions

Operator Failure! (This is the most Operator Failure! (This is the most common cause!)common cause!) Make sure you are following normal procedures and briefings.Make sure you are following normal procedures and briefings.

Check the radioCheck the radio Is the radio turned on, correct channel, and volume up?Is the radio turned on, correct channel, and volume up? Is the battery good? (Replace with a charged battery)Is the battery good? (Replace with a charged battery) Switch to a repeater, if availableSwitch to a repeater, if available

Ask for a relay (from aircraft if available)Ask for a relay (from aircraft if available) Move to higher ground or another locationMove to higher ground or another location

6464

Message HandlingMessage Handling

Message TrafficMessage Traffic

Categories of TrafficCategories of Traffic Formal TrafficFormal Traffic Administrative TrafficAdministrative Traffic Informal TrafficInformal Traffic

6666

Sending A Formal MessageSending A Formal Message

Originator writes message of CAPF 4 Originator writes message of CAPF 4 (Message Form)(Message Form)

Operator sends the message over the Operator sends the message over the appropriate net appropriate net (local, wing, region, etc. - Whichever assures (local, wing, region, etc. - Whichever assures

fastest delivery)fastest delivery)

When transmitting the message the When transmitting the message the operator speaks slowly and clearly so that operator speaks slowly and clearly so that the receiving station has time to write the the receiving station has time to write the message completely.message completely.

When finished, ask if fills are needed and When finished, ask if fills are needed and provide them.provide them.

6767

CAP Radio Message FormCAP Radio Message Form

Elements of CAP Form 4Elements of CAP Form 4 PrecedencePrecedence

RoutineRoutine PriorityPriority

DTG "TIME" or "DATE-TIME GROUP"DTG "TIME" or "DATE-TIME GROUP" FROMFROM TOTO INFOINFO TEXT OF MESSAGETEXT OF MESSAGE

6868

Message Body & Record TimeMessage Body & Record Time

Body or text of messageBody or text of messageOriginator states the message clearly and brieflyOriginator states the message clearly and briefly

Radio Station Operator Radio Station Operator InformationInformation

Fill in time of:Fill in time of: receipt receipt or or transmission transmission

6969

Header InformationHeader Information Originator of Message (From)Originator of Message (From)

Name of the headquarters of the originator, a slant Bar (/). And Name of the headquarters of the originator, a slant Bar (/). And the originator Office symbol, name and / or duty.the originator Office symbol, name and / or duty.Example: Example: From: HQ NHWG /CCFrom: HQ NHWG /CCFrom: Amitrano Squadron /Capt. Dolittle, Safety OfficerFrom: Amitrano Squadron /Capt. Dolittle, Safety Officer

Addressee (TO)Addressee (TO)The unit and name and/or office symbol of the addressee.The unit and name and/or office symbol of the addressee.Example:Example:To: HQ Northeast Region / CCTo: HQ Northeast Region / CCTo: All Units NHWGTo: All Units NHWG

Copies To (Information)Copies To (Information)All additional units and/or personnel who the originator desires to All additional units and/or personnel who the originator desires to receive a copy of the message.receive a copy of the message.

7070

Date-Time GroupDate-Time Group

7171

16 0218Z APR 9816 0218Z APR 98

DateDate TimeTime MonthMonth YearYear

Date Date andand Time in ZULU Time in ZULU

ZULU - Designates that time is UTCZULU - Designates that time is UTC (Universal Coordinated Time)(Universal Coordinated Time)

Z = EST + 5 hours Z = EDT + 4 hoursZ = EST + 5 hours Z = EDT + 4 hours

Draft Message Draft Message Draft this message on some scrap paper first, then when you Draft this message on some scrap paper first, then when you have stated it in a short, clear and concise fashion, transcribe have stated it in a short, clear and concise fashion, transcribe it onto a CAP message form. it onto a CAP message form.

It is Thursday, 2 June 1998 at 10:00 AM, Eastern It is Thursday, 2 June 1998 at 10:00 AM, Eastern Standard Time. You operate the Condor Composite Standard Time. You operate the Condor Composite Squadron Radio Station, Abenaki 141, in the New Squadron Radio Station, Abenaki 141, in the New Hampshire Wing. A few minutes ago your squadron Hampshire Wing. A few minutes ago your squadron commander, Captain Smith, asked you to send a commander, Captain Smith, asked you to send a routine message to the Wing Director of Operations routine message to the Wing Director of Operations requesting he schedule orientation flights for 10 requesting he schedule orientation flights for 10 cadets of your squadron for one day on the weekend cadets of your squadron for one day on the weekend of 12/13 July if possible.of 12/13 July if possible.

7272

Passing the MessagePassing the MessageLater that same day (2 JUN) you Later that same day (2 JUN) you participate in your Wing's VHF/FM participate in your Wing's VHF/FM Net at 7:00 PM (EDT). Net at 7:00 PM (EDT).

You check into the net and “with traffic” with the net You check into the net and “with traffic” with the net control station, Abenaki 15, your Routine message for control station, Abenaki 15, your Routine message for Abenaki 4. Abenaki 4.

Abenaki 4 has also joined the net. Abenaki 4 has also joined the net. Soon the Net Control Station (NCS) directs you to send Soon the Net Control Station (NCS) directs you to send your routine message to Abenaki 4. You do, and he your routine message to Abenaki 4. You do, and he accepts it.accepts it.

The NCS closes the net at 2329 Z (Log the net closed The NCS closes the net at 2329 Z (Log the net closed time.) time.)

After receiving the message completely and getting any After receiving the message completely and getting any required fills, the receiving operator acknowledges with "I required fills, the receiving operator acknowledges with "I acknowledge receipt of your 010340Z APR 04 (or whatever acknowledge receipt of your 010340Z APR 04 (or whatever the DTG is), OVER".the DTG is), OVER".

7373

RepetitionsRepetitionsBefore an operator can give a receipt for a message. he Before an operator can give a receipt for a message. he must have correctly received the complete message. must have correctly received the complete message.

When any portion is missed, the operator must ask for a When any portion is missed, the operator must ask for a “fill”. “fill”.

When words are missed or doubtful, repetitions will be When words are missed or doubtful, repetitions will be requested by the receiving station(s) before receipting for the requested by the receiving station(s) before receipting for the message as follows: the prowords SAY AGAIN in conjunction message as follows: the prowords SAY AGAIN in conjunction with with

"ALL BEFORE ______", "ALL AFTER ______", "ALL BEFORE ______", "ALL AFTER ______",

"ALL AFTER ______ and ALL BEFORE", "ALL AFTER ______ and ALL BEFORE",

"WORD BEFORE ______" or "WORD AFTER_" "WORD BEFORE ______" or "WORD AFTER_"

In complying with requests for repetition the transmitting In complying with requests for repetition the transmitting station will identify the portion being repeated as follows: station will identify the portion being repeated as follows:

"I SAY AGAIN ALL BEFORE ______", "I SAY AGAIN ALL BEFORE ______",

"I SAY AGAIN ALL AFTER ______", "I SAY AGAIN ALL AFTER ______",

"I SAY AGAIN ALL AFTER and ALL BEFORE ______", etc"I SAY AGAIN ALL AFTER and ALL BEFORE ______", etc. .

7474

Communication NetsCommunication Nets

7676

Communication NetsCommunication Nets• Purpose of NetsPurpose of Nets

– Pass Traffic (information) from Wing or Higher Pass Traffic (information) from Wing or Higher Headquarters to subordinate unitsHeadquarters to subordinate units

– Pass Traffic (information) from subordinate units to Pass Traffic (information) from subordinate units to Wing or Higher Headquarters Wing or Higher Headquarters

• Categories of TrafficCategories of Traffic

– FormalFormal

– InformalInformal

– AdministrativeAdministrative

• A Formal Net is established to control the flow of A Formal Net is established to control the flow of traffic on a single radio channel. There are two primary traffic on a single radio channel. There are two primary net types in CAPnet types in CAP

– Directed NetsDirected Nets

– Free NetsFree Nets

Net Control Station (NCS)Net Control Station (NCS)

Controls and directs the flow of radio Controls and directs the flow of radio traffic within their Nettraffic within their Net

Is primarily responsible for net discipline.Is primarily responsible for net discipline.

7777

NCS scriptNCS script

Each wing has its own Net scriptEach wing has its own Net script Roll callRoll call

a list of call signsa list of call signs by Group, in some wingsby Group, in some wings

7878

7979

Radio Net OperationRadio Net Operation• A Formal Net is established to control the A Formal Net is established to control the

flow of traffic on a single radio channelflow of traffic on a single radio channel

• The Net Control Station (NCS) maintains net The Net Control Station (NCS) maintains net discipline by controlling who is talkingdiscipline by controlling who is talking

• The NCS must be contacted first for The NCS must be contacted first for permission to contact another stationpermission to contact another station

• Sample Net Check-in (Abenaki 14 is the Sample Net Check-in (Abenaki 14 is the NCS):NCS):

– ““Abenaki 14, THIS IS Abenaki 404 with no Abenaki 14, THIS IS Abenaki 404 with no traffic, over”traffic, over”

8080

Formal NetsFormal NetsDirected NetsDirected Nets

In this net, stations obtain permission from the net In this net, stations obtain permission from the net control station (NCS) prior to communicating with other control station (NCS) prior to communicating with other stations.stations.

The net is often started with a roll call. The purpose of The net is often started with a roll call. The purpose of the roll call is to determine which members are the roll call is to determine which members are monitoring the Net.monitoring the Net.

Each station identifies itself, as called, with its CAP Each station identifies itself, as called, with its CAP assigned tactical call signassigned tactical call sign

Following roll call, transmission of traffic occurs.Following roll call, transmission of traffic occurs.

Free NetFree Net

Net Control Station (NCS) authorizes member stations to Net Control Station (NCS) authorizes member stations to transmit traffic to other stations in the net without transmit traffic to other stations in the net without obtaining prior permission from the net control station. obtaining prior permission from the net control station.

Free net operation does not relieve the control station of Free net operation does not relieve the control station of the responsibility for maintaining circuit disciplinethe responsibility for maintaining circuit discipline

8181

• All transmissions must receive permission from the All transmissions must receive permission from the Net Control Station (NCS)Net Control Station (NCS)

Radio Nets - Contacting Another StationRadio Nets - Contacting Another Station

Abenaki 401

Abenaki 14NCS

Abenaki 404

1

23

1 -1 - “Abenaki 14, THIS IS Abenaki 401 with traffic for Abenaki 404 OVER” “Abenaki 14, THIS IS Abenaki 401 with traffic for Abenaki 404 OVER”2 -2 - “Abenaki 401, Contact Abenaki 404 with your traffic, OUT” “Abenaki 401, Contact Abenaki 404 with your traffic, OUT”3 -3 - “Abenaki 404, THIS IS Abenaki 401, OVER” “Abenaki 404, THIS IS Abenaki 401, OVER”

Break-in ProceduresBreak-in Procedures

Only emergency or urgent traffic justifies Only emergency or urgent traffic justifies break-in procedures.break-in procedures.

A station wishing to break in will transmit A station wishing to break in will transmit at the pause with his/her station call sign.at the pause with his/her station call sign.

The word "Break" is not used as a break-The word "Break" is not used as a break-in proword. This proword is used solely in proword. This proword is used solely to separate message text from other to separate message text from other portions of the message.portions of the message.

8282

Distress and Emergency SignalsDistress and Emergency Signals

8383

MAYDAYMAYDAY DistressDistressPAN PANPAN PAN UrgencyUrgencySECURITESECURITE SafetySafety

Operator ResponsibilityOperator Responsibility

#1#1 LISTENLISTEN#2#2 Be Prepared to AssistBe Prepared to Assist#3#3 Do NOT Transmit Unless Your Do NOT Transmit Unless Your Services are NeededServices are Needed

} Supersedes allPriority orRoutine Traffic

PROHIBITED Operating PROHIBITED Operating PracticesPractices

Violation of Radio SilenceViolation of Radio Silence Personal ConversationPersonal Conversation Transmitting in a Net without permission of NCSTransmitting in a Net without permission of NCS Lack of identifying call signLack of identifying call sign Excessive tuning and testingExcessive tuning and testing Use of Amateur Radio or Citizens Band Use of Amateur Radio or Citizens Band

frequencies for CAP businessfrequencies for CAP business

8484

Safety ConcernsSafety Concerns Route wires and cables out of traffic areasRoute wires and cables out of traffic areas Properly ground all equipment - Make sure it is the path of least Properly ground all equipment - Make sure it is the path of least

resistance.resistance. If you see a 110VAC plug with the 3If you see a 110VAC plug with the 3rdrd prong missing, get the cord replaced before prong missing, get the cord replaced before

using the equipment.using the equipment.

Lightning precautionsLightning precautions Have lightning arrestors on all antennasHave lightning arrestors on all antennas During electrical storm, disconnect antenna from equipment and connect During electrical storm, disconnect antenna from equipment and connect

to groundto ground

Locate antenna away from electrical wires and people.Locate antenna away from electrical wires and people. If you touch a HF antenna when someone is transmitting, you will get RF If you touch a HF antenna when someone is transmitting, you will get RF

burnsburns Make sure your antennas are secureMake sure your antennas are secure

On a roof, make sure the roof has limited access, and that no one can On a roof, make sure the roof has limited access, and that no one can accidently trip or run into itaccidently trip or run into it

On a tower – make sure only authorized people can access the tower On a tower – make sure only authorized people can access the tower (commercial sites are pretty good about that, but what about your home?)(commercial sites are pretty good about that, but what about your home?)

8585

Mission SkillsMission Skills

Sending a Position ReportSending a Position Report Steps to regain communicationsSteps to regain communications Reporting a findReporting a find Reporting a ClueReporting a Clue Employing Appropriate Frequencies Employing Appropriate Frequencies Conducting Scheduled Check-insConducting Scheduled Check-ins Choosing a good Communications SiteChoosing a good Communications Site Knowledge of Plans and ProceduresKnowledge of Plans and Procedures Message Handling ProceduresMessage Handling Procedures Communications Safety ProceduresCommunications Safety Procedures

8686

Communications Communications Awards, Activities and Awards, Activities and

ProgramsPrograms

•The Communicator BadgeThe Communicator Badge

•The Senior Communicator BadgeThe Senior Communicator Badge

•The Master Communicator BadgeThe Master Communicator Badge

See CAPR 100-1 for more detailsSee CAPR 100-1 for more details

Cadet Eligibility for Cadet Eligibility for Communicator BadgeCommunicator Badge

Cadets are encouraged to pursue Cadets are encouraged to pursue each level of the communicator each level of the communicator badges. To do so, cadets must meet badges. To do so, cadets must meet all of the training requirements listed all of the training requirements listed in the appropriate section of CAPP in the appropriate section of CAPP 214 with the exception of the portions 214 with the exception of the portions specifically intended for the senior specifically intended for the senior member training program.member training program.

8888

8989

Questions